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Tag Archives: recommendations
Long COVID: major findings, mechanisms and recommendations
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YouTube’s Dislike Button Rarely Shifts Recommendations, Researchers Say – The New York Times
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CDC drops quarantine, distancing recommendations for COVID
NEW YORK (AP) — The nation’s top public health agency relaxed its COVID-19 guidelines Thursday, dropping the recommendation that Americans quarantine themselves if they come into close contact with an infected person.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention also said people no longer need to stay at least 6 feet away from others.
The changes, which come more than 2 1/2 years after the start of the pandemic, are driven by a recognition that an estimated 95% of Americans 16 and older have acquired some level of immunity, either from being vaccinated or infected, agency officials said.
“The current conditions of this pandemic are very different from those of the last two years,” said the CDC’s Greta Massetti, an author of the guidelines.
Many places around the country long ago abandoned social distancing and other once-common precautions, but some of the changes could be particularly important for schools, which resume classes this month in many parts of the country.
Perhaps the biggest education-related change is the end of the recommendation that schools do routine daily testing, although that practice can be reinstated in certain situations during a surge in infections, officials said.
The CDC also dropped a “test-to-stay” recommendation, which said students exposed to COVID-19 could regularly test — instead of quarantining at home — to keep attending school. With no quarantine recommendation anymore, the testing option disappeared too.
Masks continue to be recommended only in areas where community transmission is deemed high, or if a person is considered at high risk of severe illness.
School districts across the U.S. have scaled back their COVID-19 precautions in recent weeks even before the latest guidance was issued. Some have promised a return to pre-pandemic schooling.
Masks will be optional in most districts when classes resume this fall, and some of the nation’s largest districts have dialed back or eliminated COVID-19 testing requirements.
Public schools in Los Angeles are ending weekly COVID-19 tests, instead making at-home tests available to families, the district announced last week. Schools in North Carolina’s Wake County also dropped weekly testing.
Some others have moved away from test-to-stay programs that became unmanageable during surges of the omicron variant last school year.
The American Federation of Teachers, one of the nation’s largest teachers unions, said it welcomes the guidance.
“Every educator and every parent starts every school year with great hope, and this year even more so,” President Randi Weingarten said. “After two years of uncertainty and disruption, we need as normal a year as possible so we can focus like a laser on what kids need.”
The new recommendations prioritize keeping children in school as much as possible, said Joseph Allen, director of Harvard University’s healthy building program. Previous isolation policies forced millions of students to stay home from school, he said, even though the virus poses a relatively low risk to young people.
“Entire classrooms of kids had to miss school if they were deemed a close contact,” he said. “The closed schools and learning disruption have been devastating.”
Others say the CDC is going too far in relaxing its guidelines.
Allowing students to return to school five days after infection, without proof of a negative COVID-19 test, could lead to outbreaks in schools, said Anne Sosin, a public health researcher at Dartmouth College. That could force entire schools to close temporarily if teachers get sick in large numbers, a dilemma that some schools faced last year.
“All of us want a stable school year, but wishful thinking is not the strategy for getting there,” she said. “If we want a return to normal in our schools, we have to invest in the conditions for that, not just drop everything haphazardly like we’re seeing across the country.”
The average numbers of reported COVID-19 cases and deaths have been relatively flat this summer, at around 100,000 cases a day and 300 to 400 deaths.
The CDC previously said that if people who are not up to date on their COVID-19 vaccinations come into close contact with a person who tests positive, they should stay home for at least five days. Now the agency says quarantining at home is not necessary, but it urges those people to wear a high-quality mask for 10 days and get tested after five.
The agency continues to say that people who test positive should isolate from others for at least five days, regardless of whether they were vaccinated. CDC officials advise that people can end isolation if they are fever-free for 24 hours without the use of medication and they are without symptoms or the symptoms are improving.
Also on Thursday, the Food and Drug Administration updated its recommendations for how many times people exposed to COVID-19 should test.
Previously, the FDA had advised taking two rapid antigen tests over two or three days to rule out infection. Now the agency recommends three tests.
FDA officials said the change was based on new studies that suggest the old protocol can miss too many infections and result in people spreading the coronavirus, especially if they don’t develop symptoms.
___
Binkley reported from Washington. Associated Press Health Writer Matthew Perrone in Washington contributed to this report.
___
The Associated Press Health & Science Department receives support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Department of Science Education. The AP is solely responsible for all content.
Disney Reports Earnings Surge, Reduces Long-Term Forecast for Disney+ Subscribers
Walt Disney Co.
DIS 3.98%
reported a better-than-expected 26% jump in revenue Wednesday, driven by record results at its theme parks division and the addition of more new subscribers than projected to its flagship streaming video platform Disney+.
Disney’s results highlight the complex dynamics of the competitive streaming landscape. The company lowered its forecast for future Disney+ growth, raised the prices on its streaming offerings, outlined plans for a new ad-supported tier of Disney+ and said nearly all of the streaming service’s growth is coming from overseas.
The company’s earnings this quarter reflect the difficulties it and rivals, such as
Netflix Inc.,
face in attracting new customers domestically, where streaming options abound and many households use one or more services. Plus, in an increasingly difficult economic environment, some households are rethinking spending on in-home entertainment, industry analysts have said.
Chief Executive
Bob Chapek
said he didn’t think the price changes would result in any meaningful loss of streaming customers. “We believe that we’ve got plenty of price value room left to go,” Mr. Chapek said.
On the company’s call with analysts, Chief Financial Officer
Christine McCarthy
ratcheted down its forecast for Disney+, saying it now expects a total range of 215 million to 245 million subscribers by September 2024, in part because it lost the right to air popular Indian cricket competitions.
A few months ago, Mr. Chapek said the company’s previous target of 230 million to 260 million, set by the company in December 2020, was “very achievable.”
In the three-month period ended July 2, Disney+ gained 14.4 million new subscribers, bringing its global total to 152.1 million subscribers. Analysts were expecting 10 million additions, according to
FactSet.
Wednesday’s report brings Disney’s total subscriber base to 221.1 million customers across all of its streaming offerings, including ESPN+ and Hulu, surpassing Netflix, its chief streaming rival, in total customers. Netflix last month reported it had 220.67 million subscribers.
Disney shares rose about 7% in after-hours trading to $120.11.
Overall for the third quarter, the world’s largest entertainment company reported profits of $1.41 billion, or 77 cents a share, up from $918 million, or 50 cents a share, in the year-ago period. Revenue increased to $21.5 billion, above the average analyst estimate of $20.99 billion on FactSet.
Sales at the parks, experiences and products division—which includes Disneyland, Walt Disney World and four resorts in Europe and Asia and has historically been Disney’s most profitable segment—reached $7.4 billion for the quarter, a record, and was up 70% from a year earlier. The division posted profits of $2.2 billion for the quarter, up from $356 million a year ago.
“Demand has not abated” at the parks, Ms. McCarthy said. Since reopening in 2021 after pandemic-related closures, Disney’s theme parks haven’t been running at full capacity, but a new online reservations system and ride-reservation apps have helped the company better respond to demand and generate more revenue per visitor.
Over the past year, CEO Bob Chapek and other top Disney executives have signaled an increased focus on international markets for growing its streaming business.
Photo:
Laurent Viteur/Getty Images
Ms. McCarthy said that if economic conditions worsen, Disney could tweak the reservation system to allow more visitors in on certain days, but as of now, demand is outstripping available spots.
Disney’s direct-to-consumer segment, which includes video streaming, lost $1.1 billion in the third quarter, widening from a loss of $293 million a year earlier. Since Disney+ launched in late 2019, the segment has lost more than $7 billion. On Wednesday, Ms. McCarthy said Disney’s estimate for overall spending on content for fiscal 2022 had fallen slightly, from $32 billion to $30 billion.
Disney gave a launch date of Dec. 8 and outlined pricing information for its previously announced ad-supported tier of Disney+ in the U.S., a new product designed to expand the reach of the company’s streaming business.
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The price of the ad-free stand-alone Disney+ service will rise from its current level of $7.99 a month in the U.S. to $10.99 a month, or $109.99 a year. The new, basic Disney+ service with ads will cost $7.99 a month.
The premium Disney streaming bundle, which includes ad-free versions of Disney+ and Hulu, as well as a version of sports-focused ESPN+ with ads, will remain at its current price of $19.99 a month in the U.S., while a bundle that includes all three services, but with ads on Hulu, will rise in price by $1 a month, to $14.99.
Mr. Chapek defended the price increases, saying that when it was launched, Disney+ was among the most competitively-priced streaming offerings and that the company has added more and higher-quality content to the service.
“I think it’s easy to say that we’re the best value in streaming,” Mr. Chapek said Wednesday.
Over the past year, Mr. Chapek and other top Disney executives have signaled an increased focus on international markets for growing its streaming business. Disney is spending heavily to produce hundreds of local-language television shows in countries such as India, and over the summer, Disney+ launched in 53 new countries and territories, mainly concentrated in Eastern Europe, the Middle East and North Africa.
Pricing for a Disney+ subscription in many of these new markets runs below the $7.99 a month that American customers pay. Still, Disney+’s average monthly revenue per paid subscriber—a key metric in streaming businesses—stood at $6.27 in North America, compared with $6.29 internationally, excluding Asia’s more inexpensive Disney+ Hotstar service.
Disney+ Hotstar, the service used by Disney’s 58.4 million subscribers in India, produces just $1.20 a month per user. Some analysts and former Disney executives predict that losing cricket streaming rights will result in millions of canceled accounts over the next year.
The flagging growth of North American Disney+ subscriptions is likely the result of a glut of content being released by in movie theaters and on a proliferation of streaming services, as well as fatigue the Star Wars and Marvel superhero movie franchises, said Francisco Olivera, a Disney shareholder who manages a small family fund based in Puerto Rico that has about 15% of its holdings in Disney stock.
The addition of an ad-supported tier, higher prices and possible further integration of the Hulu service in the future, could help reduce subscriber churn and make it easier to achieve profitability, he said.
“It’s a healthier market right now with the parks recovering, so they’re really flexing their muscles on pricing,” Mr. Olivera said.
—Sarah Krouse contributed to this article.
Write to Robbie Whelan at Robbie.Whelan@wsj.com
Corrections & Amplifications
Disney+ launched in 53 new countries and territories over the summer. An earlier version of this article incorrectly said it launched in 54. (Corrected on Aug. 10)
Write to Robbie Whelan at robbie.whelan@wsj.com
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Tesla shareholders broadly follow board recommendations at annual meeting
Aug 4 (Reuters) – Tesla Inc (TSLA.O) shareholders voted for board recommendations on most issues at the company’s annual meeting on Thursday, including re-electing directors, approving a stock split, while rejecting proposals focused on environment and governance.
Votes on three of the 13 proposals did not follow board recommendations, according to preliminary tallies presented at the annual shareholder meeting in Austin, Texas.
Over board opposition, shareholders passed an advisory proposal that would increase investors’ ability to nominate directors.
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Two board proposals – cutting directors’ terms to two years and eliminating supermajority requirements – did not receive supermajorities necessary to pass.
Dressed in black, Chief Executive Elon Musk heavily influenced the voting and spoke to an enthusiastic crowd after the vote. He owns 15.6% of Tesla, according to Refinitiv data, after selling millions of shares last year. read more
Investors approved a three-for-one stock split. While a split does not affect a company’s fundamentals, it could buoy the share price by making it easier for investors to own the stock.
Shareholder proposals that failed included ones arguing for endorsing the right of employees to form a union, asking the company to report its efforts in preventing racial discrimination and sexual harassment annually, as well as reporting on water risk.
A proposal asking directors to enable large and long-term stockholders or groups with at least 3% of the shares to nominate directors, cleared objections from the board. The board had earlier said a proposal like this could create opportunities for special interests to skew Tesla plans.
Musk said the company aimed to hit a production run rate of 2 million vehicles per year by the end of 2022 and would continue building factories.
Tesla has factories in California and Shanghai and is ramping up two more in Austin, Texas and Berlin. Musk said Tesla might be able to announce an additional factory this year and he expected eventually to have 10-12 so-called gigafactories.
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Reporting by Ankur Banerjee and Akash Sriram in Bengaluru; additional reporting by Peter Henderson in Oakland and Kevin Krolicki in Detroit; Editing by Anil D’Silva
Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.
CDC expected to ease Covid-19 recommendations, including for schools, as soon as this week
A preview of the plans obtained by CNN shows that the updated recommendations are expected to ease quarantine recommendations for people exposed to the virus and de-emphasize 6 feet of social distancing.
The agency is also expected to de-emphasize regular screening testing for Covid-19 in schools as a way to monitor the spread of the virus, according to sources who were briefed on the agency’s plans but were not authorized to speak to a reporter. Instead, it says it may be more useful to base testing on Covid-19 community levels and whether settings are higher-risk, such as nursing homes or prisons.
The changes, which may be publicly released as early as this week, were previewed to educators and public health officials. They are still being deliberated and are not final.
In a statement to CNN, the agency said, “The CDC is always evaluating our guidance as science changes and will update the public as it occurs.”
As part of the expected changes, the CDC would also soon remove a recommendation that students exposed to Covid-19 take regular tests to stay in the classroom. The strategy, called “test to stay,” was recommended by the agency in December, during the first Omicron wave, to keep unvaccinated kids who were exposed but didn’t have symptoms in the classroom instead of quarantining at home.
Test-to-stay was resource-intensive for schools, and some districts had voiced concerns about having enough money to continue, one source said.
In schools and beyond, the agency will no longer recommend staying at least 6 feet away from other people as a protective measure. Instead, the new guidelines aim to help people understand which kinds of settings are riskier than others because of things like poor ventilation, crowds and personal characteristics like age and underlying health.
The CDC is also set to ease quarantine requirements for people who are unvaccinated or who are not up to date on their Covid-19 vaccines. Currently, the agency recommends that people who aren’t up to date on their shots stay at home for at least five days after close contact with someone who tests positive for Covid-19. Going forward, they won’t have to stay at home but should wear a mask and test at least five days after exposure.
People who are sick with Covid-19 should still isolate, the agency is expected to say.
The agency also plans to re-emphasize the importance of building ventilation as a way to help stop the spread of many respiratory diseases, not just Covid-19. It plans to encourage schools to do more to clean and refresh their indoor air.
Sources say the tweaks reflect both shifting public sentiment toward the pandemic — many Americans have stopped wearing masks or social distancing — and a high level of underlying immunity in the population. Screening of blood samples suggests that as December, 95% of Americans have had Covid-19 or been vaccinated against it, reducing the chances of becoming severely ill or dying if they get it again.
The CDC’s recommendations are not legally binding. Many cities, states and school districts will review them but may ultimately follow different strategies.
One example of this is masks in schools.
More than 200 million people — about 60% of the total population — live in a county with a “high Covid-19 community level” where the CDC warns of a risk of strain on the health care system and recommends universal indoor masking.
Yet most schools have kept masks optional for students this year. Among the top 500 K-12 school districts, based on enrollment, about 98% do not require masks, according to the data company Burbio’s school policy tracker.
Still, the agency’s guidance continues to be important as a baseline. When cities or states try to go beyond what the CDC recommends, they may face pushback.
Roku Swings to Second-Quarter Loss on Slower Ad Spending
Roku Inc.
ROKU -2.01%
said it expected two of its main revenue drivers—advertising and sales of streaming hardware—to come under further pressure during the second half of the year, sending the company’s shares down 25% in after-hours trading.
“We are in an economic environment defined by recessionary fears, inflationary pressures, rising interest rates, and ongoing supply chain disruptions,” the company said in a letter to investors Thursday in which it announced its second-quarter results. It forecast that ad spending would continue to be negatively affected as a result. “We also believe that consumer discretionary spend will continue to moderate, pressuring both Roku TV and Roku player sales.”
The company said it expected to make $700 million in revenue during the third quarter, below analysts’ expectations of $898.3 million. Roku also withdrew its full-year revenue growth rate estimate, citing uncertainty and volatility in the macro environment.
San Jose, Calif.-based Roku is the nation’s largest maker of streaming hardware—accounting for about 37% of the U.S. market, according to Parks Associates—but it derives most of its revenue from advertising: It sells all ads viewed on The Roku Channel, its own streaming service, and also sells some ads that appear on other streaming services viewed on Roku devices.
In the second quarter, the company swung to a loss of $112.3 million, or a loss of 82 cents a share, compared with a profit of $73.5 million, or 52 cents a share, a year earlier. Analysts polled by FactSet expected a loss of 71 cents a share.
Supply-chain issues are pushing up prices for Roku’s component parts, the company said. Roku said it was absorbing the higher costs to insulate customers from price increases, which resulted in a negative gross margin of 24% for its players.
Roku’s stock has had a rough 2022 so far. Even before Thursday’s after-hours plunge, its shares were down 63% since the start of the year.
Revenue rose 18% to $764.4 million. Of that, $673.2 million came from platform revenue—which includes revenue from advertisers and content publishers—while player revenue accounted for $91.2 million.
Roku Chief Executive
Anthony Wood
described the ad-market upheaval as cyclical. “We’re in an economic cycle where advertising is trending down. It’ll turn around,” he said during a call with analysts Thursday. He also said Roku was the beneficiary of some of that upheaval, because some advertisers were shifting more ad dollars away from traditional TV and toward streaming services, helping Roku grow its market share.
During the second quarter, advertisers in the automotive and consumer-packaged-goods industries reduced their spending on traditional TV, but increased their spending on Roku by a double-digit percentage, said Alison Levin, Roku’s vice president for ad sales and strategy, during a call with journalists before the earnings call.
Roku will soon face competition for streaming ad dollars from two major competitors: streaming services
Netflix
and
Disney
+ are planning to begin selling ads. Mr. Wood said he believed the new entrants to the market would complement Roku by making streaming ads an even greater draw for advertisers.
“With companies like Netflix and Disney moving into ads, it makes streaming ads even more mainstream,” he said.
Write to Patience Haggin at patience.haggin@wsj.com and Denny Jacob at denny.jacob@wsj.com
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Interim Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices for Use of Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccines in Children Aged 6 Months–5 Years — United States, June 2022
Recommendations for the Use of the Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine in Children Aged 6 Months–5 Years and the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine in Children Aged 6 Months–4 Years
Data reviewed with the EtR Framework supported the use of COVID-19 vaccine in children aged 6 months–5 years. COVID-19 is a major public health problem among young children. As of June 12, 2022, approximately 2 million COVID-19 cases, 20,000 hospitalizations, and 200 deaths from COVID-19 have been reported among U.S. children aged 6 months–4 years (7,8). The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant emerged in the United States in December 2021 and led to the highest COVID-19 incidence, rates of COVID-19–associated emergency department visits and COVID-19–associated hospitalization among children aged 6 months–4 years yet seen during the pandemic (9). Approximately one half (51%–54%) of children aged 6 months–4 years with a COVID-19–associated hospitalization had no underlying health conditions, highlighting the risk for severe COVID-19 even among young children without underlying health conditions (9). During the period of Omicron predominance, illness among children aged 6 months–4 years with COVID-19–associated hospitalizations was as severe or more severe than that among children and adolescents aged 5–17 years, who were eligible for COVID-19 vaccination during that period (9). Furthermore, COVID-19 hospitalization rates among children aged 6 months–4 years during October 2021–April 2022 were as high or higher than were influenza-associated hospitalization rates during the 2017–18, 2018–19, and 2019–20 influenza seasons (10).
SARS-CoV-2 can also lead to complications after acute infection. MIS-C is a severe illness in persons aged <21 years that occurs 2–6 weeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection and is characterized by fever, multisystem organ involvement, and laboratory evidence of inflammation (11). As of May 31, 2022, CDC has received 8,525 reports of cases of MIS-C in the United States, including 69 deaths (12); children aged 6 months–4 years account for 1,990 (23%) of these cases and 9 (13%) of the deaths among MIS-C cases (9). Post–COVID-19 conditions, which include a range of new, returning, or ongoing, health problems occurring ≥4 weeks after acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, also occur in children, including those aged <5 years (13–15). However, evidence regarding the prevalence and spectrum of these conditions in children, especially young children, is limited by the inability of younger children to verbalize symptoms, few studies that include children, lack of appropriate control groups, and because symptoms similar to those seen in post–COVID-19 conditions are frequently reported among children without known SARS-CoV-2 infection (13,14,16).
The pandemic has also had additional indirect effects on children and families, including missed routine childhood immunizations and health care visits; worsening of children’s social, emotional, and mental well-being; and disruptions in early child care and education programs (17–19). In a survey conducted during July 15–August 2, 2021, 39% of parents reported that an adult in their household either left a job or changed work schedules to care for children during the past year; parents of a child aged <5 years, Black and African American parents, Hispanic or Latino parents, and parents with an annual household income of <$40,000 were most likely to report household job disruptions (20). COVID-19 vaccination in this age group may provide parents with increased confidence to return to prepandemic activities, improving social interactions in young children.
Implementation of these recommendations will require educating vaccine providers about the correct age-appropriate product (Table 1) and vaccination schedule (Table 2) for each vaccine, to avoid vaccine administration errors. ACIP determined that use of the Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccines among children is a reasonable and efficient allocation of resources. To expand COVID-19 vaccine access, additional considerations should be given to demographic groups that have experienced disproportionate COVID-19 morbidity and mortality, as well as those with barriers to routine health care (e.g., members of certain racial and ethnic groups and those living in a rural area, experiencing homelessness, or lacking health insurance). Children from racial and ethnic minority groups have experienced a disproportionately high incidence of COVID-19, associated hospitalization, and MIS-C (7,12,21). Pediatricians and health care providers remain the most trusted source among parents for information about COVID-19 vaccines for children (22). Based on the National Immunization Survey-Child COVID Module interviews conducted in May 2022, 33.5% of parents said they would definitely vaccinate their child aged 6 months–4 years for COVID-19, once eligible, and 19.6% said they would probably vaccinate their child aged 6 months–4 years (7). Thus, pediatricians and other primary care providers who care for children will be critical to increasing COVID-19 vaccine confidence among parents and coverage with COVID-19 vaccine among young children.
ACIP reviewed the balance of known and potential benefits and risks regarding the use of the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine in children aged 6 months–5 years and Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine in children aged 6 months–4 years, each compared with no vaccine. Both vaccines demonstrated ability to prevent COVID-19 and met noninferiority criteria based on immunobridging data. Although both the Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine trials were conducted when Omicron was the predominant circulating SARS-CoV-2 variant, case accrual after the final dose occurred in different months, resulting in differences in COVID-19 incidence across the trials. Thus, efficacy estimates cannot be directly compared between these two vaccines. Moreover, vaccine efficacy from these trials should be interpreted in the context of what is known about vaccine effectiveness against Omicron infection. Postauthorization observational studies in persons aged ≥5 years have demonstrated that the vaccine effectiveness against Omicron infection is lower than that observed against earlier SARS-CoV-2 variants (23,24). However, postauthorization observational data also indicate that mRNA vaccine effectiveness is higher, even during Omicron predominance, against hospitalization (68% a median of 37 days after the second dose in children aged 5–11 years) than against infection (40% during the 2 months after the second dose in children aged 5–11 years) (25). Importantly, during Omicron predominance, mRNA vaccine effectiveness against MIS-C remained high (78%) among children aged 5–11 years (25). The clinical trials were not powered to detect efficacy against severe disease in young children, but similar patterns are expected in this age group to what has been observed in persons aged ≥5 years.
ACIP also considered evidence from known and potential harms from COVID-19 vaccines. Myocarditis and pericarditis are rare adverse events that have been reported after receipt of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines (26,27). Among vaccine recipients aged ≥5 years, the observed risk for myocarditis is highest among males aged 12–39 years (26,28,29). Cases of myocarditis among children aged 5–11 years after Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccination have been rarely reported, primarily in boys and after dose 2 (28,29). To date, monitoring in CDC’s Vaccine Safety Datalink have not detected an increased risk for myocarditis and pericarditis in children aged 5–11 years (29). No cases of myocarditis occurred among 7,804 children aged 6 months–5 years in the Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials who received an mRNA vaccine and had ≥7 days of follow-up, although the trials were not adequately powered to detect rare adverse events. Postauthorization safety monitoring, including monitoring for myocarditis and pericarditis after mRNA COVID-19 vaccination, is conducted through multiple national safety surveillance systems.
ACIP determined that the benefits of COVID-19 vaccination outweigh the known and potential risks, even in the setting of high seroprevalence among young children; by April 2022, in a national sample of children aged 6 months–4 years, 71% had infection-induced SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (9). Past infection with SARS-CoV-2 provides some protection against reinfection, but the immune response to infection can vary, especially by disease severity, and might not provide broad protection against all SARS-CoV-2 variants (30). The Omicron-wave surges of pediatric COVID-19 hospitalizations occurred even in the setting of high seroprevalence, suggesting this alone is not sufficient to provide broad population-level protection. Vaccination in previously infected persons enhances protection against reinfection (30–32) and COVID-19–associated hospitalization, including infections and hospitalizations due to the Omicron variant (32,33). No concerns have been identified in postauthorization safety surveillance associated with vaccination of seropositive persons aged ≥5 years. After assessing the balance of benefits and risks for COVID-19 vaccination, ACIP made an interim recommendation for vaccination with the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine for children aged 6 months–5 years as a 2-dose primary series as authorized under the EUA and an interim recommendation for vaccination with the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine for children aged 6 months–4 years as a 3-dose primary series as authorized under the EUA. ACIP does not state a product preference between the two recommended vaccines for children aged 6 months–5 years; children may receive any ACIP-recommended COVID-19 vaccine and are encouraged to receive the earliest vaccine available to them. Once a primary series is started, the same mRNA vaccine product should be used for all doses in the series.
The GRADE evidence profiles, which provide details on the identification and assessment of relevant evidence, are available for the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine at https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/acip/recs/grade/covid-19-moderna-vaccine-6-months-5-years.html and for the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine at https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/acip/recs/grade/covid-19-pfizer-biontech-vaccine-6-months-4-years.html. The EtR supporting evidence for both the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine and the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine is available at https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/acip/recs/grade/covid-19-moderna-pfizer-children-vaccine-etr.html. Additional clinical considerations, including recommendations for children who are moderately or severely immunocompromised, are available at https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/clinical-considerations/covid-19-vaccines-us.html.
These interim recommendations and clinical considerations are based on use of the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine under an EUA and on the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine under an EUA and might change as more evidence becomes available. COVID-19 vaccines must be administered according to applicable state and territorial vaccination laws. Before vaccination, the EUA Fact Sheet (available at https://www.fda.gov/media/159309/download for the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine and https://www.fda.gov/media/159313/download for the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine) should be provided to parents or guardians. ACIP will continue to review additional data as they become available; updates to recommendations or clinical considerations will be posted on the ACIP website (https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/acip-recs/vacc-specific/covid-19.html).
YouTube Music recommendations appear in Quick Settings
In recent days, YouTube Music has more widely rolled out support for Android 12’s media recommendations feature that prominently surfaces recent albums and playlists to start immediate playback.
These media recommendations automatically appear after connecting an audio device, like headphones or other speaker systems, over Bluetooth. The app icon and name is in the top-left corner as you get three recently played works from YouTube Music towards the right. Opening Quick Settings gives you six in total, while the compact card can also show up on the lockscreen.
A tap immediately starts playback in the background by switching you to Now Playing controls and keeping you in Quick Settings. These media recommendations will remain for a few minutes and you can swipe to access them again, though they now appear after playback controls, and start a different track.
It’s visually reminiscent to the redesigned “Listen again” shelf and Material You widget. The recommendations can be disabled from Settings app > Sound & vibration > Media and toggling off “Show media recommendations.”
As of today, these YouTube Music recommendations are appearing pretty consistently after connecting headphones on Android 12 (Pixel 6 Pro on June security patch). They are showing up much more widely for Google’s streaming service than in the past, while some Spotify users have also seen them. The card will presumably appear in full height on Android 13, where we haven’t gotten it to work yet.
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