Tag Archives: effects

XSlim Keto ACV Gummies Review – (New Details Emerge) X Slim Keto ACV Gummies Safe Ingredients or Side Effects? – Deccan Herald

  1. XSlim Keto ACV Gummies Review – (New Details Emerge) X Slim Keto ACV Gummies Safe Ingredients or Side Effects? Deccan Herald
  2. Keto Bites ACV Gummies Reviews Is It Legit Read Keto Bites Gummies Price Results Side Effects | Before Buying! mid-day.com
  3. Gold Coast Keto Gummies UK [Hidden Truth Exposed] Gold Coast Keto UK Holland and Barrett Review UK Deccan Herald
  4. Keto Bites Gummies Reviews EXPOSED SCAM Must You Need to Know mid-day.com
  5. Gold Coast Keto Gummies UK [2023 Fraudulent Warning] Does Keto Gummies United Kingdom Really Work? Truth Exposed 2023 mid-day.com
  6. View Full Coverage on Google News

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New study warns against side effects of taking paracetamol for back pain – Indiatimes.com

  1. New study warns against side effects of taking paracetamol for back pain Indiatimes.com
  2. Study finds lack of high certainty evidence on the efficacy and safety of analgesics for low back pain News-Medical.Net
  3. GPs should be cautious about prescribing painkillers for lower back pain Pulse
  4. Comparative effectiveness and safety of analgesic medicines for adults with acute non-specific low back pain: systematic review and network meta-analysis The BMJ
  5. Warning as taking painkillers for sore back may cause ‘unpleasant’ side effects Daily Record
  6. View Full Coverage on Google News

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The safety profile and the actual known adverse effects of COVID-19 vaccines in at-risk and healthy individuals – News-Medical.Net

  1. The safety profile and the actual known adverse effects of COVID-19 vaccines in at-risk and healthy individuals News-Medical.Net
  2. Hearing About COVID-19-Related Experiences Increases Vaccination Rates | Weather.com The Weather Channel
  3. COVID-19 is a leading cause of death among children, but that doesn’t stop some of my colleagues from arguing against vaccinating them Science Based Medicine
  4. The nature of the immune responses induced by various COVID-19 vaccines developed using different platforms and formulations News-Medical.Net
  5. View Full Coverage on Google News

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What it’s like to take the blockbuster drugs Ozempic and Wegovy, from severe side effects to losing 50 pounds

For the two months Carey Yazeed took Ozempic, the drug worked as intended. Yazeed has type 2 diabetes, and the weekly injection lowered her blood sugar levels. But it also brought side effects she considered unbearable, including vomiting, fatigue, headaches and stomach cramps.

Five weeks into taking the medication, Yazeed said, she found herself unable to move off the bathroom floor.

“I had vomited so much that I didn’t have the energy to get up and I was basically lying in it,” she said. “I couldn’t even raise my head to vomit in the commode. It was so bad.”

Dr. Carey Yazeed. (Courtesy Carey Yazeed.)

The severe effects Yazeed faced aren’t common, but people’s experiences taking Ozempic and its sister drug, Wegovy, can vary widely — from substantial weight loss and minimal discomfort on one end of the spectrum to extreme effects on the other.

NBC News spoke to 10 people about their experiences taking these blockbuster drugs, both of which are forms of semaglutide. They’re designed to mimic a hormone that signals to the brain when a person is full and promotes the release of insulin, a hormone that stops blood sugar from getting too high. In turn, the medications can lower blood sugar levels and suppress appetites.

They have soared in popularity over the last year, in part from social media attention and billionaires like Elon Musk touting the drugs’ weight loss effects.

Prescriptions for Ozempic tripled from 2021 to 2022, according to data from the prescription drug discount company SingleCare, which has more than 5 million members. Last year, high demand and global supply constraints gave rise to shortages of the medications. The FDA reported a Wegovy shortage in March 2022, followed by an Ozempic shortage in August.

Several people interviewed said the benefits they got from the drugs outweighed the side effects.

“It just feels lighter moving around. My clothes fit so much better and more comfortably,” said Stacey Bollinger, an account director in Maryland, who reported losing 52 pounds since starting Wegovy. “Something as simple as bending over to tie my shoe is so much easier.”

Stacey Bollinger. (Courtesy Stacey Bollinger)

Some people said they felt fine on the medications. But Yazeed and a couple of others described side effects that forced them to stop taking the drugs or question whether they could stay on them long term.

Obesity medicine experts who prescribe Ozempic and Wegovy said the drugs can transform patients’ lives and health. The weight loss effects can enable patients to do activities they couldn’t do previously, like chase after grandchildren or find clothes that fit at mainstream stores. Semaglutide can also address health issues linked to obesity and diabetes, such as an elevated risk of heart attacks or stroke.

“By treating obesity, you’re effectively potentially treating over 200 other obesity-related or weight-related diseases,” said Dr. Ania Jastreboff, an associate professor of medicine at the Yale School of Medicine. Jastreboff serves on the scientific advisory board of Novo Nordisk, which makes Ozempic and Wegovy.

Accounts of dramatic weight loss

The Food and Drug Administration approved Ozempic for people with type 2 diabetes in 2017, then Wegovy — the same drug, which goes up to higher dosage — in 2021 for weight loss in adults with obesity or those who are overweight and have least one weight-related health condition, such as high blood pressure or cholesterol. Ozempic is not approved for weight loss, but doctors sometimes prescribe it off-label for that purpose.

Most people who took Ozempic or Wegovy said it curbed their hunger and reduced cravings for unhealthy food. Bollinger and Randi Lee Harper, a software developer in the Seattle area, each reported losing more than 50 pounds.

Harper took Ozempic off-label for weight loss from May until November (she paused while moving to Washington state but plans to start again). She said she still enjoyed her favorite foods — like truffle mac n’ cheese and Sour Patch Kids candy — but her portions were smaller.

“You don’t realize how much your life is centered around food when you’re overweight until you’re on a diet that just lets you not think about it so much, like on Ozempic,” Harper said.

For the most part, she added, she reacted well to the medication, though sometimes she burped if she ate too much — a fairly common side effect.

As for Bollinger, she said that in addition to her weight loss, her average blood sugar levels have dropped to a point where she’s no longer pre-diabetic.

A study of more than 1,000 people with type 2 diabetes found that semaglutide was more effective than insulin at lowering blood sugar. The participants had not seen results from other antidiabetic drugs, which they continued to take during the trial. In another study of nearly 2,000 overweight or obese adults without diabetes, people taking semaglutide lost an average of 34 pounds in less than 16 weeks, compared to 6 pounds among those receiving a placebo.

Dr. C. Nicole Swiner, a family medicine doctor in Durham, North Carolina, said she started taking Wegovy in 2021 after seeing how much it helped her patients. She has lost 30 pounds since then, she said.

“Because I’m not starving, I can actually stop and make a smarter decision [rather] than, ‘Oh my God, I’m ravenous. Let me grab whatever’s in the office kitchen,’ which is usually junk,” Swiner said.

C. Nicole Swiner. (Chris Charles)

On Wegovy, she added, she eats less overall and has swapped sugary treats like cookies or muffins for healthier alternatives like yogurt or fruit.

For Yazeed, weight loss was not the reason she went on Ozempic, nor was it a goal. But on the drug, she said, she had to force herself to eat and often couldn’t stomach anything beyond a protein shake in the morning. On a good day, she might also tolerate some chicken broth.

She lost 10 pounds in two months, going from a size 12 to an 8 or 10.

Patients who stop taking the drugs often regain weight

Like many drugs, the effects of semaglutide stop when patients go off of it, so some people regain weight. Experts said they consider Ozempic and Wegovy to be lifelong medications.

“Data from our clinical trials for Wegovy showed that, not unexpectedly, patients experience weight regain once they stop taking the medication,” Novo Nordisk told NBC News in a statement.

“This supports the belief that obesity is a chronic disease that requires long-term management, much like high blood pressure or high cholesterol, for which most patients remain on therapy long term,” the company added.

Ebony Wiggins, who has type 2 diabetes, said she has gained back about 15 pounds of the 25 she lost last year while taking Ozempic.

Artemis Bayandor, who lives in Naperville, Illinois, said she weighs more now than when she took Wegovy: Within one month of stopping the medication, she gained back the 15 pounds she had lost on the drug, she said, plus an extra 10 over the next six months.

“For the first week I was OK, and for the second week I went right back to all of the cravings, but worse,” Bayandor said.

Side effects put some people off the medications

Courtney Hamilton didn’t made it more than a month on Ozempic, which her doctor prescribed off-label because Hamilton has type 1 diabetes, not type 2.

Her nausea got so bad that she could barely eat, Hamilton said, and the foods she could tolerate weren’t particularly healthy.

“Ironically, it made me stick to very starchy, carby foods like potatoes because they’re very bland. I ate a lot of that and a lot of plain toast,” she said.

People typically start with a low dose of Ozempic or Wegovy, then ramp up to reduce side effects. Dr. Fatima Cody Stanford, an assistant professor of medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital, said some severe effects may be the result of raising that dosage too quickly.

“If the patient’s saying, ‘Oh gosh, I’m sick. I can’t even go to work, I’m vomiting all day,’ it’s probably the dose is just not an appropriate dose for them,” Stanford said.

In clinical trials, 73% of adults taking the highest dose of Wegovy reported gastrointestinal issues. Nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, constipation and stomach pain are most common. Some people have reported more serious, albeit rare, side effects like pancreatitis and kidney failure.

Novo Nordisk said patients experiencing nausea as a side effect should contact their health care provider for guidance about ways to manage it.

Jastreboff said she encourages her patients to consume smaller, more frequent meals, not eat past the point of fullness, and monitor which foods exacerbate their symptoms. Most side effects occur as people are increasing their dosage, then subside once they reach the maintenance phase, she added.

Megan Cornelius, who has been taking Ozempic off-label for type 1 diabetes for several years, said she was nauseous and fatigued at first but those effects faded over time.

“As long as I can continue to take it, I probably will,” Cornelius said.

Eric Joiner Jr. (Cortesía de Eric Joiner Jr.)

For Eric Joiner Jr., a former type 2 diabetic, Ozempic hasn’t done anything beyond its intended effect: improve his kidney function — an off-label application of the drug. Joiner developed chronic kidney disease as a byproduct of his diabetes.

He hasn’t experienced side effects or weight loss from Ozempic, he said, but he recognizes that isn’t true for everyone.

“At the end of the day, it’s a very personal thing,” he said. “Your biology is different than mine.”

This story originally appeared on NBCNews.com.

This article was originally published on TODAY.com

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A Drug That Increases Dopamine Can Reverse the Effects of Inflammation on the Brain in Depression

Summary: Levodopa, a drug commonly prescribed for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease that increases dopamine in the brain was found to reverse the effects of neuroinflammation on the reward system and improve symptoms associated with depression.

Source: Emory University

An Emory University study published in Molecular Psychiatry shows levodopa, a drug that increases dopamine in the brain, has potential to reverse the effects of inflammation on brain reward circuitry, ultimately improving symptoms of depression.

Numerous labs across the world have shown that inflammation causes reduced motivation and anhedonia, a core symptom of depression, by affecting the brain’s reward pathways.

Past research conducted by the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Emory University School of Medicine has linked the effects of inflammation on the brain to decreased release of dopamine, a chemical neurotransmitter that regulates motivation and motor activity, in the ventral striatum.

In the study, researchers demonstrated that levodopa reversed the effects of inflammation on the brain’s functional connectivity in reward circuitry and anhedonia (inability to feel pleasure) in depressed individuals with higher C-reactive protein (CRP), a blood biomarker produced and released by the liver in response to inflammation.

Levels of inflammation can be easily measured by simple blood tests, like CRP, readily available in clinics and hospitals throughout the U.S.

The study included 40 depressed patients with a range of CRP levels from high to low who underwent functional brain scans on two visits after receiving in random order either placebo or levodopa, a drug often prescribed for disorders like Parkinson’s disease.

Levodopa improved functional connectivity in a classic ventral striatum to ventromedial prefrontal cortex reward circuit but only in patients with higher levels of CRP. This improvement in reward circuitry in depressed individuals with higher CRP also correlated with reduced symptoms of anhedonia after levodopa.

Levels of inflammation can be easily measured by simple blood tests, like CRP, readily available in clinics and hospitals throughout the U.S. Image is in the public domain

“This research demonstrates the translational potential for use of inflammation-related deficits in functional connectivity and could have important implications for the future investigations of precision therapies for psychiatric patients with high inflammation,” says principal investigator and senior author Jennifer C. Felger, Ph.D., associate professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences, Emory School of Medicine.

Felger says the study findings are critical for two reasons. First, they suggest depressed patients with high inflammation may specifically respond to drugs that increase dopamine.

Second, Felger says these findings also provide additional evidence that functional connectivity in reward circuitry may serve as a reliable brain biomarker for the effects of inflammation on the brain.

“Moreover, as the effect of levodopa was specific to depressed patients with higher inflammation, this functional connectivity may be used to assess the responsiveness of the brain to novel treatments that might be targeted to this subtype of depressed patients in future studies and clinical trials,” says Felger.

About this psychopharmacology and depression research news

Author: Jennifer Johnson McEwen
Source: Emory University
Contact: Jennifer Johnson McEwen – Emory University
Image: The image is in the public domain

Original Research: Open access.
“Functional connectivity in reward circuitry and symptoms of anhedonia as therapeutic targets in depression with high inflammation: evidence from a dopamine challenge study” by Mandakh Bekhbat et al. Molecular Psychiatry


Abstract

See also

Functional connectivity in reward circuitry and symptoms of anhedonia as therapeutic targets in depression with high inflammation: evidence from a dopamine challenge study

Increased inflammation in major depressive disorder (MDD) has been associated with low functional connectivity (FC) in corticostriatal reward circuits and symptoms of anhedonia, relationships which may involve the impact of inflammation on synthesis and release of dopamine.

To test this hypothesis while establishing a platform to examine target engagement of potential therapies in patients with increased inflammation, medically stable unmedicated adult MDD outpatients enrolled to have a range of inflammation (as indexed by plasma C-reactive protein [CRP] levels) were studied at two visits involving acute challenge with the dopamine precursor levodopa (L-DOPA; 250 mg) and placebo (double-blind, randomized order ~1-week apart).

The primary outcome of resting-state (rs)FC in a classic ventral striatum to ventromedial prefrontal cortex reward circuit was calculated using a targeted, a priori approach.

Data available both pre- and post-challenge (n = 31/40) established stability of rsFC across visits and determined CRP > 2 mg/L as a cut-point for patients exhibiting positive FC responses (post minus pre) to L-DOPA versus placebo (p < 0.01).

Higher post-L-DOPA FC in patients with CRP > 2 mg/L was confirmed in all patients (n = 40) where rsFC data were available post-challenge (B = 0.15, p = 0.006), and in those with task-based (tb)FC during reward anticipation (B = 0.15, p = 0.013).

While effort-based motivation outside the scanner positively correlated with rsFC independent of treatment or CRP, change in anhedonia scores negatively correlated with rsFC after L-DOPA only in patients with CRP > 2 mg/L (r = -0.56, p = 0.012).

FC in reward circuitry should be further validated in larger samples as a biomarker of target engagement for potential treatments including dopaminergic agents in MDD patients with increased inflammation.

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Taking Ozempic? Here Are Side Effects You Should Know

The weight loss drug Ozempic rocketed into public consciousness last year, and a social media–fueled desire for the medication has led to shortages for patients with type 2 diabetes. 

Now, people are increasingly recognizing the medication’s side effects, which can include loose skin, which has become known as “Ozempic face.” 

“Any rapid weight loss will decrease fat volume in many parts of the body, especially in the face, resulting in sagging tissue and skin,” said Dr. Lyle Leipziger, chief of plastic surgery at North Shore University Hospital and Long Island Jewish Medical Center. “Slow progressive weight loss may allow skin retraction of the face to occur, so it’s not as acutely damaging as rapid weight loss.” 

Recent articles in People and the New York Times note that the unwanted side effect can be fixed, but often with expensive fillers and cosmetic surgery.

“The goal of weight loss is to improve health,” said Dr. Vadim Sherman, medical director of bariatric and metabolic surgery at Houston Methodist Hospital. “You can reduce fat and weight, but the consequence is that the skin is already stretched.”

This may be the most visible effect, but it’s not the only one, and it’s certainly not the most serious potential consequence. People who are taking the drug can have issues including vomiting and pancreatitis, although side effects are generally rare. 

Most of the side effects were documented in clinical trials of people taking the drug for an approved purpose, said Dr. Latasha Seliby Perkins, a family physician in Washington, DC, and member of the American Academy of Family Physicians. We don’t necessarily know what happens in those who are taking these drugs because they want to lose a small amount of weight, which is not one of its FDA-approved uses. 

Ozempic (a brand name for semaglutide) was originally approved in 2017 to lower blood sugar in people with type 2 diabetes. But clinical trials soon revealed a helpful side effect: weight loss. This is especially important for people with type 2 diabetes, many of whom are medically considered overweight or obese. 

So in 2021, the Food and Drug Administration granted another approval, this time for weight loss but only in people with a body mass index of 27 or higher with at least one related health condition and those with a BMI of 30 or greater. The trade name of the drug was changed to Wegovy and higher maximum doses were approved. 

Both Wegovy and Ozempic belong to a class of medications known as GLP-1 agonists, which work in several ways, including suppressing the GLP-1 receptors in your brain to pull back your appetite. GLP stands for glucagon-like peptide-1, which is a hormone involved in blood sugar control. Other GLP-1 agonists include Rybelsus (semaglutide), Saxenda (liraglutide), and Mounjaro (tirzepatide). 

Drug shortages for people who really need it

The weight loss associated with Ozempic and related drugs has made them appealing to people who don’t have type 2 diabetes or meet other FDA criteria for using the drug. This has created a shortage for the people who need it most and who should be taking it: those with type 2 diabetes.

“When there’s a weight loss component to a drug, it’s beneficial for people who have type 2 diabetes,” Perkins said. Not necessarily for other folks. 

In the longer term, not having this medication could lead to kidney, heart, and eye disease and even death for those with type 2 diabetes, although there are other medications on the market that can be used to help lower blood sugar. “Diabetes can really affect people’s lives,” Perkins said. 

Recently, comedian Chelsea Handler said she didn’t even know the drug she was taking to lose 5 pounds was Ozempic. (She stopped using it when she realized she wasn’t a candidate for the medication.) 

This brings up an important point: You should know which drugs you are taking and read their package inserts, said Dr. Kelly Johnson-Arbor, a medical toxicologist and interim executive director of the National Capital Poison Center

For those who find the multiple folds and fine print intimidating, take heart. You only really need to scan the beginning, Johnson-Arbor said. 

“The first page is usually a good place for a general overview,” she said. At the very top is a box with any important health warnings (like cancer), then further on warnings and adverse reactions. 

Here are some of the side effects of Ozempic and drugs in the same class.

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain

Gastrointestinal symptoms are among the most common side effects of the GLP-1 agonists, Johnson-Arbor said. This isn’t surprising given that Ozempic, Wegovy, and other similar drugs act on various aspects of the digestive system. “Your GI tract is a bit more sensitive on this medication,” Perkins said.

In clinical trials, nausea occurred in 20% of people taking a 1 mg dose of Ozempic, 16% of people on a 0.5 mg dose, and 6% of people taking a placebo. Vomiting and diarrhea were less common but still occurred in about 9% of people on the 1 mg dose compared with 2% taking a placebo.

Diarrhea and vomiting can lead to another unwanted effect: dehydration. “When you’re vomiting, your body has to use some of its water source to get the food out,” Perkins explained. “The same thing with diarrhea.” 

Often these effects are mild, but they can cause people to discontinue the drug, Sherman said. The best gauge of how hydrated you are is your urine output — you should be going to the bathroom once every hour or two. If that slows to every third or fourth hour, call your doctor’s office for advice. Any less frequent than that, visit urgent care or an emergency room, Perkins said. And always hydrate.

For people on the 1 mg dose, 6% reported abdominal pain and 3% reported constipation.

Kidney damage

Sometimes dehydration from vomiting and nausea is so bad it can lead to kidney injury, Johnson-Arbor said. One patient taking Ozempic needed temporary dialysis after increasing his medication dose. Kidney function declined in two additional individuals taking Ozempic, although both had underlying kidney disease from long-standing diabetes, as did two others who were taking GLP-1 agonists.

“Kidneys do the job of filtering urine and taking things you need for [the] body,” Perkins explained. “You need water to flush through the kidneys. If you don’t have enough water, it starts causing damage.” 

Experts recommend that people with existing kidney disease be cautious when using GLP-1 agonists. If you are taking one of these medications and have severe and persistent nausea, vomiting, and other GI side effects, see a doctor. “It’s a good idea to have some labs done to see if something else is going on,” Johnson-Arbor said.

A racing heartbeat can be another consequence of dehydration, Perkins said. 

Pancreatitis

Several cases of acute pancreatitis have been reported in people taking GLP-1 agonists. Pancreatitis is an inflammation of the pancreas — the primary gland involved in insulin production. Symptoms include nausea and vomiting, fever, rapid heart rate, and a distended and painful belly, as well as yellow skin and eyes.

“If you have a history of pancreatitis, you might want to use caution when considering Ozempic, although it also has happened in people without a history,” Johnson-Arbor said. 

Possible risk of thyroid cancer 

Researchers have also seen a type of thyroid cancer called medullary thyroid carcinoma, but only in rodents given the drug. While it could be a risk in humans. The first GLP-1 agonist was only approved 20 years ago, so we don’t have a lot of data on long-term side effects, Johnson-Arbor said.

“People should be aware, this is a rare cancer that could take years to develop,” she continued. “Don’t take these drugs if you have a history of thyroid disease.” It’s also possible that this cancer is unique to rodents, which have a large number of GLP-1 agonists in their thyroids, she added.

Signs of thyroid tumors can be a lump in your throat, trouble swallowing, hoarse voice, or shortness of breath.

Gastroparesis

According to Johnson-Arbor, gastroparesis “is also called delayed gastric emptying.” She explained it’s a disorder that slows or stops the movement of food from your stomach to your small intestine even though there is no blockage in the stomach or intestines.

While this can also make you feel full, it’s more likely to cause nausea and vomiting, Sherman said, adding that it does appear that gastroparesis and other GI effects go away after you stop taking the medication. 

Read original article here

Taking Ozempic? Here Are Side Effects You Should Know

The weight loss drug Ozempic rocketed into public consciousness last year, and a social media–fueled desire for the medication has led to shortages for patients with type 2 diabetes. 

Now, people are increasingly recognizing the medication’s side effects, which can include loose skin, which has become known as “Ozempic face.” 

“Any rapid weight loss will decrease fat volume in many parts of the body, especially in the face, resulting in sagging tissue and skin,” said Dr. Lyle Leipziger, chief of plastic surgery at North Shore University Hospital and Long Island Jewish Medical Center. “Slow progressive weight loss may allow skin retraction of the face to occur, so it’s not as acutely damaging as rapid weight loss.” 

Recent articles in People and the New York Times note that the unwanted side effect can be fixed, but often with expensive fillers and cosmetic surgery.

“The goal of weight loss is to improve health,” said Dr. Vadim Sherman, medical director of bariatric and metabolic surgery at Houston Methodist Hospital. “You can reduce fat and weight, but the consequence is that the skin is already stretched.”

This may be the most visible effect, but it’s not the only one, and it’s certainly not the most serious potential consequence. People who are taking the drug can have issues including vomiting and pancreatitis, although side effects are generally rare. 

Most of the side effects were documented in clinical trials of people taking the drug for an approved purpose, said Dr. Latasha Seliby Perkins, a family physician in Washington, DC, and member of the American Academy of Family Physicians. We don’t necessarily know what happens in those who are taking these drugs because they want to lose a small amount of weight, which is not one of its FDA-approved uses. 

Ozempic (a brand name for semaglutide) was originally approved in 2017 to lower blood sugar in people with type 2 diabetes. But clinical trials soon revealed a helpful side effect: weight loss. This is especially important for people with type 2 diabetes, many of whom are medically considered overweight or obese. 

So in 2021, the Food and Drug Administration granted another approval, this time for weight loss but only in people with a body mass index of 27 or higher with at least one related health condition and those with a BMI of 30 or greater. The trade name of the drug was changed to Wegovy and higher maximum doses were approved. 

Both Wegovy and Ozempic belong to a class of medications known as GLP-1 agonists, which work in several ways, including suppressing the GLP-1 receptors in your brain to pull back your appetite. GLP stands for glucagon-like peptide-1, which is a hormone involved in blood sugar control. Other GLP-1 agonists include Rybelsus (semaglutide), Saxenda (liraglutide), and Mounjaro (tirzepatide). 

Drug shortages for people who really need it

The weight loss associated with Ozempic and related drugs has made them appealing to people who don’t have type 2 diabetes or meet other FDA criteria for using the drug. This has created a shortage for the people who need it most and who should be taking it: those with type 2 diabetes.

“When there’s a weight loss component to a drug, it’s beneficial for people who have type 2 diabetes,” Perkins said. Not necessarily for other folks. 

In the longer term, not having this medication could lead to kidney, heart, and eye disease and even death for those with type 2 diabetes, although there are other medications on the market that can be used to help lower blood sugar. “Diabetes can really affect people’s lives,” Perkins said. 

Recently, comedian Chelsea Handler said she didn’t even know the drug she was taking to lose 5 pounds was Ozempic. (She stopped using it when she realized she wasn’t a candidate for the medication.) 

This brings up an important point: You should know which drugs you are taking and read their package inserts, said Dr. Kelly Johnson-Arbor, a medical toxicologist and interim executive director of the National Capital Poison Center

For those who find the multiple folds and fine print intimidating, take heart. You only really need to scan the beginning, Johnson-Arbor said. 

“The first page is usually a good place for a general overview,” she said. At the very top is a box with any important health warnings (like cancer), then further on warnings and adverse reactions. 

Here are some of the side effects of Ozempic and drugs in the same class.

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain

Gastrointestinal symptoms are among the most common side effects of the GLP-1 agonists, Johnson-Arbor said. This isn’t surprising given that Ozempic, Wegovy, and other similar drugs act on various aspects of the digestive system. “Your GI tract is a bit more sensitive on this medication,” Perkins said.

In clinical trials, nausea occurred in 20% of people taking a 1 mg dose of Ozempic, 16% of people on a 0.5 mg dose, and 6% of people taking a placebo. Vomiting and diarrhea were less common but still occurred in about 9% of people on the 1 mg dose compared with 2% taking a placebo.

Diarrhea and vomiting can lead to another unwanted effect: dehydration. “When you’re vomiting, your body has to use some of its water source to get the food out,” Perkins explained. “The same thing with diarrhea.” 

Often these effects are mild, but they can cause people to discontinue the drug, Sherman said. The best gauge of how hydrated you are is your urine output — you should be going to the bathroom once every hour or two. If that slows to every third or fourth hour, call your doctor’s office for advice. Any less frequent than that, visit urgent care or an emergency room, Perkins said. And always hydrate.

For people on the 1 mg dose, 6% reported abdominal pain and 3% reported constipation.

Kidney damage

Sometimes dehydration from vomiting and nausea is so bad it can lead to kidney injury, Johnson-Arbor said. One patient taking Ozempic needed temporary dialysis after increasing his medication dose. Kidney function declined in two additional individuals taking Ozempic, although both had underlying kidney disease from long-standing diabetes, as did two others who were taking GLP-1 agonists.

“Kidneys do the job of filtering urine and taking things you need for [the] body,” Perkins explained. “You need water to flush through the kidneys. If you don’t have enough water, it starts causing damage.” 

Experts recommend that people with existing kidney disease be cautious when using GLP-1 agonists. If you are taking one of these medications and have severe and persistent nausea, vomiting, and other GI side effects, see a doctor. “It’s a good idea to have some labs done to see if something else is going on,” Johnson-Arbor said.

A racing heartbeat can be another consequence of dehydration, Perkins said. 

Pancreatitis

Several cases of acute pancreatitis have been reported in people taking GLP-1 agonists. Pancreatitis is an inflammation of the pancreas — the primary gland involved in insulin production. Symptoms include nausea and vomiting, fever, rapid heart rate, and a distended and painful belly, as well as yellow skin and eyes.

“If you have a history of pancreatitis, you might want to use caution when considering Ozempic, although it also has happened in people without a history,” Johnson-Arbor said. 

Possible risk of thyroid cancer 

Researchers have also seen a type of thyroid cancer called medullary thyroid carcinoma, but only in rodents given the drug. While it could be a risk in humans. The first GLP-1 agonist was only approved 20 years ago, so we don’t have a lot of data on long-term side effects, Johnson-Arbor said.

“People should be aware, this is a rare cancer that could take years to develop,” she continued. “Don’t take these drugs if you have a history of thyroid disease.” It’s also possible that this cancer is unique to rodents, which have a large number of GLP-1 agonists in their thyroids, she added.

Signs of thyroid tumors can be a lump in your throat, trouble swallowing, hoarse voice, or shortness of breath.

Gastroparesis

According to Johnson-Arbor, gastroparesis “is also called delayed gastric emptying.” She explained it’s a disorder that slows or stops the movement of food from your stomach to your small intestine even though there is no blockage in the stomach or intestines.

While this can also make you feel full, it’s more likely to cause nausea and vomiting, Sherman said, adding that it does appear that gastroparesis and other GI effects go away after you stop taking the medication. 

Read original article here

Elon Musk Reveals ‘Major Side Effects’ After 2nd COVID Booster

Elon Musk said he felt like he “was dying” after his second COVID-19 booster shot.

“I had major side effects from my second booster shot,” the new Twitter boss wrote in a social media post. “Felt like I was dying for several days. Hopefully, no permanent damage, but I don’t know.”

Musk didn’t provide medical records to back his claim. Neither did he say which company’s COVID booster he took.

The Epoch Times can’t verify his claim independently.

Moderna and Pfizer didn’t respond to requests for comments at the time when the article was published.

He took Johnson & Johnson’s COVID-19 vaccine and the first mRNA booster without side effects, Musk said.

Musk posted a string of Twitter posts in response to a post by Rasmussen Reports which is criticizing the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)’s narrative that major side effects after COVID vaccination are “rare.”

Americans Link COVID Vaccines to Mysterious Deaths

A new Rasmussen Reports poll, released on Jan. 2 and based on a representative sample of 1,000 American adults, shows that nearly half of Americans believe that the COVID-19 vaccines probably caused a “significant number of unexplained deaths,” while over a quarter said they personally know someone whose death may have been caused by vaccination side effects.

Pollsters asked people a series of questions, including whether they got the COVID-19 shot and how likely is it that the jab’s side effects “have caused a significant number of unexplained deaths.”

Forty-nine percent of the respondents said they think it’s “likely” that the COVID-19 vaccine’s side effects are responsible for a significant number of deaths that remain unexplained.

A large majority (71 percent) said they themselves have been vaccinated against COVID-19, with 38 percent of those believing that the vaccine side effects are at least somewhat likely responsible for unexplained deaths.

A nurse administers a COVID-19 vaccine booster to a person at a hospital in Hines, Ill., on April 1, 2022. (Scott Olson/Getty Images)

Among the 26 percent who said they haven’t been jabbed, 77 percent said it’s at least somewhat likely that the vaccination’s side effects caused significant numbers of mysterious deaths, the survey found.

Another question was whether people think there are “legitimate reasons” to be worried about the safety of COVID-19 vaccines, or whether people who are concerned about vaccine safety “are spreading conspiracy theories.”

Forty-eight percent of respondents said they think there are legitimate reasons to be concerned about COVID-19 vaccine safety, 37 percent think people who are worried about this issue are pushing conspiracy theories, and 15 percent aren’t sure.

Tom Ozimek contributed to this report.

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Exercise Helps Blunt the Effects of Covid-19, Study Suggests

People who exercise regularly had lower rates of hospitalization and death from Covid-19 in a study published recently in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 

Regular exercise improves overall health and healthier people generally have fewer serious complications with Covid-19 infections. Earlier research has shown an association between exercise and better Covid-19 outcomes. This latest study goes a step further and suggests that even people whose age or health conditions make them higher-risk have better outcomes if they are regular exercisers. 

Higher amounts of physical activity were associated with lower rates of death and hospitalizations from Covid across nearly all demographics, says Jim Sallis, a public health professor at the University of California San Diego and co-author of the study. A very active 70-year-old still had a higher risk of Covid-related complications than did a similarly active 40-year-old, but the exercisers in both groups had hospitalization rates lower than those who didn’t work out. 

The study used data from nearly 200,000 adult Covid-19 patients across the Kaiser Permanente network in Southern California. It asked patients to self-report the number of minutes of moderate exercise they did per week and analyzed the records of how many people in the study cohort were hospitalized, experienced deterioration, such as admission into an intensive-care unit, or died within 90 days of a Covid diagnosis. 

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“You don’t have to run, you don’t have to sweat, you don’t have to do anything except get up and go out for a walk,” Dr. Sallis says. “That’s what most people do, and we see how much protection they’re getting from that.”

The findings add to a growing body of evidence that physical activity provides several types of protection from severe illness. 

Exercise improves the body’s immune response by mobilizing and redistributing immune cells that can recognize and kill infected cells, says Richard Simpson, a professor at the University of Arizona whose research focuses on exercise immunology and who wasn’t involved with the Kaiser Permanente study. Without exercise, viruses have more time to replicate inside our bodies, which can result in more severe symptoms, he says. 

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Physical activity can also help reduce inflammation, the body’s natural immune response to damage or pathogens. Chronic inflammation has been linked to more severe Covid-19 outcomes, especially in the lungs. Cytokines, small messenger proteins that help regulate inflammation, are released during exercise.

The study data were collected from the beginning of the pandemic to May 2021, when vaccines were just starting to become more available and before more recent waves of Covid. However, the researchers believe the results of the study are still broadly applicable.

“Exercise is as effective as many of the drugs that we use and has no side effects,” says Jordan Metzl, a sports medicine physician in New York City who wasn’t involved with the study. “We want to get people taking it every day.”

Write to Alex Janin at alex.janin@wsj.com

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Carlos Correa’s Twins return: 10 domino effects from Minnesota’s big move

Carlos Correa’s unexpected return to Minnesota after $300 million-plus agreements with the Giants and Mets fell through is one of the biggest stories of the MLB offseason and the most shocking signing in Twins history (and we’ve treated it as such with wall-to-wall coverage).

But there are so many moving parts involved, and so many domino effects, that there is still plenty to explore and a lot of questions that will need answering. Here are 10 of them that are on my mind after attending Correa’s (re-)introductory press conference Wednesday at Target Field.


Too many shortstops?

Three of the Twins’ top five prospects are shortstops, so it’s natural to wonder if signing Correa to a long-term deal blocks Brooks Lee, Royce Lewis and Austin Martin. However, many top prospects start out as shortstops only to slide down the defensive spectrum as they get closer to the majors. Miguel Sanó was once a “shortstop prospect,” as were Brian Dozier and Trevor Plouffe.

It’s more often a starting point than a destination, as potential MLB shortstops are weeded out on the way to the big leagues. Some, like Nick Gordon, wind up in the outfield. Some, like Jorge Polanco, go to second base. Some, like Wander Javier, never reach the majors at all. Even among top-100 global prospects, half of “shortstop prospects” fail to become major-league shortstops.

As noted in my annual Twins top 40 prospects list, it’s hard to find an evaluator who believes Martin can stick at shortstop, and opinions about Lee doing so are mixed at best. Lewis has already played shortstop in the majors, but he was seen by some as relatively stretched there and he’s now rehabbing from back-to-back torn ACLs, putting his future at the position in further question.

Playing shortstop in the big leagues is incredibly difficult and the odds are often stacked against even the cream of the prospect crop, which is why legit, Gold Glove-caliber shortstops like Correa are so valuable. If a team gets a chance to lock in one of the league’s elite shortstops, they do it and worry about how the other pieces fit later. It’s one of those nice problems to have.

“I will take having more shortstops than we have spots every day of the week,” president of baseball operations Derek Falvey said. “That tends to lead to good outcomes over time in different spots on the team. If you can play shortstop, you can move around on the (infield). And you’re probably going to be pretty good at that.”

Third base futures

Eventually, of course, Correa will also likely change positions, probably to third base. That’s a very common career path for star shortstops in their 30s, with Cal Ripken Jr. being a prominent example. Correa actually agreed to switch to third base now, at age 28, as part of his deal with the Mets, who have four-time All-Star shortstop Francisco Lindor.

There are no such plans for the Twins because Correa was named MLB’s best-fielding shortstop in 2021 and was very solid there last season. However, if his range slips midway through the six-year contract, or during the four additional option years, Correa has already expressed a willingness to move to third base if it makes the Twins a better team.

“Prior to all of this, when we started the conversation at the beginning of the offseason and we made our initial proposal, we had already been talking about that a little bit,” Falvey said. “Just because you’re trying to crystal ball 10 years of a player’s career. Independent of health, we have always thought there’s the possibility of that. He profiles exceptionally well at third base on a lot of levels.”

These go to 11

And make no mistake, this contract is structured in an incredibly uncommon way that makes it very possible Correa will spend a full decade with the Twins. Six years are guaranteed, for a combined $200 million. And then there are four team options with decreasing salaries that can also automatically vest if Correa reaches playing-time thresholds or wins awards in the previous season.

For instance, in the deal’s first non-guaranteed year, 2029, the Twins hold a $25 million team option that vests with 575 plate appearances, a Silver Slugger win, a top-five MVP finish or postseason MVP wins. If any of those things happen in 2028, his 2029 salary becomes guaranteed at $25 million. And even if they don’t happen, the Twins can still choose to keep Correa for 2029 at that price.

It’s the same story for 2030, 2031 and 2032, except the salaries drop from $20 million to $15 million to $10 million, and the plate appearances fall from 550 to 525 to 502. It’s structured such that the Twins can hit eject any time after six years if Correa is injured or struggling, but they can also receive up to four more years of value at under-market salaries if he’s still performing well.

And, unlike Correa’s initial three-year, $105.3 million deal with the Twins last spring, there are zero opt-outs involved. He also receives a full no-trade clause. This is a contract specifically designed to make it as likely as possible for Correa to finish his career in Minnesota, and perhaps play as many as 11 total seasons in a Twins uniform. Of note: He spent seven seasons in Houston.

“We want him to finish his career as part of this organization,” Falvey said. “It’s structured that way. It’s built that way. One thing that was pretty clear, Carlos wasn’t hunting opt-outs for this conversation. He was sure about us. So that’s where the no-trade provision came in. He wants to be here. So that’s something that we wanted to find a way to make happen.”

Kyle Farmer’s fit

Kyle Farmer sat atop the Twins’ shortstop depth chart for almost two months after coming over from the Reds in a mid-November trade. He was acquired to be a capable but inexpensive placeholder, filling the position until Lewis’ likely midseason return or, as it turned out, the Twins re-signed Correa. Now that the Twins no longer need a placeholder shortstop, Farmer can shift to a utility role.

Farmer was Cincinnati’s primary shortstop the past two seasons, starting 213 total games there, but he also made 43 starts at third base and has experience at second base, first base and left field as well. He’s even played catcher as recently as 2019, so he can serve as an emergency option behind the plate. Matching last season’s 583 plate appearances is unlikely, but Farmer will have a sizable role.

Depth is understandably a priority for the Twins after last season’s never-ending injuries. Farmer is a low-end starting shortstop, but he’s a high-end backup and reasonably priced with a projected $5.9 million salary via arbitration. He’s also under team control for 2024, so the Twins can either keep him in a backup role again or look to trade him if/when Lewis proves capable of backing up Correa.

Payroll projections

Correa will be paid $36 million in 2023, which brings the projected Opening Day payroll to roughly $150 million. That’s in line with last season’s spending, which started around $140 million and ballooned past $150 million due to the trade deadline pickups and numerous injury fill-ins. For now, the Twins’ payroll ranks 17th out of 30 teams, which is exactly where it ranked in 2022.

In general, league-wide spending rises annually, so it’s reasonable to assume the Twins still have at least a little room before reaching their self-imposed payroll limit. Beyond that, they could clear $8.5 million in 2023 salary by trading Max Kepler, which seems likely after adding Joey Gallo to what was already a logjam of left-handed-hitting corner outfielders.

Right-handed thump

Kyle Garlick was designated for assignment to make 40-man roster space for Correa, suggesting the Twins could be planning to bring in a different right-handed-hitting outfielder to complement those many lefty bats. Garlick fared reasonably well in a platoon role the past two seasons, hitting .256/.303/.534 versus lefties, but he’s a non-factor against righties and injury prone.

Garlick got a one-year, $750,000 deal from the Twins in November to avoid arbitration. Much like with Jharel Cotton and Jake Cave last season, the Twins are likely hoping that guaranteed salary, which is roughly 10 times the minor-league norm, will make Garlick more likely to pass through waivers unclaimed so that he can be stashed as Triple-A depth.

However, losing Garlick would turn what was already a roster weakness into a gaping hole. Garlick, Byron Buxton and Gilberto Celestino are the only right-handed-hitting outfielders on the 40-man roster, and Celestino has yet to show he can knock around left-handed pitchers. Andrew McCutchen, Trey Mancini and Adam Duvall are unsigned free agents who could fill the role well.

But there might also be an overlooked in-house option. Falvey said Wednesday that Farmer is a viable outfielder despite zero career starts there. Farmer batted .286/.350/.528 versus lefties the past two seasons, 41 points of OPS better than Garlick. If the Twins think he could add platoon corner outfielder to his infield duties, that new super-utility role would clear a bench spot for someone else.

BB + CC

Correa, Buxton and newly signed catcher Christian Vázquez are the only Twins with guaranteed salaries beyond 2024, and Correa and Buxton are tied together as the Twins’ core for six years apiece. From now through 2028, they’ll combine to make an average of $48 million per season, with $15 million of that going to Buxton as part of a below-market extension signed last December.

Any team would love to build around a pair of in-their-prime, up-the-middle defenders with impact bats. Keeping them on the field together is key, because few duos have as much all-around upside. It also helps that Correa and Buxton formed a quick bond last season and have become good friends. Correa noted Wednesday that he’s talked to Buxton “almost every day” this offseason.

Don’t forget about AK

Scott Boras represents both Correa and Lewis, which made for an interesting dynamic as one client signed up to be the long-term starter at another client’s main position. In true Boras form, he dropped a one-liner when asked about Lewis’ reaction: “He was always excited about playing with Carlos, because Carlos is a water fountain that quenches your thirst for information.”

If nothing else, it would be difficult for Boras to have particularly harsh feelings about the Twins using Lewis at other positions when the agent guaranteed that would be the case by negotiating Correa’s reunion. Alex Kirilloff is yet another Twins player represented by Boras, and it sounds like the 25-year-old’s recovery from a second straight season-ending wrist surgery has gone well thus far.

“He feels really good,” Falvey said. “One of the things he dealt with last year, with some soreness at times, then it leads to hesitation, then it leads to just not really letting it go and trying to guide the wrist through. He’s finally at a point where, when he lets it go, he’s like, OK, this is what it used to feel like. That’s really good news. We’ll continue to progress him thoughtfully, not too quickly.”

Trades coming?

Correa was the last star-level free agent to sign, and even above-average regulars are in extremely short supply on the open market at this stage, which means any further impact moves the Twins make are likely to come via trade. Kepler is the most obvious trade candidate, but his value is too low to bring back any impact players on his own. Expect bigger names to start swirling in rumors.

“We’re focused a little bit more on that (trade) market,” Falvey said. “I’m not convinced anything comes to fruition. We don’t have anything on the doorstep. But that’s probably our focus over the next month, month-plus. … We’re just going to be creative. What other ways can we mix and match to make it work? We’re just going to stay open-minded.”

Locking in Correa for the next six-plus seasons certainly changes the infield dynamic significantly, perhaps making it easier to shop core major leaguers or even top prospects. Overall position player depth, and specifically infield and corner outfield depth, is suddenly a huge organization-wide strength, and it’s always logical to trade from strength to improve weakness. Trades are coming.

The sweet spot

According to FanGraphs’ initial projections, bringing back Correa bumped the Twins from the AL’s ninth-best team to the AL’s seventh-best team. Those two spots are massive because six teams per league now make the postseason, which means the Twins are firmly in the “borderline contender” zone thanks to a weak division and three wild-card spots.

It also means the Twins should be more motivated, not less motivated, to make further moves, since adding even one or two more wins could realistically determine if they’re a playoff team or not. They’re right in the sweet spot of a projected win total in the mid-80s where every extra win makes the maximum possible impact on playoff odds.

Spending another, say, $8 million to acquire a setup-caliber reliever or a quality right-handed-hitting outfielder won’t change much for a 70-win team or a 100-win team, but the Twins should be heavily incentivized to squeeze as many wins as possible out of the rest of this offseason. It would make little sense to shock everyone by snagging Correa and then close the vault. Quality depth is crucial.

“By adding Carlos back into the mix, obviously that’s a significant impact on this year’s roster,” Falvey said. “Now, what are ways we can continue to add to that roster? We’ve made no secret about that being our goal and our mission.”

(Photo of Royce Lewis and Carlos Correa: Brace Hemmelgarn / Minnesota Twins / Getty Images)



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