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Tag Archives: distribution
The UN says it has been forced to shut 14 food distribution centres in Gaza due to Israeli strikes – Al Jazeera English
- The UN says it has been forced to shut 14 food distribution centres in Gaza due to Israeli strikes Al Jazeera English
- Israel-Hamas war live: Gaza supplies will run out ‘very soon,’ UN warns; UK to send Royal Navy ships and aircraft to support Israel The Guardian
- UN says 340,000 displaced in Gaza I DW News DW News
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and Charter Communications Announce Transformative Agreement for Distribution of Disney’s Linear Networks and Direct-To-Consumer Services – The Walt Disney Company – The Walt Disney Company
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- Disney, Charter End Dispute, Restoring ESPN, ABC to 15 Million Households The Wall Street Journal
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Alex Gibney on His Paul Simon Film and the Future of Doc Distribution: ‘It Would Be Grim If There Was Just One or Two Streamers and Nothing Else’ – Variety
- Alex Gibney on His Paul Simon Film and the Future of Doc Distribution: ‘It Would Be Grim If There Was Just One or Two Streamers and Nothing Else’ Variety
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- Exclusive: Paul Simon Doc Does a “Deep Dive” Into Garfunkel Relationship But Former Partner Not Interviewed Showbiz411
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Microsoft AI Research Introduce a Novel Deep Learning Framework Called Distributional Graphormer (DiG) to Predict the Equilibrium Distribution of Molecular Systems. – MarkTechPost
- Microsoft AI Research Introduce a Novel Deep Learning Framework Called Distributional Graphormer (DiG) to Predict the Equilibrium Distribution of Molecular Systems. MarkTechPost
- MIT researchers to lead a new center for continuous mRNA manufacturing MIT News
- MIT’s AI and Laser Duo Is Shaking Up How We Make Medicine SciTechDaily
- MIT Researchers Have Developed a Unified Framework that Uses Machine Learning to Simultaneously Predict Molecular Properties and Generate New Molecules Using Only a Small Amount of Data for Training MarkTechPost
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German metal band Rammstein’s lead singer Till Lindemann under investigation on allegations of sexual offenses and distribution of narcotics – CNN
- German metal band Rammstein’s lead singer Till Lindemann under investigation on allegations of sexual offenses and distribution of narcotics CNN
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- German police open investigation into Rammstein’s Till Lindemann ‘on allegations relating to sexual offences and the distribution of narcotics’ Louder
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‘They are fighting’: South Florida drivers’ frustrations mount amid fuel distribution issues – WPLG Local 10
- ‘They are fighting’: South Florida drivers’ frustrations mount amid fuel distribution issues WPLG Local 10
- Weather alert: Fort Lauderdale airport resumes flights as flood recovery begins Miami Herald
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- Fear of flooding in Fort Lauderdale: ‘Think I’ll sell it and walk away. I’m too old for this.’ South Florida Sun Sentinel
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Africa’s oldest dinosaurs reveal early suppression of dinosaur distribution
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Distribution of Dark Matter Around Galaxies 12 Billion Years Ago Revealed
The radiation residue from the Big Bang, distorted by dark matter 12 billion years ago. Credit: Reiko Matsushita
Scientists investigated the nature of dark matter surrounding galaxies seen as they were 12 billion years ago, billions of years further back in time than ever before. Their findings offer the tantalizing possibility that the fundamental rules of cosmology may differ when examining the early history of our universe. The collaboration was led by scientists at
“It was a crazy idea. No one realized we could do this.” — Professor Masami Ouchi
Consider a distant source galaxy, even farther away than the target galaxy whose dark matter one wants to investigate. As predicted by Einstein’s theory of general relativity, the gravitational attraction of the foreground galaxy, including its dark matter, distorts the surrounding space and time. As the light from the source galaxy travels through this distortion in spacetime, it bends, changing the apparent shape of the galaxy. The greater the amount of dark matter, the greater the resulting distortion. Therefore, astronomers can measure the amount of dark matter around the foreground galaxy (the “lens” galaxy) from the distortion.
However, beyond a certain threshold, scientists encounter a problem. In the deepest reaches of the universe, the galaxies are incredibly faint. As a result, the farther away from Earth we look, the less effective the gravitational lensing technique becomes. Because the lensing distortion is subtle and difficult to detect in most cases, many background galaxies are needed to detect the signal.
Most previous studies have remained stuck at the same limits. Unable to detect enough distant source galaxies to measure the distortion, they could only analyze dark matter from no more than 8-10 billion years ago. These limitations left open the question of the distribution of dark matter between this time and 13.7 billion years ago, around the beginning of our universe.
To overcome these challenges and observe dark matter from the farthest reaches of the universe, a team of researchers led by Hironao Miyatake from Nagoya University, in collaboration with the University of Tokyo, the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, and Princeton University, used a different source of background light, the microwaves released from the Big Bang itself.
First, using data from the observations of the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam Survey (HSC), the team identified 1.5 million lens galaxies using visible light, selected to be seen 12 billion years ago.
Next, to overcome the lack of galaxy light even farther away, they employed microwaves from the cosmic microwave background (CMB), the radiation residue from the
“Most researchers use source galaxies to measure dark matter distribution from the present to eight billion years ago,” added Assistant Professor Yuichi Harikane of the Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo. “However, we could look further back into the past because we used the more distant CMB to measure dark matter. For the first time, we were measuring dark matter from almost the earliest moments of the universe.”
After a preliminary analysis, the scientists soon realized that they had a large enough sample to detect the distribution of dark matter. Combining the large distant galaxy sample and the lensing distortions in CMB, they detected dark matter even further back in time, from 12 billion years ago. This is only 1.7 billion years after the beginning of the universe, and thus these galaxies are seen soon after they first formed.
“I was happy that we opened a new window into that era,” Miyatake said. “12 billion years ago, things were very different. You see more galaxies that are in the process of formation than at the present; the first galaxy clusters are starting to form as well.” Galaxy clusters comprise 100-1000 galaxies bound by gravity with large amounts of dark matter.
“This result gives a very consistent picture of galaxies and their evolution, as well as the dark matter in and around galaxies, and how this picture evolves with time,” said Neta Bahcall, Eugene Higgins Professor of Astronomy, professor of astrophysical sciences, and director of undergraduate studies at
One of the most exciting discoveries from the study was related to the clumpiness of dark matter. According to the standard theory of cosmology, the Lambda-CDM model, subtle fluctuations in the CMB form pools of densely packed matter by attracting surrounding matter through gravity. This creates inhomogeneous clumps that form stars and galaxies in these dense regions. The group’s findings suggest that their clumpiness measurement was lower than predicted by the Lambda-CDM model.
Miyatake is enthusiastic about the possibilities. “Our finding is still uncertain,” he said. “But if it is true, it would suggest that the entire model is flawed as you go further back in time. This is exciting because if the result holds after the uncertainties are reduced, it could suggest an improvement of the model that may provide insight into the nature of dark matter itself.”
“At this point, we will try to get better data to see if the Lambda-CDM model is actually able to explain the observations that we have in the universe,” said Andrés Plazas Malagón, associate research scholar at Princeton University. “And the consequence may be that we need to revisit the assumptions that went into this model.”
“One of the strengths of looking at the universe using large-scale surveys, such as the ones used in this research, is that you can study everything that you see in the resulting images, from nearby asteroids in our solar system to the most distant galaxies from the early universe. You can use the same data to explore a lot of new questions,” said Michael Strauss, professor and chair of the Department of Astrophysical Sciences at Princeton University.
This study used data available from existing telescopes, including Planck and Subaru. The group has only reviewed a third of the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam Survey data. The next step will be to analyze the entire data set, which should allow for a more precise measurement of the dark matter distribution. In the future, the research team expects to use an advanced data set like the Vera C. Rubin Observatory’s Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) to explore more of the earliest parts of space. “LSST will allow us to observe half the sky,” Harikane said. “I don’t see any reason we couldn’t see the dark matter distribution 13 billion years ago next.”
Reference: “First Identification of a CMB Lensing Signal Produced by 1.5 Million Galaxies at z~4: Constraints on Matter Density Fluctuations at High Redshift” by Hironao Miyatake, Yuichi Harikane, Masami Ouchi, Yoshiaki Ono, Nanaka Yamamoto, Atsushi J. Nishizawa, Neta Bahcall, Satoshi Miyazaki and Andrés A. Plazas Malagón, 1 August 2022, Physical Review Letters.
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.061301
Distribution of Dark Matter Around Galaxies 12 Billion Years Ago Revealed
The radiation residue from the Big Bang, distorted by dark matter 12 billion years ago. Credit: Reiko Matsushita
Scientists investigated the nature of dark matter surrounding galaxies seen as they were 12 billion years ago, billions of years further back in time than ever before. Their findings offer the tantalizing possibility that the fundamental rules of cosmology may differ when examining the early history of our universe. The collaboration was led by scientists at
“It was a crazy idea. No one realized we could do this.” — Professor Masami Ouchi
Consider a distant source galaxy, even farther away than the target galaxy whose dark matter one wants to investigate. As predicted by Einstein’s theory of general relativity, the gravitational attraction of the foreground galaxy, including its dark matter, distorts the surrounding space and time. As the light from the source galaxy travels through this distortion in spacetime, it bends, changing the apparent shape of the galaxy. The greater the amount of dark matter, the greater the resulting distortion. Therefore, astronomers can measure the amount of dark matter around the foreground galaxy (the “lens” galaxy) from the distortion.
However, beyond a certain threshold, scientists encounter a problem. In the deepest reaches of the universe, the galaxies are incredibly faint. As a result, the farther away from Earth we look, the less effective the gravitational lensing technique becomes. Because the lensing distortion is subtle and difficult to detect in most cases, many background galaxies are needed to detect the signal.
Most previous studies have remained stuck at the same limits. Unable to detect enough distant source galaxies to measure the distortion, they could only analyze dark matter from no more than 8-10 billion years ago. These limitations left open the question of the distribution of dark matter between this time and 13.7 billion years ago, around the beginning of our universe.
To overcome these challenges and observe dark matter from the farthest reaches of the universe, a team of researchers led by Hironao Miyatake from Nagoya University, in collaboration with the University of Tokyo, the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, and Princeton University, used a different source of background light, the microwaves released from the Big Bang itself.
First, using data from the observations of the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam Survey (HSC), the team identified 1.5 million lens galaxies using visible light, selected to be seen 12 billion years ago.
Next, to overcome the lack of galaxy light even farther away, they employed microwaves from the cosmic microwave background (CMB), the radiation residue from the
“Most researchers use source galaxies to measure dark matter distribution from the present to eight billion years ago,” added Assistant Professor Yuichi Harikane of the Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo. “However, we could look further back into the past because we used the more distant CMB to measure dark matter. For the first time, we were measuring dark matter from almost the earliest moments of the universe.”
After a preliminary analysis, the scientists soon realized that they had a large enough sample to detect the distribution of dark matter. Combining the large distant galaxy sample and the lensing distortions in CMB, they detected dark matter even further back in time, from 12 billion years ago. This is only 1.7 billion years after the beginning of the universe, and thus these galaxies are seen soon after they first formed.
“I was happy that we opened a new window into that era,” Miyatake said. “12 billion years ago, things were very different. You see more galaxies that are in the process of formation than at the present; the first galaxy clusters are starting to form as well.” Galaxy clusters comprise 100-1000 galaxies bound by gravity with large amounts of dark matter.
“This result gives a very consistent picture of galaxies and their evolution, as well as the dark matter in and around galaxies, and how this picture evolves with time,” said Neta Bahcall, Eugene Higgins Professor of Astronomy, professor of astrophysical sciences, and director of undergraduate studies at
One of the most exciting discoveries from the study was related to the clumpiness of dark matter. According to the standard theory of cosmology, the Lambda-CDM model, subtle fluctuations in the CMB form pools of densely packed matter by attracting surrounding matter through gravity. This creates inhomogeneous clumps that form stars and galaxies in these dense regions. The group’s findings suggest that their clumpiness measurement was lower than predicted by the Lambda-CDM model.
Miyatake is enthusiastic about the possibilities. “Our finding is still uncertain,” he said. “But if it is true, it would suggest that the entire model is flawed as you go further back in time. This is exciting because if the result holds after the uncertainties are reduced, it could suggest an improvement of the model that may provide insight into the nature of dark matter itself.”
“At this point, we will try to get better data to see if the Lambda-CDM model is actually able to explain the observations that we have in the universe,” said Andrés Plazas Malagón, associate research scholar at Princeton University. “And the consequence may be that we need to revisit the assumptions that went into this model.”
“One of the strengths of looking at the universe using large-scale surveys, such as the ones used in this research, is that you can study everything that you see in the resulting images, from nearby asteroids in our solar system to the most distant galaxies from the early universe. You can use the same data to explore a lot of new questions,” said Michael Strauss, professor and chair of the Department of Astrophysical Sciences at Princeton University.
This study used data available from existing telescopes, including Planck and Subaru. The group has only reviewed a third of the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam Survey data. The next step will be to analyze the entire data set, which should allow for a more precise measurement of the dark matter distribution. In the future, the research team expects to use an advanced data set like the Vera C. Rubin Observatory’s Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) to explore more of the earliest parts of space. “LSST will allow us to observe half the sky,” Harikane said. “I don’t see any reason we couldn’t see the dark matter distribution 13 billion years ago next.”
Reference: “First Identification of a CMB Lensing Signal Produced by 1.5 Million Galaxies at z~4: Constraints on Matter Density Fluctuations at High Redshift” by Hironao Miyatake, Yuichi Harikane, Masami Ouchi, Yoshiaki Ono, Nanaka Yamamoto, Atsushi J. Nishizawa, Neta Bahcall, Satoshi Miyazaki and Andrés A. Plazas Malagón, 1 August 2022, Physical Review Letters.
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.061301