Tag Archives: Tumors

Breakthrough in fight against world’s deadliest cancer – new drug shrunk up to 70% of pancreatic tumors in lab – Daily Mail

  1. Breakthrough in fight against world’s deadliest cancer – new drug shrunk up to 70% of pancreatic tumors in lab Daily Mail
  2. Concurrent inhibition of oncogenic and wild-type RAS-GTP for cancer therapy Nature.com
  3. Investigational therapeutic shows promise in preclinical pancreatic cancer model Medical Xpress
  4. New treatment for pancreatic cancer patients now available in the Upstate WSPA 7News
  5. Revolution Medicines Announces Publications on the Discovery and Preclinical Profile of Representative of a New Class of RAS(ON) Multi-Selective Inhibitors Designed to Block Full Spectrum of Oncogenic RAS(ON) Proteins GlobeNewswire

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Global cancer phenomenon: It’s not just America… the UK, Japan, South Africa and Australia are among dozens of countries suffering mystery spikes of all different kinds of tumors in young people – Daily Mail

  1. Global cancer phenomenon: It’s not just America… the UK, Japan, South Africa and Australia are among dozens of countries suffering mystery spikes of all different kinds of tumors in young people Daily Mail
  2. Why are so many young people getting cancer? What the data say Nature.com
  3. Orange County leads Southern California in cancer rates among 18 to 49-year-olds: report KTLA Los Angeles
  4. Orange County leading a grim trend: Cancer among younger people OCRegister
  5. Orange County hospital sees troubling increase in cancer cases among young adults CBS Los Angeles

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Potential cancer breakthrough as ‘groundbreaking’ pill annihilates ALL types of solid tumors in early study – Daily Mail

  1. Potential cancer breakthrough as ‘groundbreaking’ pill annihilates ALL types of solid tumors in early study Daily Mail
  2. Cancer pill AOH1996 shows promise in annihilating all solid tumours Innovation Origins
  3. ‘Holy grail’ anti-cancer molecule destroys tumors while leaving healthy cells intact Study Finds
  4. City of Hope’s cancer-killing pill works like a snowstorm shutting down an airport FierceBiotech
  5. City of Hope scientists develop targeted chemotherapy able to kill all solid tumors in preclinical research PR Newswire
  6. View Full Coverage on Google News

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Revolutionary Cancer Vaccine Simultaneously Kills and Prevents Brain Tumors

Researchers at Brigham and Women’s Hospital have found a way to use cancer cells to fight cancer. In a study published in Science Translational Medicine, the team led by Khalid Shah demonstrated that their cell therapy could eliminate established tumors and create long-term immunity in an advanced mouse model of glioblastoma, a type of brain cancer. The vaccine works by training the immune system to prevent cancer from returning. These results are encouraging and suggest that this approach may be effective in treating cancer in humans.

Dual-action cell therapy engineered to eliminate established tumors and train the immune system to eradicate primary tumor and prevent cancer’s recurrence.

Scientists are harnessing a new way to turn cancer cells into potent, anti-cancer agents. In the latest work from the lab of Khalid Shah, MS, PhD, at Brigham and Women’s Hospital, a founding member of the Mass General Brigham healthcare system, investigators have developed a new cell therapy approach to eliminate established tumors and induce long-term immunity, training the immune system so that it can prevent cancer from recurring. The team tested their dual-action, cancer-killing vaccine in an advanced mouse model of the deadly brain cancer glioblastoma, with promising results. Findings are published in Science Translational Medicine.

“Our team has pursued a simple idea: to take cancer cells and transform them into cancer killers and vaccines,” said corresponding author Khalid Shah, MS, PhD, director of the Center for Stem Cell and Translational Immunotherapy (CSTI)  and the vice chair of research in the Department of Neurosurgery at the Brigham and faculty at Harvard Medical School and Harvard Stem Cell Institute (HSCI). “Using gene engineering, we are repurposing cancer cells to develop a therapeutic that kills tumor cells and stimulates the immune system to both destroy primary tumors and prevent cancer.”

Scientists developed a bifunctional therapeutic strategy by transforming living tumor cells into a therapeutic. Shah’s team engineered living tumor cells using the gene editing tool CRISPR-Cas9 and repurposed them to release tumor cell killing agent. In addition, the engineered tumor cells were designed to express factors that would make them easy for the immune system to spot, tag and remember, priming the immune system for a long-term anti-tumor response. The team tested their repurposed CRISPR-enhanced and reverse-engineered therapeutic tumor cells (ThTC) in different mice strains including the one that bore bone marrow, liver and thymus cells derived from humans, mimicking the human immune microenvironment. Shah’s team also built a two-layered safety switch into the cancer cell, which, when activated, eradicates ThTCs if needed. Credit: Kok Siong Chen and Khalid Shah

Cancer vaccines are an active area of research for many labs, but the approach that Shah and his colleagues have taken is distinct. Instead of using inactivated tumor cells, the team repurposes living tumor cells, which possess an unusual feature. Like homing pigeons returning to roost, living tumor cells will travel long distances across the brain to return to the site of their fellow tumor cells. Taking advantage of this unique property, Shah’s team engineered living tumor cells using the gene-editing tool CRISPR-Cas9 and repurposed them to release tumor cell killing agent. In addition, the engineered tumor cells were designed to express factors that would make them easy for the immune system to spot, tag, and remember, priming the immune system for a long-term anti-tumor response.

The team tested their repurposed CRISPR-enhanced and reverse-engineered therapeutic tumor cells (ThTC) in different mice strains including the one that bore bone marrow, liver and thymus cells derived from humans, mimicking the human immune microenvironment. Shah’s team also built a two-layered safety switch into the cancer cell, which, when activated, eradicates ThTCs if needed. This dual-action cell therapy was safe, applicable, and efficacious in these models, suggesting a roadmap toward therapy. While further testing and development is needed, Shah’s team specifically chose this model and used human cells to smooth the path of translating their findings for patient settings.

“Throughout all of the work that we do in the Center, even when it is highly technical, we never lose sight of the patient,” said Shah. “Our goal is to take an innovative but translatable approach so that we can develop a therapeutic, cancer-killing vaccine that ultimately will have a lasting impact in medicine.” Shah and colleagues note that this therapeutic strategy is applicable to a wider range of solid tumors and that further investigations of its applications are warranted.

Reference: “Bifunctional cancer cell-based vaccine concomitantly drives direct tumor killing and antitumor immunity” by Kok-Siong Chen, Clemens Reinshagen, Thijs A. Van Schaik, Filippo Rossignoli, Paulo Borges, Natalia Claire Mendonca, Reza Abdi, Brennan Simon, David A. Reardon, Hiroaki Wakimoto and Khalid Shah, 4 January 2023, Science Translational Medicine.
DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abo4778

Disclosures: Shah owns equity in and is a member of the Board of Directors of AMASA Therapeutics, a company developing stem cell-based therapies for cancer.

Funding: This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (grant R01-NS121096).



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Revolutionary Cancer Vaccine Simultaneously Kills and Prevents Brain Tumors

Researchers at Brigham and Women’s Hospital have found a way to use cancer cells to fight cancer. In a study published in Science Translational Medicine, the team led by Khalid Shah demonstrated that their cell therapy could eliminate established tumors and create long-term immunity in an advanced mouse model of glioblastoma, a type of brain cancer. The vaccine works by training the immune system to prevent cancer from returning. These results are encouraging and suggest that this approach may be effective in treating cancer in humans.

Dual-action cell therapy engineered to eliminate established tumors and train the immune system to eradicate primary tumor and prevent cancer’s recurrence.

Scientists are harnessing a new way to turn cancer cells into potent, anti-cancer agents. In the latest work from the lab of Khalid Shah, MS, PhD, at Brigham and Women’s Hospital, a founding member of the Mass General Brigham healthcare system, investigators have developed a new cell therapy approach to eliminate established tumors and induce long-term immunity, training the immune system so that it can prevent cancer from recurring. The team tested their dual-action, cancer-killing vaccine in an advanced mouse model of the deadly brain cancer glioblastoma, with promising results. Findings are published in Science Translational Medicine.

“Our team has pursued a simple idea: to take cancer cells and transform them into cancer killers and vaccines,” said corresponding author Khalid Shah, MS, PhD, director of the Center for Stem Cell and Translational Immunotherapy (CSTI)  and the vice chair of research in the Department of Neurosurgery at the Brigham and faculty at Harvard Medical School and Harvard Stem Cell Institute (HSCI). “Using gene engineering, we are repurposing cancer cells to develop a therapeutic that kills tumor cells and stimulates the immune system to both destroy primary tumors and prevent cancer.”

Scientists developed a bifunctional therapeutic strategy by transforming living tumor cells into a therapeutic. Shah’s team engineered living tumor cells using the gene editing tool CRISPR-Cas9 and repurposed them to release tumor cell killing agent. In addition, the engineered tumor cells were designed to express factors that would make them easy for the immune system to spot, tag and remember, priming the immune system for a long-term anti-tumor response. The team tested their repurposed CRISPR-enhanced and reverse-engineered therapeutic tumor cells (ThTC) in different mice strains including the one that bore bone marrow, liver and thymus cells derived from humans, mimicking the human immune microenvironment. Shah’s team also built a two-layered safety switch into the cancer cell, which, when activated, eradicates ThTCs if needed. Credit: Kok Siong Chen and Khalid Shah

Cancer vaccines are an active area of research for many labs, but the approach that Shah and his colleagues have taken is distinct. Instead of using inactivated tumor cells, the team repurposes living tumor cells, which possess an unusual feature. Like homing pigeons returning to roost, living tumor cells will travel long distances across the brain to return to the site of their fellow tumor cells. Taking advantage of this unique property, Shah’s team engineered living tumor cells using the gene-editing tool CRISPR-Cas9 and repurposed them to release tumor cell killing agent. In addition, the engineered tumor cells were designed to express factors that would make them easy for the immune system to spot, tag, and remember, priming the immune system for a long-term anti-tumor response.

The team tested their repurposed CRISPR-enhanced and reverse-engineered therapeutic tumor cells (ThTC) in different mice strains including the one that bore bone marrow, liver and thymus cells derived from humans, mimicking the human immune microenvironment. Shah’s team also built a two-layered safety switch into the cancer cell, which, when activated, eradicates ThTCs if needed. This dual-action cell therapy was safe, applicable, and efficacious in these models, suggesting a roadmap toward therapy. While further testing and development is needed, Shah’s team specifically chose this model and used human cells to smooth the path of translating their findings for patient settings.

“Throughout all of the work that we do in the Center, even when it is highly technical, we never lose sight of the patient,” said Shah. “Our goal is to take an innovative but translatable approach so that we can develop a therapeutic, cancer-killing vaccine that ultimately will have a lasting impact in medicine.” Shah and colleagues note that this therapeutic strategy is applicable to a wider range of solid tumors and that further investigations of its applications are warranted.

Reference: “Bifunctional cancer cell-based vaccine concomitantly drives direct tumor killing and antitumor immunity” by Kok-Siong Chen, Clemens Reinshagen, Thijs A. Van Schaik, Filippo Rossignoli, Paulo Borges, Natalia Claire Mendonca, Reza Abdi, Brennan Simon, David A. Reardon, Hiroaki Wakimoto and Khalid Shah, 4 January 2023, Science Translational Medicine.
DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abo4778

Disclosures: Shah owns equity in and is a member of the Board of Directors of AMASA Therapeutics, a company developing stem cell-based therapies for cancer.

Funding: This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (grant R01-NS121096).



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I Had Brain And Thyroid Tumors But They Weren’t Cancer

“How long have you had this?” Dr. Landeros asks.

I’m sitting on the examination table in his office. He has guided my hand to the left side of my throat where, my heart quivering, I finger a rock-like lump.

“I have no idea,” I say.

He holds up a hand mirror and tells me to tilt my head back. I see a protrusion: a foreign object pushing at my skin from the inside. I’ve never looked at my reflection this way. If I had, would I have noticed the bulge?

“Don’t worry,” he says, apparently reading the tension on my face. “We will take an ultrasound to see.”

My knees get watery and the room wobbles. I have a growth in my throat. Is that why I haven’t been able to shake being sick? In Thailand, I had an ear infection and vertigo. In Australia, I couldn’t shake a cough. As a nomad, I had self-treated these on the road. But now that the symptoms roared back here in Mexico, I’d decided to get proper medical attention. A tumor was the last thing I expected.

The doctor walks my husband, Dave, and me to the next building, where he hands me over to another physician who, to my surprise, draws me into a back room and performs the ultrasound right then. Dr. Landeros watches a big screen and explains I have a mass in my thyroid.

“It’s large,” he admits. “About the size of a lemon.”

My palm tingles as I imagine cradling the density and circumference of a lemon. What I felt on my neck was the tip of the “fruit.” I recall lying in a hotel bed in Vietnam a few years ago; when I’d tried to swallow, a panicky feeling took over as my throat froze. Occasionally that sensation returned. No wonder.

Through the haze of my thoughts, I register that Dr. Landeros is talking, reassuring me that most thyroid nodules are benign, but I need a needle biopsy to be sure. I nod numbly, thinking about how a surgeon said the same thing six years ago about the tumor in my brain. That walnut-sized mass was discovered when I had a seizure. Back then, the brain surgeon predicted the tumor was benign; that the growth in my head wouldn’t kill me. She was right. The post-surgery pathology report determined it wasn’t cancer ― and three months later, Dave and I traveled to India and Sri Lanka, my surgeon’s advice ringing in my ears: Forget this ever happened. Move on with your life.

Will I be so lucky this time? I take a deep breath. Don’t catastrophize, Kate. But I can’t help it. Silly me to think after brain surgery at age 50, I’d triumphed over the one major medical challenge of my life.

I know almost nothing about the thyroid, so I consult Dr. Google and learn it’s a butterfly-shaped gland housed below the Adam’s apple that controls many of the body’s important functions by secreting hormones. I imagine one wing of my butterfly pinned down by a lemon and unable to fly.

The next day, I lie on a gurney, shivering like I’m immersed in ice water. The nurse brings a warm blanket but nothing can allay my trembling, not even Dave at my side. Using an ultrasound as a guide, the physician inserts a long needle into the mass in my neck and swirls it around. As the painful gouge is repeated four times, I imagine myself as a stone statue. I wonder if even breathing too hard might cause the needle to slip into a vital artery.

The author snorkeling in Bocas del Toro, Panama in 2022.

The test results will take about a week. Over the next few days, I check my email incessantly. Then one day as we ride in the car headed to the store, I glance at my phone to see a message from the hospital. I click it open to my diagnosis: papillary carcinoma.

“Dave,” I say, as he steers us down the bumpy dirt road. “I have cancer.”

Staring out the windshield, he reaches over and takes my hand.

A hurricane whips around in my mind. I will need surgery. Cancer treatment. Should I do it here in Mexico? I think my insurance will cover me wherever I am, but I’m not sure. Is this the end of the nomadic life that I love so much? My mind stutters to a stop, not daring to plunge into the abyss.

I text Dr. Landeros — yes, he’s given me his cell number — and he offers to see me right away. He greets me with the customary quick kiss on each cheek and then explains the surgery. They’ll also have to extract a few lymph nodes to see if the cancer has spread. If the malignancy is advanced, I will need to undergo radioactive iodine, or RAI, treatment. He explains his three-person team will perform the procedure with “care” and “love,” which makes me want to hug him.

That afternoon, I Google RAI therapy and learn afterward you remain radioactive and must avoid contact with others for a week. Even worse, possible side effects include salivary gland malfunction, loss of taste or smell, dry mouth, chronic pinkeye and loss of hair. I read that 61.1% of patients report moderate or severe long-term side effects. I wonder how therapeutic such treatment really is, that it might be worse than the tumor. I’ve seen friends thrive from cancer treatments, but I’ve also seen others suffer tremendously and even die from harsh therapies. I decide I need a second opinion.

I talk to a doctor friend in the U.S. who agrees with the treatment plan. However, she says it will be better for me to work with a surgical oncologist and an endocrinologist, not an ENT. If my tumor was benign, I wouldn’t have flinched at having the surgery in Mexico because their medical system is so humane. But I decide to go to California, our former home.

This decision launches me into a morass of the U.S. medical bureaucracy. I am transferred from this department to that, asked a million questions, told to fill out a stack of online forms in different formats, call x person and wait for y person to call me back. I try to remain calm and remind myself how fortunate I’ve been to retire with a medical insurance package.

I try to breathe and take each moment as it comes, knowing stress is like fertilizer for the lemon-tumor. Dave talks me through guided healing meditations. I feed myself health: spinach and papaya smoothies with celery, pots of vegetable soup. One day at the beach, we see a rock jutting from the water come alive with hundreds of crabs scuttling about. Thousands of little lives. It seems my life isn’t any more significant than theirs.

That night, I shoot up from a hard sleep in the dark, my head swimming, chills shaking my body, my tongue a wad of cotton in my mouth. Dave lightly snores at my side. I panic, thinking I’m having a stroke or a heart attack. Switching on my light, I lean back against the pillows, taking deep breaths, exhausted but not able to sleep. When Dave’s eyes finally open, I’m staring at him and say I might need to go to the emergency room. I wrap myself in my bathrobe, wobble to the couch and sit, my head in my hands. Dave stands above me and asks me what’s going on. I explain the chills, the shaking, the feeling like 10 cats are piled on my chest. I imagine I see fear in his eyes. And exhaustion. I decide to return to bed.

Dave goes up to the rooftop patio for a tai chi session. I worry about how once again he’s being thrust into the role of taking care of me. I remember him helping me bathe because my right arm wasn’t working after the brain surgery, and rushing to the pharmacy for stool softeners because I had a bowel impaction. When he’d vowed “for better or for worse,” no way could he have imagined I’d need brain surgery after only a year of marriage… and now this.

Our neighbor Pete comes by and offers me a Xanax. I figure Dave must have told him what was going on. Could this really be just anxiety? A panic attack? I’ve never taken Xanax before but decide what the hell ― and in minutes I start to feel relief.

Clearly, the mind can mess with the body, and I can’t always control it with my woo-woo stuff.

The author with the fortuneteller who told her in 2013 that she would live to be 80.

When Dave returns, I tell him I’m feeling better. He quietly drops to a chair, wiping tears from his eyes. I go to him and hold him, silently sorry for what I’m putting him through. I know his back is hurting, that he’s feeling the weight of our world on his shoulders. I’m trying not to be too needy even though most of the time I just want to wrap myself up in him and stare into his blue-green eyes. I dread the idea of leaving this planet without him.

Once a palm reader in Hong Kong grabbed my hand and blurted out I was going to die at 80. If he was right, this cancer won’t be the end of me. If he was right, I’ll live another 24 years. If he was right, I have before me merely 24 springs and summers, 24 falls and winters. I clench inside at the thought that my remaining seasons are countable, but I’ll take them.

At my consult in California, Dr. Lin recommends a full thyroidectomy, given the tumor’s size, its cancerous nature and the fact that another smaller nodule is buried in my other “butterfly wing.” Alternatively, she could remove half, but the other side would need to be monitored regularly. I’m thrilled with the idea of not being on thyroid medication for the rest of my life until she adds that often people still need pills when half a thyroid can’t compensate. And I’m turned off by the idea of needing to get regular ultrasounds, keeping me constantly worrying if it’s growing.

I ask her what she’d do in my situation, and she says she’d take it all out. I concur. I notice she has small hands, which I pray will serve me well when I’m sprawled on the gurney having my throat slit open. When I ask about the picture on the wall of two cute kids, she says she has 5-year-old twins.

“If you can handle that, surgery is probably a snap,” I crack, and she laughs.

I cling to the fact that she tells me that thyroid cancer is one of the “most curable” types — and that RAI, if I need it, is simple: swallow some pills and sequester.

Easy for her to say, sitting there all young and pretty and accomplished behind the armor of her medical pedigree. I’ve scrolled thyroid surgery Facebook groups and learned that the 61.1% of patients with side effects are real people who suffer. I don’t want permanent dry mouth. To never again be able to smell a newly-picked tomato. To have perpetual pink eye. If I can waive radiation, I’ll kiss the ground.

Surgery takes four hours, and when I rise out of the mist of anesthesia, I try to squeak out a question but can’t speak. Dr. Lin assures me my voice will soon return. She says I need only one night in the hospital and she’ll call me in a few days, as soon as the pathology report comes in.

The only external evidence of the surgery is a Band-Aid on my throat. Although I can eat, it’s awkward to swallow and stressful to talk too much. It’s hard to focus ― I keep waiting for the phone to ring with the pronouncement of my destiny. Has the cancer spread? Will I need radiation or any other possible cancer treatments? What is happening in the dark alcoves of my body?

A week passes. Then a second one. I call Dr. Lin’s office several times and am told the pathology is taking longer than usual. I try to suss out from the nurse’s tone if that is good or bad, but in a flat voice, she merely reconfirms that the doctor will call me the minute the results are in.

Finally, one afternoon while I’m sitting on the couch trying not very successfully to read the newspaper, my phone rings. I see it’s a Stanford number and fumble to answer.

“Kate,” she says. “It’s Dr. Lin. Your results have come in.”

I grab a pen from the coffee table, my pulse thumping in my ears.

Her next words make my breath hitch: “I have good news. Your tumor is benign.”

The room sways. Is this a dream? I don’t have cancer. Your tumor, but really not my tumor anymore. It sits in a lab somewhere or maybe has been strewn into a garbage can. A piece of me I will be leaving behind when I jump on the next plane out of here.

She explains that the needle biopsy results had not been wrong but that I had “Niftip, a noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like features” ― a type of tumor that used to be called cancer but was downgraded two years ago by the American Medical Association.

“It’s no longer deemed a carcinoma,” she says, “because it has never been shown to spread beyond its capsule. That’s why the pathology took so long, because the whole capsule had to be examined. If your tumor had been discovered a few years ago, you would have had to undergo RAI. But now it’s not necessary.”

I think of Dostoyevsky in front of the firing squad, whose blindfold was whipped off and he was told, “You’ve been given a reprieve. Go home.” When we hang up, I cry tears of relief and shock, my raw throat constricting. Dave hugs me as the past fearful six weeks crash to a halt.

The author’s throat two months after surgery.

Two tumors, two surgeries, no cancer. Knowing so many people who’ve had cancer, I almost feel guilty about such luck. Then again, maybe it’s not so fortunate to have had a non-cancerous organ removed. But I remind myself of the lemon, that it had begun to obstruct my swallowing. It needed to come out.

Afterward, searching old pictures to find ones with my head flung back, I identify the bulge in my throat, completely oblivious to something that could have undone my life. This thing had been in me for much longer than two years — and if it had been found earlier, I would have undergone unnecessary cancer treatment. I look it up and discover that according to “JAMA Internal Medicine,” up to one-quarter of patients likely do.

Forget this ever happened and move on with your life.

It’s good advice. But perhaps not completely attainable.

Because my scars — the two-inch line running horizontally across my throat and the indentation in my skull hidden in my blonde hair now streaked with gray — will always be reminders that, as the Hong Kong palm reader instructed me, I have a countable number of springs and summers left. Maybe 24, maybe not.

Kate Evans, Ph.D., is the author of seven books, including “Call It Wonder: An Odyssey of Love, Sex, Spirit & Travel,” winner of the Bisexual Book Award. Her new memoir “Nomads at Home” is forthcoming. She lives part of the year in Baja California Sur, Mexico, and the rest of the time she travels. For more from her, visit www.kateevanswriter.com and find her on Instagram and Facebook.

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Scientists develop world’s first test for pancreatic cancer – using tiny WORMS that sniff out tumors

Scientists have developed the world’s first early screening test for pancreatic cancer — which uses worms to sniff out tumors.

According to its makers, the test — rolled out this month in Japan — is 100 per cent accurate at spotting the cancer and can detect it at its earliest stages.

Tokyo-based biotech company Hirotsu Bio Science hopes to bring the test to the US by next year.

Users send a urine sample to a lab in the mail, which is added to a petri dish full of dozens of worms called nematodes, which are about one-millimeter long.

They are known for their strong sense of smell, which in the wild they use to seek out their prey. 

That makes the 1-milimetre long animals a potent diagnostic tool, says company founder and chief executive Takaaki Hirotsu, who has been researching them for 28 years. 

A urine sample is added to a petri dish with dozens of tiny worms, which have been genetically modified to swim away from traces of pancreatic cancer

The pancreatic cancer survival rate rapidly decreases as time passes from initial diagnosis. The general five-year survival rate in America is 11 per cent, according to Cancer.net

HOW DOES THE TEST WORK? 

Users send a urine sample to a lab in the mail, which is added to a petri dish full of dozens of worms called nematodes, which are about one-millimeter long.

They are known for their very strong sense of smell, which in the wild they use to seek out their prey. 

The scientists genetically modified the worms so that they will swim away from traces of pancreatic cancer.

Studies of the tests showed it was more effective at detecting urine cancer tumors than other widely used methods of detection, such as using patients’ blood.

Hirotsu Bio launched its first N-NOSE test in January 2020, which claimed to tell if users were at a high risk of cancer.

Around a quarter of a million people have taken the test, with 5 to 6 per cent receiving high-risk readings.

The pancreas test kits are sold directly to consumers, rather than a healthcare professional referring patients for the test, and cost $505.

Hirotsu focused on pancreatic cancer first because it is hard to diagnose and progresses very quickly.

There is also no single diagnostic test which can determine if a person has pancreatic cancer. 

The company plans to roll out similar test for liver, cervical and breast cancer in the next few years.

But some doctors are skeptical of the results and consumer-based approach.

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Hirotsu genetically modified the worms so that they will swim away from pancreatic cancer samples.

Studies of the tests showed it was more effective at detecting bladder cancer tumors than other widely used methods of detection, such as blood tests.

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most deadly types because it is hard to catch early due to a lack of symptoms, and by the time it is caught it’s usually too late.

Roughly 50,000 Americans die of pancreatic cancer every year, and just one in 10 people survive five years after a diagnosis.

Because of the way it is sold straight to patients, the test wouldn’t need FDA approval to be made available in the US.

Hirotsu said: ‘What’s very important with early detection of cancer and these kinds of diseases is being able to sense very trace amounts. 

‘And when it comes to that, I think that machines don’t stand a chance against the capabilities that living organisms have.’

Hirotsu Bio launched its first N-NOSE test in January 2020, which claimed to tell if users were at a high risk of cancer.

Around a quarter of a million people have taken the test, with five to six per cent receiving high-risk readings.

The pancreas test kits are sold directly to consumers, rather than a healthcare professional referring patients for the test, and cost $505.

Hirotsu focused on pancreatic cancer first because it is hard to diagnose and progresses very quickly.

There is also no single diagnostic test which can determine if a person has pancreatic cancer. 

The company plans to roll out similar test for liver, cervical and breast cancer in the next few years.

But some doctors are skeptical of the results and consumer-based approach.

Masahiro Kami, the head of the Medical Governance Research Institute think tank in Tokyo, warned that false positives could greatly outnumber actual cases of pancreatic cancer, making the results ‘not usable’.

Hirotsu argued that the accuracy of the test is competitive with other diagnostic tools and is intended as an early checking method so patients can access further testing and treatment without delay.

Hirotsu Bio Science chief technical officer Eric Di Luccio examines nematodes in a petri dish at the company’s lab in Fujisawa, Japan

TV ads using caricatures of the worms and the pancreas are being used in Japan to flog the tests, and will help the company build its brand, Mr Hirotsu said.

If the company can scale up, the test’s hefty price tag may reduce over time, he added.

Asked if he particularly likes worms, Mr Hirotsu said: ‘I feel like I have to give the answer that I love nematodes and I find them cute, but that’s not the case at all.

‘Really, I just think of them as research materials and nothing more.’

WHAT IS PANCREATIC CANCER? 

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal forms of the disease. Around 95 percent of people who contract it die from it.  

Joan Crawford, Patrick Swayze and Luciano Pavarotti all died of pancreatic cancer. 

It is the fourth-leading cancer killer in the United States. Around 10,000 people are diagnosed with pancreatic cancer each year in the UK, and 50,000 in the US.

WHAT IS THE CAUSE? 

It is caused by the abnormal and uncontrolled growth of cells in the pancreas – a large gland in the digestive system.

WHO HAS THE HIGHEST RISK?

Most cases (90 percent) are in people over the age of 55. Around half of all new cases occur in people aged 75 or older. One in 10 cases are attributed to genetics.

Other causes include age, smoking and other health conditions, including diabetes. About 80 percent of pancreatic cancer patients have some form of diabetes. 

WHY IS IT SO LETHAL?

Pancreatic cancer typically does not show symptoms in the early stages, when it would be more manageable. 

Sufferers tend to start developing the tell-tale signs – jaundice and abdominal pain – around stage 3 or 4, when it has likely already spread to other organs. 

WHAT ARE THE SURVIVAL RATES? 

For all stages of pancreatic cancer combined, the one-year survival rate is 20 percent. At five years, that rate falls to just nine percent. 

If the cancer is caught in stage 1A, the five year survival rates is about 14 percent and 12 percent for 1B. 

At stage 2, those rates are seven and five percent, respectively. For a pancreatic cancer in its third stage, only three percent of people will survive another five years. 

By stage IV, the five-year survival rate falls to just one percent.  

WHAT ARE THE TREATMENT OPTIONS? 

The only effective treatment is removal of the pancreas. This proves largely ineffective for those whose cancer has spread to other organs. In those cases, palliative care is advised to ease their pain at the end of their life.

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Scientists develop world’s first test for pancreatic cancer – using tiny WORMS that sniff out tumors

Scientists have developed the world’s first early screening test for pancreatic cancer — which uses worms to sniff out tumors.

According to its makers, the test — rolled out this month in Japan — is 100 per cent accurate at spotting the cancer and can detect it at its earliest stages.

Tokyo-based biotech company Hirotsu Bio Science hopes to bring the test to the US by next year.

Users send a urine sample to a lab in the mail, which is added to a petri dish full of dozens of worms called nematodes, which are about one-millimeter long.

They are known for their strong sense of smell, which in the wild they use to seek out their prey. 

A urine sample is added to a petri dish with dozens of tiny worms, which have been genetically modified to swim away from traces of pancreatic cancer

The pancreatic cancer survival rate rapidly decreases as time passes from initial diagnosis. The general five-year survival rate in America is 11 per cent, according to Cancer.net

HOW DOES THE TEST WORK? 

Users send a urine sample to a lab in the mail, which is added to a petri dish full of dozens of worms called nematodes, which are about one-millimeter long.

They are known for their very strong sense of smell, which in the wild they use to seek out their prey. 

The scientists genetically modified the worms so that they will swim away from traces of pancreatic cancer.

Studies of the tests showed it was more effective at detecting urine cancer tumors than other widely used methods of detection, such as using patients’ blood.

Hirotsu Bio launched its first N-NOSE test in January 2020, which claimed to tell if users were at a high risk of cancer.

Around a quarter of a million people have taken the test, with 5 to 6 per cent receiving high-risk readings.

The pancreas test kits are sold directly to consumers, rather than a healthcare professional referring patients for the test, and cost $505.

Hirotsu focused on pancreatic cancer first because it is hard to diagnose and progresses very quickly.

There is also no single diagnostic test which can determine if a person has pancreatic cancer. 

The company plans to roll out similar test for liver, cervical and breast cancer in the next few years.

But some doctors are skeptical of the results and consumer-based approach.

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That makes the one-milimetre long animals a potent diagnostic tool, says company founder and chief executive Takaaki Hirotsu, who has been researching them for 28 years. 

Hirotsu genetically modified the worms so that they will swim away from pancreatic cancer samples.

Studies of the tests showed it was more effective at detecting bladder cancer tumors than other widely used methods of detection, such as blood tests.

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most deadly types because it is hard to catch early due to a lack of symptoms, and by the time it is caught it’s usually too late.

Roughly 50,000 Americans die of pancreatic cancer every year, and just one in 10 people survive five years after a diagnosis.

Because of the way it is sold straight to patients, the test wouldn’t need FDA approval to be made available in the US.

Hirotsu said: ‘What’s very important with early detection of cancer and these kinds of diseases is being able to sense very trace amounts. 

‘And when it comes to that, I think that machines don’t stand a chance against the capabilities that living organisms have.’

Hirotsu Bio launched its first N-NOSE test in January 2020, which claimed to tell if users were at a high risk of cancer.

Around a quarter of a million people have taken the test, with five to six per cent receiving high-risk readings.

The pancreas test kits are sold directly to consumers, rather than a healthcare professional referring patients for the test, and cost $505.

Hirotsu focused on pancreatic cancer first because it is hard to diagnose and progresses very quickly.

There is also no single diagnostic test which can determine if a person has pancreatic cancer. 

The company plans to roll out similar test for liver, cervical and breast cancer in the next few years.

But some doctors are skeptical of the results and consumer-based approach.

Masahiro Kami, the head of the Medical Governance Research Institute think tank in Tokyo, warned that false positives could greatly outnumber actual cases of pancreatic cancer, making the results ‘not usable’.

Hirotsu argued that the accuracy of the test is competitive with other diagnostic tools and is intended as an early checking method so patients can access further testing and treatment without delay.

Hirotsu Bio Science chief technical officer Eric Di Luccio examines nematodes in a petri dish at the company’s lab in Fujisawa, Japan

TV ads using caricatures of the worms and the pancreas are being used in Japan to flog the tests, and will help the company build its brand, Mr Hirotsu said.

If the company can scale up, the test’s hefty price tag may reduce over time, he added.

Asked if he particularly likes worms, Mr Hirotsu said: ‘I feel like I have to give the answer that I love nematodes and I find them cute, but that’s not the case at all.

‘Really, I just think of them as research materials and nothing more.’

WHAT IS PANCREATIC CANCER? 

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal forms of the disease. Around 95 percent of people who contract it die from it.  

Joan Crawford, Patrick Swayze and Luciano Pavarotti all died of pancreatic cancer. 

It is the fourth-leading cancer killer in the United States. Around 10,000 people are diagnosed with pancreatic cancer each year in the UK, and 50,000 in the US.

WHAT IS THE CAUSE? 

It is caused by the abnormal and uncontrolled growth of cells in the pancreas – a large gland in the digestive system.

WHO HAS THE HIGHEST RISK?

Most cases (90 percent) are in people over the age of 55. Around half of all new cases occur in people aged 75 or older. One in 10 cases are attributed to genetics.

Other causes include age, smoking and other health conditions, including diabetes. About 80 percent of pancreatic cancer patients have some form of diabetes. 

WHY IS IT SO LETHAL?

Pancreatic cancer typically does not show symptoms in the early stages, when it would be more manageable. 

Sufferers tend to start developing the tell-tale signs – jaundice and abdominal pain – around stage 3 or 4, when it has likely already spread to other organs. 

WHAT ARE THE SURVIVAL RATES? 

For all stages of pancreatic cancer combined, the one-year survival rate is 20 percent. At five years, that rate falls to just nine percent. 

If the cancer is caught in stage 1A, the five year survival rates is about 14 percent and 12 percent for 1B. 

At stage 2, those rates are seven and five percent, respectively. For a pancreatic cancer in its third stage, only three percent of people will survive another five years. 

By stage IV, the five-year survival rate falls to just one percent.  

WHAT ARE THE TREATMENT OPTIONS? 

The only effective treatment is removal of the pancreas. This proves largely ineffective for those whose cancer has spread to other organs. In those cases, palliative care is advised to ease their pain at the end of their life.

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Woman diagnosed with 12 tumors in her lifetime has a never-before-seen genetic mutation

A woman developed 12 tumors — seven benign and five cancerous — before her 40th birthday. Medical researchers recently discovered why she’s so prone to the abnormal growths: She carries a set of genetic mutations never seen before in humans.

The woman, now 36 years old, carries two mutant copies of a gene called MAD1L1, one from each parent, according to a new report, published Wednesday (Nov. 2) in the journal Science Advances (opens in new tab). The gene codes for a protein called MAD1, which fulfills a crucial role in cell division.

When one cell splits into two, it first duplicates all its DNA and then packages the genetic material into compact structures called chromosomes. The chromosomes then line up neatly along the cell’s midline and get yanked in half; that way, when the mother cell splits in two, half of the DNA ends up in each daughter cell. The MAD1 protein helps ensure that the chromosomes line up correctly during this process, so all cells end up with the usual 23 pairs of chromosomes, according to UniProt (opens in new tab), a database of protein sequence and functional information.

When lab mice carry two mutant copies of MAD1L1, the rodents die in the womb. However, in the woman’s case, she’s survived into adulthood but has been extremely susceptible to tumors throughout her life. She developed her first cancerous tumor at age 2 and her most recent one at age 28.

Related: Drug tricks cancer cells by impersonating a virus

“It was very difficult to understand how this woman could survive with this mutation,” co-senior author Marcos Malumbres (opens in new tab), head of the Cell Division and Cancer Group at the Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO) in Madrid, told the Spanish newspaper El País (opens in new tab). “There had to be something else that had helped her escape [death],” Malumbres said, according to a translation by Live Science. 

An analysis of the patient’s blood revealed that about 30% to 40% of her circulating blood cells carry an abnormal number of chromosomes — either too many or too few. 

Other genetic mutations besides those affecting MAD1L1 can cause people to carry cells with different numbers of chromosomes. In some patients, but not all, this seems to raise the risk of cancer, the researchers noted in their report. About 90% of cancerous tumors carry cells with extra or missing chromosomes, according to the National Cancer Institute (opens in new tab); however, scientists are still investigating exactly how this genetic quirk contributes to cancer’s growth and spread. 

Despite having cancer five times, the patient was treated relatively easily each time she developed the disease. And since her last tumor was removed in 2014, the patient hasn’t developed another. The medical researchers think this may be thanks to her unique immune system

In their analyses, the team found that the presence of cells with abnormal numbers of chromosomes kicked off a defensive immune response in cells with the typical 23 pairs. These immune cells drive inflammation throughout the woman’s body, and by spewing specific molecules and inflammatory substances, the cells may help the immune system spot and destroy cancerous tumors when they arise. This may explain why the patient responded well to cancer treatments, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgeries, the team theorizes.

“The constant production of altered cells has generated a chronic defensive response in the patient against these cells, and that helps the tumours to disappear,” Malumbres said in a statement (opens in new tab). The team hopes to study the woman’s immune defenses further, to see if they could recreate them in other cancer patients. 

“We think that boosting the immune response of other patients would help them to halt the tumoural development,” Malumbres said. At least conceptually, such a treatment would be similar to existing immunotherapies designed to boost the immune system’s ability to target and kill cancer cells.

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Woman, 36, with ‘one-in-8billion’ genes has survived TWELVE tumors could hold key to cancer

A woman who has survived a dozen different tumors could hold the secret to curing cancer, scientists claim. 

The unnamed patient, 36, was diagnosed with her first mass when she was a toddler and a new growth has formed every couple of years in different parts of her body since.

Of her 12 tumors that doctors know about, at least five were cancerous — forming in her brain, cervix and colon. 

Researchers in Spain who are monitoring her condition say her immune system is ‘exceptional’ at shutting down cancer.

She is believed to be the only person in the world with a genetic quirk that serves as a double-edged sword.

On one hand, she has an unnatural ability able to defeat cancerous growths. but on the other, it makes them extremely susceptible to tumors forming in the first place.

She possess two mutation on the MAD1L1 gene, which in normal circumstances should kill an embryo before it gets a chance to develop in utero.

The gene is crucial in the process of a cell splitting and proliferating and the mutations cause it to go haywire and start over-replicating itself.

When the cell begins to split at a rate that is not necessary it can lead to tumorous growth which can often form into cancer. 

Dr Marcus Malumbres, head of the cancer group at the Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), said: ‘We still don’t understand how this individual could have developed during the embryonic stage, nor could have overcome all these pathologies.’

A woman, 36, has a rare mutation that leads to her cells rapidly replicating. As a result, she has suffered a dozen tumors throughout her life. The same mutation that causes the growth also protects her from it, as it leads to the rapid production of defense cells. (file photo)

The woman was examined at the CNIO cancer researcher center in Madrid, Spain (pictured)

How a rare mutation makes a woman more vulnerable to cancer – while also letting her fight it off

A 36 year old woman who was examined by doctors in Spain has developed a dozen tumors – at least five of which were cancerous.

She has a rare pair of mutations on her MAD1L1 genes which would usually lead to death in embryo.

The gene is responsible for a cell’s splitting and proliferation. Mutations to it will impact how a person’s cells replicate.

As a result of these mutations, the woman is more likely to suffer unneeded tissue growth, which can lead to the formation of a tumor.

These tumors can often be cancerous, as this woman has experienced all throughout her life – with a first mass being detected when she was only a toddler.

Interestingly, the same mutation causing her to suffer the disease so frequently also saves her from it.

Her body produces lymphocytes at a rapid rate, and the identical copies of the immune cells come with mutations that make them highly effective at fighting the cancer. 

Each of her lymphocytes has an abnormal number of chromosomes, making them more effective against tumorous growth.

As a result, her body also fights off cancers and tumors with ease. 

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A team from the CNIO in Madrid published their case report on the person on Wednesday.

Scientists found the woman was more likely to develop tumors and cancers because of mutations to the MAD1L1 gene. Her condition is so rare it does not have a name. 

The person also has skin spots, microcephaly – a condition where a baby’s head is much smaller than expected – and other physical conditions.

When the patient first visited the CNIO’s Familial Cancer Clinical Unit, a blood sample was taken to sequence the genes most frequently involved in hereditary cancer, but no alteration was detected in them.

Researchers then analysed the female’s entire genome and found mutations in a gene called MAD1L1.

This gene is essential in the process of cell division and proliferation.

Researchers analysed the effect of the mutations, and concluded they cause alterations in the number of chromosomes in the cells – all cells in the human body – have 23 pairs of chromosomes.

Animal models have suggested that when there are mutations in both copies of this gene – each coming from one parent – the embryo dies.

To the astonishment of the researchers, the person in this case has mutations in both copies but has survived, living as normal a life as can be expected of someone suffering from ill health.

According to Miguel Urioste, the co-author of the study who headed the CNIO’s Familial Cancer Clinical Unit until his retirement in January this year said no other case like this has ever been described.

He said: ‘Academically we cannot speak of a new syndrome because it is the description of a single case, but biologically it is.’

While other genes whose mutations alter the number of chromosomes in cells are known, researchers say this case is different because of the aggressiveness, the percentage of aberrations it produces and the extreme susceptibility to a large number of different tumours.

The search team was intrigued by the fact that the five aggressive cancers developed by the patient disappeared relatively easily.

Their hypothesis is that ‘the constant production of altered cells has generated a chronic defensive response in the patient against these cells, and that helps the tumours to disappear’.

‘We think that boosting the immune response of other patients would help them to halt the tumoural development,’ explained Dr Malumbres.

Researchers say one of the most important aspects of the study is the discovery that the immune system is capable of unleashing a defensive response against cells with the wrong number of chromosomes.

The findings may open up new therapeutic options in the future, they suggest.

The study is published in the Science Advances journal.

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