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Science

Google’s Periodic Table | Hackaday

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One of the nice things about the Internet is that you don’t need huge reference books anymore. You really don’t need big wall charts, either. A case in point: what science classroom didn’t have a periodic table of the elements? Now you can just look up an interactive one from Google. They say it is 3D and we suppose that’s the animations of the Bohr model for each atom. You can debate if it is a good idea to show people Bohr models or not, but it is what most of us learned, after all.

While the website is probably aimed more at students, it is a handy way to look up element properties and it is visually attractive, too. You probably remember, the columns are no accident in a periodic table, so the actual format doesn’t vary from one instance of it to another. However, we liked the col coding and the information panel that appears when you click on an element.

Not that we haven’t seen interactive online tables before. There’s Ptable, for example, or one from a Royal Society, no less. If you want to go commercial, there’s always Fisher — a well-known name around the lab. Their table is pretty simple from a technical point of view, but they have longer writeups about each element.

Granted, we don’t reach for a periodic table every day. But we do need some of that data sometimes. If you need a refresher on what to do with it, talk to [Will Sweatman]. If you prefer to make everything a game, try periodic table Battleship. Meanwhile, for extra credit, try figuring out what other elements are missing from [Tom Lehrer’s] song in the video below without looking at the tables.

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Sports

Closing ceremony wraps Tokyo 2020 after Team USA tops medal table

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Team USA won more gold medals — and more medals overall — than any other country in the Games.

A total of 626 athletes competed for the USA at the Tokyo 2020 games, clinching 39 gold, 41 silver and 33 bronze medals for a grand total of 113 medals in 28 different sports. Overall, 257 members of Team USA won a medal, including 164 women and 93 men.

China and Japan, the host-country, were closest to matching the American gold-medal haul, winning 38 and 27 medals, respectively. The battle for most gold medals came down to the final day of competition, as Team USA’s wins in women’s volleyball and women’s basketball pushed the country to the top of the chart.

In the total medal count, China finished in second with 88 medals, followed by the Russian Olympic Committee with 71 medals.

Team USA has now won the most medals at the Summer Olympics for seven consecutive Games, dating back to 1996.

Swimmer Caeleb Dressel won five gold medals, making him the winningest athlete of any nation at these Games.

“We kept our team safe and we’re coming home successful,” said Sarah Hirshland, CEO of the United States Olympic & Paralympic Committee. “The Tokyo 2020 Games have been remarkable in so many ways and I’m filled with gratitude and pride.”

“The athletes of Team USA honored themselves, their communities, their families, and all of us with their excellent performances in Tokyo,” said Rick Adams, USOPC chief of sport performance and Team USA chef de mission.

A record 94 nations won medals at the Tokyo 2020 games, including Turkmenistan, San Marino and Burkina Faso — all of which claimed their first Olympic medals ever.

Japan, Italy, Netherlands, Brazil, New Zealand, Chinese Taipei and Turkey also set new records for most medals secured at a single Olympic Games.

CNN’s Eric Levenson contributed to this report.

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Health

US coronavirus: Mask mandates are back on the table as Covid-19 surges nationwide

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Now, with Covid-19 cases and hospitalizations increasing throughout the nation, safety precautions such as mask mandates are once again under consideration.
Former US Surgeon General Dr. Jerome Adams said on Friday that the CDC needs to clarify its messaging to get Americans back on board with stemming the rising tide of infections.
The CDC’s decision “was putting trust in the American people to really do the right thing, but unfortunately people chose to go out and pull their mask off, whether they were vaccinated or not,” Adams told CNN’s Anderson Cooper.

“We’ve got to trust our health officials to give the best advice they can at the time, and the CDC gave the best advice they could at the time,” he added. “But guess what? That was pre-Delta surge. The Delta variant is changing things.”

The Delta variant, believed to be more transmittable and dangerous, accounted for an estimated 83% of coronavirus cases in the US according to data this week from the CDC, which is a substantial rise from negligible numbers in early May.
Every state has a seven-day average of new Covid-19 cases that matched or exceeded the week before, according to the latest figures Friday from Johns Hopkins University.
Health experts have repeatedly pointed to preemptive vaccination as the best way to get ahead of surges due to their proven efficacy, but CDC data Friday showed that the rate of vaccinations continues to slow. The daily average of people becoming fully vaccinated is the lowest it’s been since the end of January, when the US was just beginning to ramp up its vaccination drive.

Thirty states have yet to fully vaccinate at least half of their residents, with Alabama and Mississippi at less than 35% fully vaccinated, according to the CDC.

In Alabama, Gov. Kay Ivey on Thursday called out “the unvaccinated folks” for the rise in Covid-19 cases. “Folks are supposed to have common sense. But it’s time to start blaming the unvaccinated folks, not the regular folks. It’s the unvaccinated folks that are letting us down,” she told reporters in Birmingham.

With numbers lagging, officials say more countermeasures against Covid-19 are likely needed.

Guidance on mask wearing from the CDC has not changed, but CDC Director Rochelle Walensky said Thursday localities may want to make their own call.

“Communities and individuals need to make the decisions that are right for them based on what’s going on in their local areas,” she said. “So if you’re an area that has a high case rate and low rates of vaccination where Delta cases are rising, you should certainly be wearing a mask if you are unvaccinated.”

Mask mandates are met with opposition

Amid the rising numbers of infections, some state and local leaders are now recommending that masks to be worn indoors even by those who are vaccinated.

Health officials in Seattle and King County in Washington noted Friday that the Delta variant’s prevalence in the US was 1.4% on May 13 when the CDC lifted mask requirements for vaccinated people. Right now, Delta makes up 56% of King County’s known infections and the figure is expected to rise.

“I know this is frustrating and maybe disappointing to many, it certainly is to me,” Dr. Jeffrey Duchin, health officer for the Seattle and King County public health department said Friday.

“And I acknowledged that the change in communication,” he said, “has been a real problem nationally, but we in public health have an obligation to be realistic about the changing situation and provide the best guidance possible.”

Officials in St. Louis, Missouri, have gone one step further by instituting an indoor mask mandate at public settings beginning on Monday, joining Los Angeles County as one of the first areas in the country to reinstate such measures.

Missouri has one of the highest rates of average new daily cases per capita, according to Johns Hopkins University data.

“The new rule will require everyone age five and over, including those who are vaccinated, to wear a mask. Wearing masks outdoors, especially in group settings, will be strongly encouraged,” according to a statement from the mayor’s office. Exceptions are included for those seated and eating at bars and restaurants.

“We’ve lost more than 500 St. Louisans to Covid-19, and if our region doesn’t work together to protect one another, we could see spikes that overwhelm our hospital and public health systems,” said Dr. Fredrick Echols, acting director of health for the City of St. Louis.

However, Missouri State Attorney General Eric Schmitt said on Friday that he will be going to court to stop the requirement.

“The citizens of St. Louis and St. Louis County are not subjects — they are free people. As their Attorney General I’ll be filing suit Monday to stop this insanity,” Schmitt said in a statement on Twitter.

Officials elsewhere are also pushing back against proposed indoor mandates. Arizona Gov. Doug Ducey encouraged people in his state to get the vaccine, thanking “the miracle of modern science” but reiterated that he will not allow vaccine or mask mandates.

In Texas, Austin Mayor Steve Adler says if he could “order all children and teachers to mask without ending up in court” he “would do it in a heartbeat,” as Austin Public Health reported the daily average number of Covid-19 hospitalizations has more than tripled since July 4.

Texas Gov. Greg Abbott, however, issued an executive order in May prohibiting state governmental entities such as counties from requiring mask-wearing.

Safety restrictions are instituted for new school year

With the new school year around the corner — and vaccine access only available to those over the age of 12 — some districts are preparing for a return to classes with mask mandates.

Washington DC Public Schools, Boston Public Schools, and Wisconsin’s Madison Metropolitan School District are among those that recently announced the requiring of masks worn by students and staff inside school buildings.

Yet other locales, such as Texas and Iowa, have prevented officials from exercising local control by requiring masks.

Last week, California had announced strict statewide measures for masks in classrooms, yet changed its stance hours later and allowed for local decision-making.

“California’s school guidance will be clarified regarding masking enforcement, recognizing local schools’ experience in keeping students and educators safe while ensuring schools fully reopen for in-person instruction,” read the update, which was released via a California Department of Public Health tweet.

CNN’s Lauren Mascarenhas, Raja Razek, Chris Boyette, Roxanne Garcia, Deidre McPhillips, Carma Hassan, Cheri Mossburg and Joe Sutton contributed to this report.



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Business

Virgil Abloh Gets a Seat at the Power Table

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Virgil Abloh — the fashion designer, DJ and pundit of pop culture — is about to become the most powerful Black executive at the most powerful luxury goods group in the world.

On Tuesday, LVMH announced it was acquiring a 60 percent stake in Off-White, the luxury streetwear brand Mr. Abloh founded in 2013 and which he still designs, alongside his job as artistic director of Louis Vuitton men’s wear.

In addition, Mr. Abloh, 40, will be taking on a bigger role within LVMH, working across such categories as Wine and Spirits (LVMH owns Krug, Dom Pérignon and Hennessy, among 30 brands) and Hospitality (more than 50 hotels, including the Cipriani in Venice and Le Manoir aux Quat’Saisons in Oxfordshire), smashing silos and bringing more diverse voices to a variety of brands.

“I’m getting a seat at the table,” Mr. Abloh said cheerfully, speaking by Zoom from Chicago, where he lives.

Though his job definition is still fairly nebulous (chief disruption officer?), the news gives Mr. Abloh, a first generation Ghanaian-American, a fairly broad remit and makes Off-White one of the rare brands in the LVMH stable not rooted in European heritage.

It also marks a potential new stage in the evolution of LVMH, which has emerged from the pandemic with its shares up 60 percent this year, and has had such a good first quarter (revenues are up 30 percent compared to the same period in 2020, pre-Covid) that its chairman, Bernard Arnault, was briefly the richest man in the world.

“We’re not trying to emulate a model that already exists,” Michael Burke, the chief executive of Louis Vuitton, said of Mr. Abloh’s new role. “It’s more like what Bernard Arnault did when he bought Dior and decided to create a federation of luxury brands.” That is, shake up the status quo.

Now Mr. Arnault is trying to kick his own organization out of its comfort zone with Mr. Abloh as the zeitgeist whisperer.

The new arrangement is akin to the collaborations Mr. Abloh specializes in — with Ikea, Nike, Champion, Vitra and Equinox, to name a few — but pumped up on a protein drink and with long-term implications. Mr. Abloh isn’t just getting a cool-sounding new gig; he’s getting an equity stake in whatever cross-pollinated projects he develops.

“We try to make the founders turn over in their graves, but in the best way,” Mr. Burke said. “Some of our biggest brands have a tendency not to see it’s in their best interests to stay plugged into the contemporary world.”

Being “plugged into the contemporary world” has not been a problem for Mr. Abloh, who is often compared to Jeff Koons, refers to himself as a “maker” rather than a designer and touts the “3 percent approach,” which holds that changing just 3 percent of a design is enough to make it qualify as new.

LVMH has been vocal about its commitments to diversity, equity and inclusion, though it has an entirely white board and executive committee. It did not help that LVMH put Fenty, its short-lived experiment at building a direct-to-consumer brand from scratch with Rihanna, on hold last year (though the company remains involved with Rihanna through her cosmetics brand).

The new arrangement with Mr. Abloh and Off-White is part of a flurry of activity on the part of LVMH. It bought Tiffany last year in the largest deal in luxury (its new ad campaign reads: “Not your mother’s Tiffany”). Last week it announced it was taking a minority stake in Phoebe Philo’s new namesake venture; last month it reopened the renovated department store La Samaritaine with an appearance by President Emmanuel Macron; and later this year the ultraluxury Cheval Blanc hotel and Dior spa will open in Paris.

The deal also positions Off-White, which is most famous for its ironic deployment of quotation marks (and tendency to quote not just phrases but, arguably, styles) for what Mr. Abloh terms “generational growth.”

Though Off-White, the company, will still be operated by New Guards Group, the Italian manufacturing company that owns the license for the brand (and is itself owned by Farfetch), Off-White LLC, which owns the trademark, will be incorporated into the LVMH Fashion and Leather Goods Group. Terms of the deal were not disclosed, though Mr. Burke said “it took about five minutes to come to an agreement.”

LVMH has a history of acquiring or buying a minority stake in the personal brands of the designers it hires to work with its heritage labels. This is a pattern it developed with John Galliano when he was the creative director of Dior (when he was fired, he also lost his rights to his name); Marc Jacobs, whose brand is still part of LVMH; and JW Anderson, the creative director of Loewe.

Still, according to Mr. Burke, Off-White is the largest such brand LVMH has ever acquired, with 56 stores globally, and a presence in 40 countries.

Mr. Abloh said he hopes the deal will ensure that Off-White will be “on historic corners all over the world for years to come.” He also said the partnership would be used to expand Off-White into categories like cosmetics and home wares, as well as to grow the leather goods side of the business.

Mr. Abloh, who has a degree in engineering and no formal fashion training (his mother, a seamstress, taught him to sew), began his relationship with LVMH in 2007 when he was creative director for Kanye West and the two interned at Fendi, the Italian brand. In 2015, he was a finalist for the LVMH prize for young designers, and in 2018, he was named men’s wear designer of Louis Vuitton.

In 2020, after the murder of George Floyd, Mr. Abloh established the Postmodern Scholarship Fund to help Black students and promote diversity in fashion. Louis Vuitton was one of the first backers of the fund, which raised about $1 million; three beneficiaries of the scholarship are interning at Vuitton.

“The idea is to develop a trajectory I wish I had had when I was starting out,” Mr. Abloh said . His new role, he added, is to open doors for nontraditional luxury candidates at all points of the industry, from entry level to the top. Maybe especially at the top. “I focus on relevancy,” he said. “Relevancy is my metric.”

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US

Donald and Melania Trump Eat Alone at a ‘Roped-Off Table’ at Mar-A-Lago: Book

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  • Former President Donald Trump and his wife Melania often eat alone at a “roped-off table” at a Mar-a-Lago, Michael Wolff’s new book says.
  • The book says the Trumps “spend their dinner greeting friends and wellwishers.”
  • It’s “unclear” whether Melania Trump lives at Mar-a-Lago with the former president, the book says.
  • See more stories on Insider’s business page.

Former President Donald Trump and his wife Melania often eat alone at a “roped-off table” in the center of a Mar-a-Lago patio restaurant when she is there, a forthcoming book by journalist Michael Wolff says.

The Trumps are “looked at, somewhat, like zoo animals. No, no, that’s not right. They are like a newly married couple: every night is a wedding at which they spend their dinner greeting friends and wellwishers,” Wolff writes in excerpt of the book  “Landslide: The Final Days of the Trump Presidency” published by The Times of London. 

Since leaving the White House, Trump has lived at his club in Florida, receiving GOP senators and members of Congress who are seeking his endorsement. He eats dinner most evenings on the patio, appearing just as it has filled, “at which point everyone stands and applauds,” Wolff writes.

The book, however, questions whether Melania Trump lives there, as well.

“For four years in the White House, it was never quite clear how much time she was spending at the White House or in a house in Maryland where she had settled her parents,”  Wolff writes. “Aides were careful not to closely inquire or openly wonder. Here too, in Mar-a-Lago, it was unclear.”

Melania Trump made headlines at the start of the Trump administration by not immediately moving into the White House. She stayed with their son Barron in New York City until the end of his school year, a decision that reportedly cost about $27 million for security.

Melania Trump now has her own official office but she’s stayed out of the limelight.

“She’s not a presence at Mar-a-Lago at all. She’s not mingling with people and rarely interacts with her husband’s staff,” a person close to the couple told CNN in April.

CNN reported the couple shares “a large suite of rooms” at the property and that her parents stay there for weeks at a time in their own personal suite. Melania Trump also “makes frequent trips to the on-site spa — with one person telling CNN she sometimes goes for treatments twice a day,” according to the news outlet.

Three people familiar with Trump’s dinner appearances told CNN she “smiles and gives a wave as other dinner patrons rise from their seats to applaud the arrival of the former first couple to the dining area.”

Wolff’s book describes an “old-fashioned club life” at Mar-a-Lago, with Croquet Singles, a Prime Rib Night, and poster boards with the schedule. 

“The only membership qualification now, beyond the actual cost ($250,000, up from $150,000 before the presidency, plus a hefty yearly fee), is to be an abject Trump admirer,” Wolff writes. “This may not be so much a political statement as an aesthetic one — the thrall of a super-celebrity.”

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US

‘Everything is on the table’: Senate prepares for showdown over filibuster | US news

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The US Senate is rapidly hurtling towards a high stakes showdown over the filibuster, a once arcane procedural maneuver that stands in the way of Democratic efforts to pass sweeping voting rights legislation, among other measures.

A fight over the filibuster, which sets a 60-vote threshold to move legislation forward, seemed inevitable after Democrats narrowly took control of the senate in January. But urgency has escalated in recent weeks as Republicans in state legislatures across the country aggressively push new voting restrictions.

The Senate last week introduced S1, a vast voting rights bill that already passed the US House. With the filibuster fully in place, it doesn’t stand a chance of passing.

And the problem for Democrats is that there is no consensus in the Senate caucus about what, exactly, they should do about the filibuster. Some Senate Democrats, Joe Manchin of West Virginia and Kyrsten Sinema of Arizona the most prominent among them, are staunchly opposed to getting rid of the procedure entirely, saying it guarantees the minority has input into lawmaking. That means Senate Democrats will probably have to find some way of moderating the rule to allow them to pass legislation.

“The filibuster as is, the status quo, is not sustainable and it will not be like this in 12 months,” said Rahm Emanuel, the former Chicago mayor who served as Barack Obama’s chief of staff. “The thing we don’t know is what changes are palpable to the senators.”

There are a range of ideas floating around. One that seems to be gathering support is the so-called talking filibuster. It would require senators who want to filibuster a bill to actually speak on the floor for the entire time they want to hold up the legislation. Other ideas include exempting voting rights legislation from the filibuster or lowering the 60-vote threshold to move forward.

“Everything is on the table,” Chuck Schumer, the Senate majority leader, said on Wednesday.

Joe Biden has long opposed getting rid of the filibuster. But this week he energized advocates by endorsing the talking filibuster.

“It’s getting to the point where, you know, democracy is having a hard time functioning,” he told ABC’s George Stephanopoulos.

Manchin said on Thursday that he welcomed Biden’s stance on the issue.

“I think it’s encouraging that President Biden understands this process and wants it to work so at least he’s taking a stance. We’ll see what comes out,” he said. “It’s important to have the minority participation in the Senate because without it you’ve got nothing.”

Privately, Schumer reiterated what he has said publicly to advocates this week, saying the caucus was united and the bill would be brought to the Senate floor, according to a person familiar with the meeting. He did not say what the Democratic strategy on the filibuster would be.

Senator Chris Coons, a Democrat and another strong defender of the maneuver, said the talking filibuster was “worth exploring but there are a lot of consequences”.

Democrats are raising the temperature on the need for reform. Last summer, Barack Obama called for getting rid of the filibuster, describing it as a “Jim Crow relic”. Elizabeth Warren this week said the filibuster “has deep roots in racism”. Senator Raphael Warnock, who became Georgia’s first Black senator in January, gave a stirring speech on the Senate floor this week on the need to protect voting rights.

“This issue is bigger than the filibuster,” he said. “It is a contradiction to say we must protect minority rights in the Senate while refusing to protect minority rights in the society.”

Asked whether he could persuade some of his colleagues to come around on changing the filibuster, Senator Jeff Merkley, an Oregon Democrat, said he was optimistic.

“The most fundamental aspect of the Republic is access to the ballot box. We have a responsibility to defend it. If we don’t do that we’re not honoring our oath – so let’s figure out how to do it. We’ll figure out that specific path through our conversation,” he said.

But Republicans are digging in their heels, too. Lindsey Graham, the Republican senator from South Carolina, said this week he would use the filibuster to block voting rights and LGBTQ+ legislation, vowing he would “talk until I fell over” if needed.

And Mitch McConnell, the Republican leader, warned earlier this week of a “scorched earth” senate if Democrats got rid of the filibuster. He vowed he would use every procedural maneuver available to block the senate from moving forward.

“Nobody serving in this chamber can even begin to imagine what a completely scorched-earth Senate would look like,” McConnell said. “Even the most basic aspects of our colleagues’ agenda, the most mundane tasks of the Biden presidency, would be harder, not easier, for Democrats in a post-‘nuclear’ Senate that’s 50-50.”

McConnell sent that warning even though it was he who eliminated the filibuster for supreme court nominees in 2017 to get Neil Gorsuch confirmed.

Despite those warnings, Stephen Spaulding, senior counsel for public policy and government affairs at Common Cause, a government watchdog group, said that Democrats needed to keep every option on the table.

“Senate Democrats have the majority and they need to have the ability to govern,” he said. “This idea that it can be costless to filibuster, that you can essentially raise your hands behind closed doors and grind everything to a halt, is unacceptable.”

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Science

Can super-Earth interior dynamics set the table for habitability?

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An illustration showing how a combination of static high-pressure synthesis techniques and dynamic methods enabled the researchers to probe the magnesium silicate bridgmanite, believed to be predominate in the mantles of rocky planets, under extreme conditions mimicking the interior of a super-Earth. Credit: Yingwei Fei. Sandia Z Machine photograph by Randy Montoya, Sandia National Laboratories.

New research led by Carnegie’s Yingwei Fei provides a framework for understanding the interiors of super-Earths—rocky exoplanets between 1.5 and 2 times the size of our home planet—which is a prerequisite to assess their potential for habitability. Planets of this size are among the most abundant in exoplanetary systems. The paper is published in Nature Communications.

“Although observations of an exoplanet’s atmospheric composition will be the first way to search for signatures of life beyond Earth, many aspects of a planet’s surface habitability are influenced by what’s happening beneath the planet’s surface, and that’s where Carnegie researcher’s longstanding expertise in the properties of rocky materials under extreme temperatures and pressures comes in,” explained Earth and Planets Laboratory Director Richard Carlson.

On Earth, the interior dynamics and structure of the silicate mantle and metallic core drive plate tectonics, and generate the geodynamo that powers our magnetic field and shields us from dangerous ionizing particles and cosmic rays. Life as we know it would be impossible without this protection. Similarly, the interior dynamics and structure of super-Earths will shape the surface conditions of the planet.

With exciting discoveries of a diversity of rocky exoplanets in recent decades, are much-more-massive super-Earths capable of creating conditions that are hospitable for life to arise and thrive?

Knowledge of what’s occurring beneath a super-Earth’s surface is crucial for determining whether or not a distant world is capable of hosting life. But the extreme conditions of super-Earth-mass planetary interiors challenge researchers’ ability to probe the material properties of the minerals likely to exist there.

That’s where lab-based mimicry comes in.

An illustration of a scientist using lab-based techniques to probe the conditions likely in exoplanet interiors. Credit: Katherine Cain, Carnegie Institution for Science.

For decades, Carnegie researchers have been leaders at recreating the conditions of planetary interiors by putting small samples of material under immense pressures and high temperatures. But sometimes even these techniques reach their limitations.

“In order to build models that allow us to understand the interior dynamics and structure of super-Earths, we need to be able to take data from samples that approximate the conditions that would be found there, which could exceed 14 million times atmospheric pressure,” Fei explained. “However, we kept running up against limitations when it came to creating these conditions in the lab. “

A breakthrough occurred when the team—including Carnegie’s Asmaa Boujibar and Peter Driscoll, along with Christopher Seagle, Joshua Townsend, Chad McCoy, Luke Shulenburger, and Michael Furnish of Sandia National Laboratories—was granted access to the world’s most powerful, magnetically-driven pulsed power machine (Sandia’s Z Pulsed Power Facility) to directly shock a high-density sample of bridgmanite—a high-pressure magnesium silicate that is believed to be predominant in the mantles of rocky planets—in order to expose it to the extreme conditions relevant to the interior of super-Earths.

A series of hypervelocity shockwave experiments on representative super-Earth mantle material provided density and melting temperature measurements that will be fundamental for interpreting the observed masses and radii of super-Earths.

The researchers found that under pressures representative of super-Earth interiors, bridgmanite has a very high melting point, which would have important implications for interior dynamics. Under certain thermal evolutionary scenarios, they say, massive rocky planets might have a thermally driven geodynamo early in their evolution, then lose it for billions of years when cooling slows down. A sustained geodynamo could eventually be re-started by the movement of lighter elements through inner core crystallization.

“The ability to make these measurements is crucial to developing reliable models of the internal structure of super-Earths up to eight times our planet’s mass,” Fei added. “These results will make a profound impact on our ability to interpret observational data.”

Super-Earth atmospheres probed at Sandia’s Z machine

More information:
Yingwei Fei et al, Melting and density of MgSiO3 determined by shock compression of bridgmanite to 1254GPa, Nature Communications (2021). DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21170-y
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Carnegie Institution for Science

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Can super-Earth interior dynamics set the table for habitability? (2021, February 9)
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