Tag Archives: surviving

Gisele Bündchen: “Before I was more surviving, and now I’m living” – CBS News

  1. Gisele Bündchen: “Before I was more surviving, and now I’m living” CBS News
  2. Gisele Bündchen says she felt ‘suffocated’ and had self-destructive thoughts from stress of modeling CNN
  3. Gisele Bündchen on modeling, divorce, and her true self CBS Sunday Morning
  4. Gisele Bündchen Commented On Her Life Post-Divorce From Tom Brady About How The Split Wasn’t What She “Dreamed Of” BuzzFeed
  5. Gisele Bündchen Shows Off Youthful Glow At 43 After Cutting Back On Alcohol: ‘I Became More Clear’ SheFinds
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Mushroom deaths: Leongatha locals make extraordinary offer to help surviving member from fatal lunch, Ian Wilk – Daily Mail

  1. Mushroom deaths: Leongatha locals make extraordinary offer to help surviving member from fatal lunch, Ian Wilk Daily Mail
  2. Deadly ‘mushroom poisoning’: The family lunch mystery gripping Australia The Independent
  3. Man whose parents were killed after lunch with his ex ‘suspects’ she had tried to poison him New York Post
  4. Mushroom deaths unsettle tight Victorian community: ‘Thrust into spotlight’ Yahoo News Australia
  5. Leongatha deaths: Investigators await toxicology report over suspected mushroom poisoning | ABC News ABC News (Australia)
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John Lydon on Surviving Grief, Donald Trump, the Queen, Sex Pistols Biopic and New Public Image Album: ‘I’m Very Much Alive, You F—ers!’ – Variety

  1. John Lydon on Surviving Grief, Donald Trump, the Queen, Sex Pistols Biopic and New Public Image Album: ‘I’m Very Much Alive, You F—ers!’ Variety
  2. PiL’s John Lydon on caring for late wife in final stages of Alzheimer’s: ‘She really never forgot me. Not ever. Not once.’ Yahoo Entertainment
  3. John Lydon Interviewed: “Anything that gets me doing the same thing over and over again, I have to walk away from.” MOJO
  4. John Lydon calls Donald Trump “the Sex Pistols of politics” Far Out Magazine
  5. John Lydon on grief of losing his beloved wife Nora and Sex Pistols court feud with ex bandmates… The Irish Sun
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Attorneys for the Idaho murder suspect want a surviving roommate to testify. She is resisting the effort – East Idaho News

  1. Attorneys for the Idaho murder suspect want a surviving roommate to testify. She is resisting the effort East Idaho News
  2. Surviving roommate in murders of Idaho students fights subpoena to testify NBC News
  3. Idaho Murder Suspect Bryan Kohberger Claims Surviving Roommate Has Evidence That May Help Clear His Name Yahoo Entertainment
  4. Attorneys for the Idaho murder suspect want a surviving roommate to testify. She is resisting the effort – Local News 8 LocalNews8.com
  5. Bryan Kohberger’s attorney, survivor’s attorney at odds over whether survivor should be at preliminary hearing bigcountrynewsconnection.com
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Macron to address government plan, protests after surviving no-confidence vote on pension reform – Fox Business

  1. Macron to address government plan, protests after surviving no-confidence vote on pension reform Fox Business
  2. French President Macron survives first vote of no confidence NBC News
  3. What We’re Watching: Slim win for Macron, protests in South Africa, Trump’s legal woes, Colombia peace collapsing? GZERO Media
  4. What can we expect from Macron’s live interview on the controversial pension reforms? The Local France
  5. REPLAY: French PM defends contested pension reform as ‘compromise’ • FRANCE 24 English FRANCE 24 English
  6. View Full Coverage on Google News

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Alex Murdaugh trial live coverage: Surviving son Buster to testify today as defence pushes back on crime scene evidence – The Independent

  1. Alex Murdaugh trial live coverage: Surviving son Buster to testify today as defence pushes back on crime scene evidence The Independent
  2. Alex Murdaugh searched online for restaurant minutes after finding slain wife and son New York Post
  3. Alex Murdaugh’s only surviving son is expected to testify as a defense witness in his father’s double-murder trial, source says CNN
  4. Murdaugh searched for restaurant 30 MINUTES after finding wife and son’s bodies Daily Mail
  5. What Buster Murdaugh’s Testimony Could Mean for Father Alex’s Trial Newsweek
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Walter Cunningham: Last surviving Apollo 7 astronaut has died

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Walter Cunningham, a retired NASA astronaut and pilot of the first crewed flight in the space agency’s famed Apollo program, died early Tuesday morning at the age of 90, NASA said.

Cunningham was one of the earliest members of NASA’s human spaceflight program as a member of its third astronaut class, joining the space agency in 1963. He was selected to pilot Apollo 7, the first crewed mission of the NASA program that went on to land humans on the moon for the first time.

“We would like to express our immense pride in the life that he lived, and our deep gratitude for the man that he was — a patriot, an explorer, pilot, astronaut, husband, brother, and father,” the Cunningham family noted in a statement shared by NASA. “The world has lost another true hero, and we will miss him dearly.”

The Apollo 7 mission launched in 1968 and lasted roughly 11 days, sending the crew on a journey into orbit that amounted to a test flight that could demonstrate the Apollo capsule’s ability to rendezvous with another spacecraft in orbit and pave the way for future exploration deeper into space. It was also notable for featuring in the first live TV broadcast of Americans from space, according to NASA.

Cunningham was the last surviving member of the Apollo 7 crew, which also included astronauts Wally Schirra and Donn Eisele.

Born in Creston, Iowa, and a recipient of an honors bachelor’s degree in physics and a masters with distinction in physics from the University of California at Los Angeles, Cunningham was 36 years old when the Apollo 7 mission launched. During an interview with NASA’s Oral History Office in 1999, he reflected on his career path and motivations.

“I’m one of those people that never really looked back. I only recall that when someone asked me after I became an astronaut,” Cunningham said. “All I remember is just kind of keeping my nose to the grindstone and wanting to do the best I could as — I didn’t realize at the time, but that was because I always wanted to be better prepared for the next step. I’ve always been looking to the future. I don’t live in the past.”

Though he ventured into outer space only once, Cunningham went on to become a leader in NASA’s Skylab program, the United States’ first space station that orbited Earth from 1973 to 1979.

Before joining NASA, Cunningham enlisted in the US Navy and began training as a pilot in 1952, according to his official NASA biography, and he served as a fighter pilot with the US Marine Corps on 54 missions in Korea.

“The only thing I can ever recall doing specifically to become an astronaut, because I looked at it that I had become one of, if not the best, fighter pilot in the world,” Cunningham said in the interview with NASA’s Oral History Office.

Cunningham also completed a doctorate in physics at UCLA without completing a thesis, and later, in 1974, he completed an advanced management program at the Harvard Graduate School of Business, according to NASA.

He worked as a physicist for the Rand Corporation, a nonprofit military think tank, prior to joining the astronaut corps.

After leaving the space agency, Cunningham wore many hats, taking on various roles in the private sector. According to his NASA biography, he served in a number of executive roles at development companies, worked as a consultant for startups, became an entrepreneur and investor, and, eventually, became a radio talk show host.

In later years, Cunningham also became an outspoken critic of prevailing notions about humanity’s impact climate change.

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Latest on Idaho murders: College students’ autopsies released as surviving roommates may be ‘key’ to solving case

Video shows mystery man with slain Idaho students

Autopsy findings have been released for the four University of Idaho students murdered in an off-campus home, officially ruling their deaths homicides by stabbing.

Latah County Coroner Cathy Mabbutt confirmed that each victim suffered multiple stab wounds with “a larger knife”, describing their injuries as “pretty extensive”.

DNA samples have been taken from the crime scene as the hunt for the killer or killers continues, with no suspects named and no arrests made five days into the investigation.

Ethan Chapin, 20, Madison Mogen, 21, Xana Kernodle, 20, and Kaylee Goncalves, 21, were found dead inside a home in the small college town of Moscow, Idaho, at around midday on Sunday.

Police were called to the home to a report of an unconscious individual and arrived to find the horror crime scene. Two surviving roommates were in the home at the time of the killings and were still there when officers arrived.

Idaho State Police spokesman Aaron Snell said that the two female students could be “the key to this whole thing”.

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Boyfriend of Idaho university student has had world ‘turned upside down’ by her murder

The boyfriend of one of the murdered University of Idaho students has had his world “turned upside down” by her brutal slaying – which came just days before the young couple planned to enjoy the Thanksgiving holiday together.

Madison Mogen, 21, had been in a relationship with fellow Idaho university student Jake Schriger for around a year.

His mother Stacy Schriger described the young couple as being like “peanut butter and jelly” and the pair often posted loving photos of each other on their social media accounts.

On Sunday, Mogen was brutally stabbed to death along with three friends inside her college home, in an attack that officials are describing as “personal”.

The Independent’s Rachel Sharp has the full story:

Rachel Sharp18 November 2022 17:28

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No sign of sexual assault

Latah County Coroner Cathy Mabbutt confirmed that there was no sign of sexual assault on any of the victims of the brutal knife attack.

Some of the victims did have defensive wounds and the injuries were all “pretty extensive”, she said, adding that it caused the victims to bleed out into the home.

She added that it was not possible to determine from the injuries the order in which the four victims were attacked but officials are using “other text messages and other technology” to try to build up a timeline, she said.

She told local outlet Idaho News that the autopsies did reveal one thing: “It’s personal.”

Rachel Sharp18 November 2022 17:01

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University of Idaho victim’s injuries ‘show she fought killer’ as officials say attack ‘was personal’

One of the University of Idaho students murdered in her college home fought her killer to the very end in a brutal knife attack that officials are describing as “personal”.

Autopsy findings, released on Thursday, revealed that Xana Kernodle, 20, Ethan Chapin, 20, Madison Mogen, 21, and Kaylee Goncalves, 21, were all stabbed multiple times with a large knife – sustaining injuries that caused them to bleed out inside the home.

The deaths have been ruled homicides with the killer or killers still at large five days on from the slayings that have sent shockwaves across the small college town of Moscow, Idaho.

Kernodle’s devastated father Jeffrey Kernodle said that his daughter’s injuries showed how she  desperately tried to fight off the person who killed her, her boyfriend and two friends in the horror attack.

“Bruises, torn by the knife. She’s a tough kid. Whatever she wanted to do, she could do it,” he told CBS5.

The Independent’s Rachel Sharp has the full story:

Rachel Sharp18 November 2022 16:41

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Victim’s boyfriend’s ‘world has been turned upside down’

The boyfriend of one of the murdered University of Idaho students has had his world “turned upside down” following her brutal slaying – which came just days before the young couple planned to enjoy the Thanksgiving holiday together.

Madison Mogen, 21, had been in a relationship with fellow Idaho university student Jake Schriger for around a year and the pair often posted loving photos of each other on their social media pages.

His mother Stacy Schriger told The New York Post that the young couple were like “peanut butter and jelly”. Now the grieving boyfriend’s “world has been turned upside down,” she said.

Mogen and Mr Schriger were planning to go to Ms Schriger’s home for Thanksgiving later this month, she added.

“We were expecting her for Thanksgiving,” she said. “Whenever we talked on the phone, she always said, ‘I love you.’”

Rachel Sharp18 November 2022 16:10

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Neighbour heard no commotion on night of killings

A neighbour of the college students found slain in their six-bedroom home in Moscow, Idaho, has revealed that they didn’t hear any commotion from the home on the night of the murders.

Madison Mogen, 21, Xana Kernodle, 20, and Kaylee Goncalves, 21, lived together with two other students in the rental property close to the univeristy campus.

Dakota Sparks, 21, who lives on the same road, told The New York Post that she and her boyfriend were up late on Saturday night and into Sunday morning but noticed nothing out of the ordinary coming from the home.

“I didn’t go to bed until 2 or 3 and I didn’t hear anything,” she said. She added that she left the house at 11.45am the next day – minutes before the 911 call was placed – and again noticed nothing suspicious.

“For us, it was shock. We wondered if we had just turned our heads and looked, could we have helped?” she said.

Rachel Sharp18 November 2022 15:50

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‘It’s personal’: Coroner says about autopsy

The autopsies for the four University of Idaho students murdered in their college home have revealed that the killings were “personal”, according to the coroner.

Autopsy findings were released on Thursday, officially ruling the victims’ deaths homicides by stabbing.

Latah County Coroner Cathy Mabbutt told local outlet Idaho News that the findings revealed: “It’s personal.”

From the start of the investigation, police have said the attack was “targeted” – but have not made any arrests or identified any suspects in the case.

Rachel Sharp18 November 2022 15:31

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Sister of Idaho university victim begs students to ‘leave’ town: ‘Grades are less important than your lives’

The grieving sister of one of the University of Idaho victims stabbed to death in a brutal knife attack has begged other students to “leave” the college town, telling them that “your grades are severely less important than your lives”.

Kaylee Goncalves’s sister Aubrie Goncalves issued an impassioned plea on her Instagram page, warning students in the small town of Moscow, Idaho, that they are not safe while her sibling’s “sicko” killer remains at large.

“To the students of the University of Idaho that are still staying around campus, leave,” she wrote.

“Your grades are severely less important than your lives. I wish all the students of U of I safety and peace. You guys are not safe until this sicko is found.”

The Independent’s Rachel Sharp has the full story:

Rachel Sharp18 November 2022 15:09

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Victim’s father says daughter fought killer to the end

The father of one of the University of Idaho students murdered in her college home has said that his daughter fought her killer to the very end.

Jeffrey Kernodle told CBS5 that the autopsy findings showed that Xana Kernodle, 20, tried to fight off the person who killed her, her boyfriend and two friends.

“Bruises, torn by the knife. She’s a tough kid. Whatever she wanted to do, she could do it,” he said.

Mr Kernodle described his daughter as a “tough kid” who “didn’t really worry about the drama and stuff that much”.

“She was never into that. She just liked having fun. Never about materialistic things,” he said.

“She was, all the time, always with her friends.”

Rachel Sharp18 November 2022 14:40

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Victims killed with ‘large knife’

The four victims killed in Sunday’s horror attack were stabbed multiple times with a “large knife”, according to authorities.

The murder weapon used in the brutal slayings was not found on the scene and is yet to be recovered five days on.

Latah County Coroner Cathy Mabbutt said that – based on the extent of the victims’ wounds – the autopsies determined “a bigger knife” was used in the attack.

Investigators are hunting for a military-style knife thought to be the murder weapon and are now exploring the possibility that more than one killer is responsible for the killings.

Over the last few days, police officers have come knocking at a local home improvement store to inquire about potential sales of a Ka-Bar knife – as they continue to try to locate the murder weapon.

Scott Jutte, the general manager of Moscow Building Supply, revealed to the Idaho Statesman that officers have turned up multiple times but that he has been unable to help as the store does not stock those knives.

Ka-Bar knives typically have a six inch-long blade with a smooth edge on one side and a serrated edge on the other. They became popular with the US military after first being adopted by the US Marines during the Second World War. Today, they are popular tactical-style knives for outdoor enthusiasts. While Ka-Bar is actually the name for the brand Ka-Bar Knives Inc, the name is now used to describe any knife of a similar blade pattern.

Mr Jutte described the blades as being “similar to the knife Rambo has” – referring to the Sylvester Stallone character – describing it as “more of a combat knife” whereas the store stocks mainly hunting knives.

Rachel Sharp18 November 2022 14:20

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Officials don’t know who was attacked first

Officials are still trying to piece together the timeline for what exactly happened inside the home when four students were stabbed to death in a violent attack.

Latah County Coroner Cathy Mabbutt told NBC News that it was not possible to determine from the autopsies the order in which the four victims were attacked but officials are using “other text messages and other technology” to try to build up a timeline.

The autopsies confirmed that the victims were killed “early in the morning, sometime after 2 am, but still during the night,” she said.

On the night of Saturday 12 November, Chapin and Kernodle had been at a campus party while Mogen and Goncalves spent the night at a bar in town.

They are all believed to have returned to the property sometime after 1.45am.

Officials previously said the victims were stabbed to death with an “edged weapon such as a knife” at around 3 or 4am on Sunday morning.

Twitch footage, seen by The Independent, captured Mogen and Goncalves stopping by a local food truck for a late-night bit to eat – not long before the murders unfolded.

The footage shows the two best friends arriving at the food truck at around 1.41am, where they stayed for around 10 minutes ordering food, laughing, and chatting casually to other students at the food truck.

An unidentified man appears to arrive at the truck with them but Mogen and Goncalves leave the area alone.

The two best friends leave together, walking off at around 1.51am.

It is not clear if they got a taxi or walked home after this or if they went to another location. The truck was just over a mile walk from the victims’ home. If Mogen and Goncalves had walked, it would have taken around 20 to 25 minutes.

The unidentified man, who was chatting to another student at the time, was seen in the footage gesturing at the two women as they walk off, before he turns and walks off in the opposite direction to the two women.

Police confirmed that they are looking to speak to the other people in the footage. Neither the man nor anyone else in the footage has not been identified as a suspect or person of interest in the case.

Rachel Sharp18 November 2022 14:00

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Latest on Idaho murders: College students’ autopsies released as surviving roommates may be ‘key’ to solving case

Video shows mystery man with slain Idaho students

Autopsy findings have been released for the four University of Idaho students murdered in an off-campus home, officially ruling their deaths homicides by stabbing.

Latah County Coroner Cathy Mabbutt confirmed that each victim suffered multiple stab wounds with “a larger knife”, describing their injuries as “pretty extensive”.

DNA samples have been taken from the crime scene as the hunt for the killer or killers continues, with no suspects named and no arrests made five days into the investigation.

Ethan Chapin, 20, Madison Mogen, 21, Xana Kernodle, 20, and Kaylee Goncalves, 21, were found dead inside a home in the small college town of Moscow, Idaho, at around midday on Sunday.

Police were called to the home to a report of an unconscious individual and arrived to find the horror crime scene. Two surviving roommates were in the home at the time of the killings and were still there when officers arrived.

Idaho State Police spokesman Aaron Snell said that the two female students could be “the key to this whole thing”.

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Xana Kernodle is remembered as ‘positive and funny’ by her sister

Jazzmin Kernodle told the Associated Press that her sister would light up every room she walked into.

“You rarely get to meet someone like Xana,” Ms Kernodle said. “She was so positive, funny and was loved by everyone who met her.”

Xana Kernodle went to high school in the city of Post Falls. She was majoring in marketing and was a member of the Pi Beta Phi sorority.

Ethan Chapin and Xana were longtime friends and had started dating over the summer. He was also killed in the attack.

Rachel Sharp18 November 2022 13:00

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Ethan Chapin’s parents say he spent his last day with his siblings

Chapin, one of four University of Idaho students stabbed to death last weekend, was a triplet.

His brother and sister also attend the University of Idaho. Before the murders, Ethan attended a dance hosted by his sister’s sorority.

“He was our daughter Maizie’s date, and his brother was Maizie’s roommate’s date,” Chapin’s mother, Stacy Chapin, told the Associated Press on Wednesday.

“They all spent their last day together, all dressed up, and had a great time. We’re all thankful that they spent that time together.”

“He could read any situation and make it better,” Ms Chapin added. “He was just so carefree.”

Rachel Sharp18 November 2022 12:40

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Idaho students suffered ‘multiple, extensive’ stab wounds from ‘large knife’, autopsy finds

The four University of Idaho students murdered in a horror attack in an off-campus home suffered “multiple” stab wounds from a “large knife”, according to the local coroner – as she revealed that DNA samples have been collected from the crime scene.

Autopsy findings for Ethan Chapin, 20, Madison Mogen, 21, Xana Kernodle, 20, and Kaylee Goncalves, 21, were released on Thursday, officially ruling their deaths homicides by stabbing.

Latah County Coroner Cathy Mabbutt confirmed that each victim was stabbed multiple times, describing their wounds as “pretty extensive” and revealing that they bled out inside their student home.

The Independent’s Rachel Sharp has the full story:

Rachel Sharp18 November 2022 12:20

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Kaylee Gocalve had big plans for her future before she was murdered

Goncalves was a senior majoring in general studies at the University of Idaho. She was one month shy of completing her degree.

Her family said that after college, she planned to travel to Europe.

“She had everything going for her, absolutely everything,” her sister, Alivea Goncalves told NBC’s TODAY show. “She had her job lined up. She had worked really hard for it.”

Andrea Blanco18 November 2022 12:00

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Timeline: What we know so far

Officials in the small town of Moscow, Idaho, have been a little cryptic about what happened to four University of Idaho students who were murdered last weekend.

So far, neither the suspect nor the murder weapon have been traced and the police have cautioned the small town of 25,000 people to remain vigilant.

So what exactly happened in the hours before and after the students’ bodies were discovered?

Here’s the best timeline we currently have.

Alisha Rahaman Sarkar18 November 2022 11:40

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Victim’s sister urges students to leave Moscow

Family members of the victims hit out at law enforcement over their response.

“No one is in custody therefore no one is safe,” she wrote in an Instagram post. “If you have friends, family or loved ones in Moscow our family encourages you to get them home,” she added.

Andrea Blanco18 November 2022 11:10

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Idaho police search for Ka-Bar knife

Scott Jutte, the general manager of Moscow Building Supply, revealed that officers have turned up multiple times searching for Ka-Bar knives.

The combat knives typically have a six-inch-long blade with a smooth edge on one side and a serrated edge on the other. They became popular with the US military after first being adopted by the US Marines during the Second World War.

While Ka-Bar is actually the name for the brand Ka-Bar Knives Inc, the name is now used to describe any knife of a similar blade pattern.

Mr Jutte described the blades as being “similar to the knife Rambo has” – referring to the Sylvester Stallone character.

“They were specifically asking whether or not we carry Ka-Bar-style knives, which we do not,” he said of the officers.

Alisha Rahaman Sarkar18 November 2022 10:50

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Ethan Chapin’s family decries law enforcement ‘lack of information’

Family members of the victims have hit out at law enforcement over their handling of what information is released to the public.

Chapin’s father Jim Chapin urged the local police to release further information about the killings.

“There is a lack of information from the University of Idaho and the local police, which only fuels false rumors and innuendo in the press and social media,” Mr Chapin said.

“The silence further compounds our family’s agony after our son’s murder. For Ethan and his three dear friends slain in Moscow, Idaho, and all of our families, I urge officials to speak the truth, share what they know, find the assailant, and protect the greater community.”

Andrea Blanco18 November 2022 10:30

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Victim’s body had ‘bruises’, says father

Jeff Kernodle, the father of slain University of Idaho student Xana Kernodle, said his daughter had “bruises” on her body which indicates that she put up a fight against the killer.

“Bruises, torn by the knife,” Mr Kernodle told CBS 5.

“She’s a tough kid. Whatever she wanted to do, she could do it.”

Alisha Rahaman Sarkar18 November 2022 10:10

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Victims last seen alive in footage just hours before murders

In the early hours of Sunday morning, Maddison Mogen and Kaylee Goncalves were seen stopping by a local food truck for a late-night bit to eat.

Twitch footage, seen by The Independent, captured the two best friends arriving at the food truck at around 1.41am.

An unidentified man appears to be walking with them, before he steps back as they approach the truck.

Mogen and Goncalves go up to the truck and order food, while the man stands a few feet behind them – before pulling his hood over his head.

Over the next 10 minutes, the group of young people and students are seen laughing and chatting away as they wait for their orders.

The man is seen chatting and laughing to another man in the line, while Mogen and Goncalves appear to laugh and joke with each other and take photos.

When their food is ready, Mogen and Goncalves leave together, walking away from the truck and turning left.

The Independent’s Io Dodds and Rachel Sharp have the story:

Andrea Blanco18 November 2022 09:50

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Surviving the lunar night can be a challenge for astronauts

As multiple nations plot out their moon exploration strategies, how best to survive the lunar night gives space engineers the cold sweats.

The moon’s lunar day/night cycle at most locations on the surface includes fourteen Earth days of continuous sunlight followed by fourteen days of constant darkness and intense cold.

Due to the lack of a moderating atmosphere, temperatures on the lunar surface can range from 248 degrees Fahrenheit (120 Celsius) during the day to minus 292 F (minus 180 C) during the night. Permanently shadowed regions (PSRs) on the moon can be even colder, plunging down to minus 400 F (minus 240 C). 

Related: Artemis 1: The first step in returning astronauts to the moon

Pluses and minuses

All those pluses and minuses add up to one of the most demanding environmental challenges that future moon expeditions will face. Attaining and gaining longer and longer human stays — perhaps gaining permanent status — will mean coming to grips with the moon’s vicious environment. 

In fact, craters within permanently shadowed regions are sun-shy spots on the moon in which quantities of water ice could reside. Those deposits would be ideal for processing into oxygen, water, even rocket fuel. 

Moon exploration planners are laying out what has to happen to operate successfully on the moon, particularly at the lunar south pole, loaded with PSRs and conceivably a rich haven for harvesting water ice. 

But here is the cold, chilly fact: it isn’t easy.

Read more: The moon’s strange warm pits may be the most pleasant place for astronauts

Shown here is a rendering of 13 candidate landing regions for NASA’s Artemis 3 mission. Each region is approximately 9.3 by 9.3 miles (15 by 15 kilometers). A landing site is a location within those regions with an approximate 328-foot (100-meter) radius. (Image credit: NASA)

Basic problem, two branches

Dean Eppler, chief lunar scientist at The Aerospace Corporation, said surviving the night on the moon is not only a key issue for a lunar south pole site, but for any place we want to be on the moon for longer than lunar daytime. 

“I think the basic problem has two branches,” Eppler told Space.com. “Simple survival during the lunar night, and operations during night time, regardless of whether it’s a ‘normal’ day night cycle like you would get at anywhere other than the poles, and the variable darkness you get at the poles due to the very low solar inclination angle.”

Eppler said that, for future missions, particularly for landed missions off the polar latitudes, hunkering down may still be the best decision for science operations. 

“You don’t do field geology at night,” Eppler said, “but that will probably be the time to do ‘inside’ activities, such as life sciences, sample analysis and culling, engineering/maintenance work.” Those are tasks mostly not carried out during the day when crew members are engaged in maximizing their surface, moonwalking operations, he said.

Eppler said he’s optimistic in taking on the lunar night. “I think we are much better equipped to handle that now than we were during any other time we’ve considered lunar exploration.” 

Artistic depiction of NASA astronauts at the lunar south pole carrying out early work to establish an Artemis Base Camp.  (Image credit: NASA)

Profoundly cold

Although surviving the lunar night outside the polar regions is still an issue, “I think we have that pretty well in hand, and that also goes for areas of the poles shadowed by the existing terrain as the Sun travels around in the sky.” 

However, when it comes to the poles, Eppler sees a much more complicated problem. Firstly, there will be significant areas that get shadowed by the terrain long enough that it’s going to get very cold in those locations — not PSR-cold, but still not unlike the equatorial night.

“Secondly, we’ll have to deal with the problems of working in any either PSR area, or areas that, while not in permanent shadow, are still shadowed much of the time, long enough to be profoundly cold inside of them,” said Eppler. “This is a huge challenge … so much so that I think we’ll need, for instance, a special set of tools that we only use in cold conditions,” he added.

Keep-alive warmth

Coping with the ultra-cold shouldn’t be a hard problem to solve, said Philip Metzger, a planetary scientist with the Florida Space Institute at the University of Central Florida. 

“With even just a little energy and good insulation the vehicle can stay warm. The New Horizons spacecraft kept its electronics at room temperature even when it was far from the sun at Pluto,” Metzger told Space.com. 

They key issue is where can we get the energy on the moon? 

Radioactive decay sources can be used, for one example. Radioactive Heater Units (RHUs) can be placed on the vehicle at appropriate points, Metzger said. “Without a radioactive source it becomes more challenging, though.”

Metzger envisions a stand-alone asset that has adequate battery capacity to provide the “keep-alive-warmth” during the night. “A rover could plug in through the night. After sunrise the asset will recharge. That would take some mass on the moon for adequate storage, but with the new lunar landers, including the SpaceX Starship coming online, it should be easily doable,” he said.

Using local resources on the moon can help make future crewed missions more sustainable and affordable. (Image credit: RegoLight, visualization: Liquifer Systems Group, 2018)

Good set of assumptions

Present-day data sets are yielding key temperature data on the moon, advised Noah Petro from NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center. He is project scientist for the NASA Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) mission now circling the moon.

“Fortunately the temperature data we have from the Diviner instrument on LRO has given us a fantastic set of bounding conditions for what to expect thermally at the poles. From this dataset we know the expected cold temperatures at night and warmth during the day,” said Petro.

As far as the engineering capacity to ring out hardware, Petro said given that researchers have a good set of assumptions for the environment (temperature, radiation, etc), he foresees that the issue of lunar survival can draw upon an already mature understanding of the engineering requirements to operate through lunar nights.

Photo shows Apollo 17’s Jack Schmitt carrying a gnomon back towards the lunar rover after observing and sampling the east side of a huge boulder. The vertical arrow in the distance points to the Lunar Module Challenger, located roughly 2 miles (3.1 kilometers) away. Apollo 17’s surface time, the program’s longest stay time on the Moon was three days, two hours, fifty-nine minutes. (Image credit: NASA)

Message from Apollo

Looking back on the 20th century Apollo era, there are lessons to be re-learned, said Clive Neal, a lunar exploration expert in the department of civil and environmental engineering at the University of Notre Dame in Indiana. 

Neal points out that the Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package (ALSEP) consisted of scientific instruments set up by moonwalkers at the landing site of each of the five moon-landing Apollo missions to land on the Moon following Apollo 11; Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin left a smaller set of devices called the Early Apollo Scientific Experiments Package.

However, Neal said the issue is if solar is the way to do this? Is battery technology good enough to allow operations during the lunar night? 

“For many things, just surviving the night, is not good enough,” Neal added. “We need to be able to match what was done 50 years ago, in my humble opinion!”

A close-up view of two components of the Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package (ALSEP) deployed by Apollo 14 astronauts during their first moonwalking excursion. (Image credit: NASA/JSC)

Moonwalking suits

What’s it going to be like strolling across and working upon the lunar territory, Artemis style?

Regarding moonwalking suit systems, including boots, gloves and the backpack-like portable life support system, the thermal design issues will be severe, Eppler of The Aerospace Corporation said. 

“For instance, say you’re standing ankle deep in a very cold, shadowed area, but your legs, torso, etc., are in direct sunlight. You’ll need to ensure that the boots and pressure garment material don’t freeze and break, while ensuring that the upper parts of the suit system don’t become so hot that serious heat stress to the crewmember is a significant issue,” Eppler said. “It’s real problem.”

The good news, Eppler concludes, is that Artemis technologists are trying to come to terms with the whole survive the night state of affairs.

“That says to me that we will find solutions at some point,” Eppler said. “The point where you get into trouble is when folks don’t understand or accept the magnitude of the problem … but I don’t think that is the case here,” he concluded.

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