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Elon Musk Files Response and Counterclaims to Twitter Lawsuit Over $44 Billion Deal

Elon Musk

formally responded to

Twitter Inc.’s

TWTR 1.76%

lawsuit seeking to force him to go through with his $44 billion takeover of the social-media platform and included counterclaims against the company. The filing Friday was made confidentially and isn’t viewable by the public.

It isn’t unusual for counterclaims against a public company to be filed confidentially, pending review for possible redactions of sensitive information. The response and claims may be available as soon as next week.

One of the counterclaims by Mr. Musk is expected to center on the allegation that Twitter changed its number of monetizable daily active users shortly after agreeing to the deal, and then didn’t provide thorough responses to requests by Mr. Musk’s team for data on the spam number, according to people familiar with the matter.

Mr. Musk’s response Friday includes a reference to the

Warren Buffett

quote: “Only when the tide goes out do you discover who’s been swimming naked,” the people said, a suggestion by Mr. Musk that Twitter has been obfuscating about spam and fake accounts because it knew the market downturn could reveal its weaknesses.

Mr. Musk’s response Friday was filed hours after the judge overseeing the lawsuit against Mr. Musk set the week of Oct. 17 for a 5-day trial.

While Mr. Musk’s answer and counterclaims to Twitter’s lawsuit aren’t immediately accessible, the billionaire chief executive officer of

Tesla Inc.

has been vocal about his reasons for wanting to walk away from the deal and indicated in previous regulatory and court filings how he may try to make his case for terminating the merger agreement.

Mr. Musk said in a regulatory filing earlier this month that he wanted out of the deal primarily because Twitter hadn’t provided the necessary data and information he needs to assess the prevalence of fake or spam accounts.

Twitter rejected that assertion and argued that Mr. Musk hasn’t adhered to the deal terms, including violating a nondisclosure agreement and then bragging about it on Twitter. The social-media company sued Mr. Musk on July 12 in Delaware Chancery Court, seeking to enforce the terms of the transaction.

In the regulatory filing to end the deal, Mr. Musk’s lawyer cited concerns over Twitter’s estimates about how many of its daily users are fake or spam accounts, an issue the billionaire had raised as a concern about the deal almost three weeks after he signed it. The company has said for years that it estimates fewer than 5% of its monetizable daily active users are spam and fake accounts, a figure Mr. Musk has disputed.

In a July 18 court filing opposing a request by Twitter for an expedited trial, the billionaire for the first time laid out publicly a clear timeline around his concerns over data about fake and spam accounts, and included new claims about Twitter’s level of cooperation on the issue.

He said his team first became concerned about the company’s user numbers after it disclosed in its April earnings report that it had overstated its user base for nearly three years through the end of 2021 because of an error in how it accounted for people linked to multiple accounts. The revision reduced the number of its monetizable daily active users by 0.9% for the fourth quarter of last year. The company last week said it averaged 237.8 million of such users in the most recent quarter.

According to that filing, Mr. Musk met with Twitter executives in May to discuss how the company measures spam and fake accounts and expressed dismay at the company’s process and pointed to the absence of automated tools to help with the calculation.

Twitter said in its suit against Mr. Musk that his attempt to abandon the transaction reflects souring market conditions that resulted in his personal wealth declining by more than $100 billion from its November 2021 peak. “Rather than bear the cost of the market downturn, as the merger agreement requires, Musk wants to shift it to Twitter’s stockholders,” the company said.

Elon Musk has cultivated close ties with Beijing to build Tesla’s business in China. Now that he is buying Twitter and focusing on free speech, WSJ looks at how China has used the social-media platform to promote its views, and why that’s raising concerns. Photo Illustration: Sharon Shi

On July 19, Chancellor Kathaleen St. Jude McCormick, the chief judge of the Delaware Chancery Court, granted Twitter’s request to fast-track its lawsuit over Mr. Musk’s objections.

In a regulatory filing this week, Twitter said it would ask shareholders to vote on the merger at a meeting on Sept. 13. The company reiterated its commitment to completing the takeover at the agreed-upon price and said its board of directors has unanimously recommended that shareholders vote in favor of it. That process is running parallel to the legal case in Delaware that will determine whether the merger agreement can be enforced.

Write to Sarah E. Needleman at sarah.needleman@wsj.com and Cara Lombardo at cara.lombardo@wsj.com

Copyright ©2022 Dow Jones & Company, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 87990cbe856818d5eddac44c7b1cdeb8

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Twitter-Musk Trial Set for October in Lawsuit Over Stalled $44 Billion Takeover

A Delaware judge on Tuesday agreed to

Twitter Inc.’s

TWTR 3.31%

request to fast-track its lawsuit seeking to compel

Elon Musk

to go through with his $44 billion purchase of the company.

Chancellor Kathaleen St. Jude McCormick, the chief judge of the Delaware Chancery Court, ordered a five-day trial in October, over Mr. Musk’s objections. Chancellor McCormick said the case should be resolved quickly, agreeing with Twitter’s claim that it could be harmed by uncertainty about its future as a public company.

“Those concerns are on full display in the present case,” Chancellor McCormick said. “Typically, the longer the merger transaction remains in limbo, the larger the cloud of uncertainty cast over the company and the greater the risk of irreparable harm to the sellers.”

Twitter argued the case should be accelerated because shareholders and its business have been left in limbo by Mr. Musk’s move this month to flee the deal, citing the prevalence of spam or fake accounts on the platform. In the hearing, Twitter’s lawyers said the lawsuit doesn’t turn on the amount of spam and fake accounts because the merger agreement didn’t make any promises about that metric. Twitter’s securities filings say the number of fake and spam accounts could be higher than the company’s estimates, he noted.

“That’s not what this case is about,” attorney

William Savitt

said Tuesday. It’s a “manufactured issue,” he said.

Mr. Musk says he needs more time to investigate the spam and fake accounts issue, which he says is fundamental to Twitter’s value and preparing for the trial will be “extremely fact and expert intensive, requiring substantial time for discovery.” In the hearing Tuesday, Mr. Musk’s lawyer said Twitter is trying to railroad him to complete the deal while burying the truth over the number of fake and spam accounts. He said Mr. Musk has a bigger economic interest in the company, as the second-largest shareholder, than the company’s entire board, and therefore has no interest in stalling to harm the company.

Mr. Musk says Twitter’s estimate that fewer than 5% of its monetizable daily active users are spam or fake is questionable, and probably too low.

Twitter, which filed its lawsuit last week, says its process for estimating fake accounts and malicious bots is rigorous.

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“There is no reason to go into how many bots there are if a fair reading of the contract said Musk essentially waived that right,” said James Cox, a professor of corporate and securities law at Duke University.

Mr. Musk has cited at least two different reasons tied to spam and fake accounts to leave the deal. One is that Twitter allegedly misstated facts about that data in a way that could have a material adverse effect on its business. Delaware law allows companies to nullify mergers if a material adverse effect has occurred, but its courts have also tightly circumscribed the conditions for such an outcome.

Mr. Musk says his other basis to exit is that Twitter has allegedly withheld information about fake accounts, behavior that would violate its commitments to the merger agreement. “The limited information Twitter has provided calls its representations into serious doubt,” Mr. Musk’s lawyers wrote last week in a court filing.

Elon Musk has cultivated close ties with Beijing to build Tesla’s business in China. WSJ looks at how China has used Twitter to promote its views, and why that’s raising concerns. Photo Illustration: Sharon Shi

Mr. Musk may have sought more time for the lawsuit because financial settlements are more likely to occur in drawn-out legal cases, Mr. Cox said. Twitter is seeking a remedy known as “specific performance,” meaning Mr. Musk would have to go through with the $44 billion acquisition.

Twitter has also said Mr. Musk has buyer’s remorse over the decline in share prices since he struck the deal in April. Mr. Musk’s personal wealth has declined by more than $100 billion from its November 2021 peak.

Write to Dave Michaels at dave.michaels@wsj.com

Copyright ©2022 Dow Jones & Company, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 87990cbe856818d5eddac44c7b1cdeb8

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Elon Musk Files to Kill Twitter Deal, Twitter Will Sue

Image: Chris DELMAS / AFP (Getty Images)

On Friday evening, Tesla CEO Elon Musk finally made it crystal clear that he has no interest in adding “owner of Twitter” to his list of titles. The move was months in the making. Twitter is planning to sue in response.

In a letter to Twitter’s Chief Legal Officer Vijaya Gadde filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, Musk notified the social media company that he would terminate the $44 billion acquisition deal he made in late April. However, it is not yet clear whether Musk can unilaterally end the agreement.

Musk has fixated on the number of spam accounts on the social network. Citing their proliferation of automated bots, he first claimed Twitter was in breach of its merger agreement in early June. Musk’s lawyers argue that the billionaire is backing out of the agreement because “Twitter is in material breach of multiple provisions of that Agreement, appears to have made false and misleading representations upon which Mr. Musk relied when entering into the Merger Agreement, and is likely to suffer a Company Material Adverse Effect.”

Twitter plans to sue Musk in response. Twitter CEO Parag Agrawal retweeted the company’s board chairman Bret Taylor’s promise of legal action minutes after the news broke in defiance of the Tesla CEO.

“The Twitter Board is committed to closing the transaction on the price and terms agreed upon with Mr. Musk and plans to pursue legal action to enforce the merger agreement. We are confident we will prevail in the Delaware Court of Chancery,” Taylor wrote.

In an email to staff on Friday obtained by the Verge, Sean Edgett, Twitter’s general counsel, told folks not to share any commentary on the merger on Twitter or Slack.

“Given that this is an ongoing legal matter, you should refrain from Tweeting, Slacking, or sharing any commentary about the merger agreement. We will continue to share information when we are able, but please know we are going to be very limited on what we can share in the meantime,” Edgett wrote. “I know this is an uncertain time, and we appreciate your patience and ongoing commitment to the important work we have underway.”

Jesse Fried, a Harvard Law School professor, told Gizmodo in an email on Friday that Musk could not “simply walk away from the deal” and is probably trying to lower the price of the acquisition.

“He is bound to buy Twitter if he has adequate financing, as it seems he does. There are narrow outs,” Fried said. “Given the contract and Twitter’s post-signing conduct, Musk is highly unlikely to get a Delaware court to give him a ‘get-out-of-merger free card.’ He has presumably been told that by his lawyers.”

The news that Musk is backing out of the acquisition agreement follows months of public buyer’s remorse expressed on Twitter itself. The company says automated bots and spam accounts make up just 5% of the social network’s users, a figure Musk believed was much higher. He requested and received more data on Twitter’s user base but ultimately said the information provided was insufficient.

On Thursday, the Washington Post reported that the billionaire’s deal to acquire Twitter was in “serious jeopardy” and that Musk had stopped engaging in funding discussions. The outlet cited doubts from Musk’s team over the data provided on the number of fake accounts and spam bots provided to it by Twitter.

The back-and-forth with Musk has had detrimental effects on Twitter. The stock price of the company had fallen to $36.10 as of Friday, well below the $54.20 he offered. The company laid off members of its recruiting team on Friday as well, though layoffs have struck the tech industry writ large as the stock market has tumbled in recent months. Musk cited the layoffs in his deal termination letter as well as several high-profile resignations. In June, amid a flurry of Musk mayhem, Twitter said it was still committed to closing the deal and hinted that it was unafraid to take legal action. When asked about the Post’s report early today, Twitter reiterated its June response: “We believe this agreement is in the best interest of all shareholders. We intend to close the transaction and enforce the merger agreement.”

Musk, Twitter’s largest shareholder, has behaved like Twitter’s owner for weeks now: He’s taken questions from Twitter employees in a town hall, given them product advice (make Twitter more like TikTok).

Fried said it’s all probably just a game to Musk.

“Litigation will be costly for Twitter, and it may agree to lower the price to settle the litigation. This is probably Musk’s game plan here,” the professor said.

Musk’s lawyers delved into further detail of Twitter’s perceived slights and contract violations, the majority of which centered on the blue bird company apparently declining to provide or providing incomplete information to the billionaire.

The billionaire’s accusations are as follows:

Spam and Fake Accounts

As is to be expected, Musk complained about a lack of information from Twitter related to Twitter’s spam and fake accounts. His lawyers state that the social media company did not provide the following:

“(1) daily global mDAU data since October 1, 2020; (2) information regarding the sampling population for mDAU, including whether the mDAU population used for auditing spam and false accounts is the same mDAU population used for quarterly reporting; (3) outputs of each step of the sampling process for each day during the weeks of January 30, 2022 and June 19, 2022; (4) documentation or other guidance provided to contractor agents used for auditing mDAU samples; (5) information regarding the user interface of Twitter’s ADAP tool and any internal tools used by the contractor agents; and (6) mDAU audit sampling information, including anonymized information identifying the contractor agents and Quality Analyst that reviewed each sampled account, the designation given by each contractor agent and Quality Analyst, and the current status of any accounts labelled “compromised.”

The billionaire said he did not receive data on the methodology Twitter uses to suspend spam and fake accounts.

According to the letter, Musk apparently wanted “access to the sample set used and calculations performed” to determine that less than 5% of Twitter’s mDAUs are fake or spam accounts, which is what the company claims. The request included the daily measures of mDAUs for the past eight quarters. The letter states that the social media company has provided “certain summary data” regarding its mDAU calculations, but not the complete daily measures. In addition, Musk requested materials provided to Twitter’s board about mDAUs’ calculations. Again, he claims he received incomplete information.

“Preliminary analysis by Mr. Musk’s advisors of the information provided by Twitter to date causes Mr. Musk to strongly believe that the proportion of false and spam accounts included in the reported mDAU count is wildly higher than 5%,” the letter states.

Materials Related to Twitter’s Financial Condition

Furthermore, the billionaire’s lawyers claim that he is entitled to certain financial data related to Twitter, including information that aims to help him secure financing for the deal. Musk purported asked for a Twitter’s financial model and budget for 2022, an updated draft plan or budget, and a “working copy” of the Goldman Sachs’ valuation model. He reportedly has only received a PDF copy of Goldman Sachs’ final board presentation.

Access to APIs and Query Restriction

When Musk was provided with information, his lawyers claim it came “with strings attached.” For instance, they claim that Musk was initially not given the same access given to customers to eight Twitter developer APIs. This was only remedied after explaining the lack of access to the company.

Nonetheless, the APIs reportedly contain a “query cap” that prevents Musk and his team from carrying out their desired analyses of the data. The cap was only removed after Musk complained about it twice.

Twitter Fired Two High-Level Execs, Laid Off People, and Froze Hiring

Finally, Musk’s lawyers state that Twitter was obliged to “preserve substantially intact the material components of its current business organization,” something they claim it did not do. The violations in this area began when the blue bird app fired Kayvon Beykpour and Bruce Falck, its general manager of product and general manager of revenue, respectively, in May.

The letter also cites Twitter laying off 30% of its talent acquisition team this past Thursday and its hiring freeze. As if that wasn’t enough, Musk is also purportedly mad that Twitter didn’t stop its head of data science; the vice president of Twitter service; and a vice president of product management for health, conversation, and growth from leaving.

“The Company has not received Parent’s consent for changes in the conduct of its business,” Musk’s lawyers wrote.

Update 7/9/2022, 6:26 a.m. ET: This post has been updated with information about Edgett’s email to staff.

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Scammers are texting you from your own number now, what to do about it

Have you been getting weird text messages lately — from yourself?

Don’t worry, you’re not alone, and you’re probably not having an out-of-body experience. The latest trend in spam text messages involves mobile phone users receiving texts from what appears to be their own phone number.

The messages typically claim to be from the user’s wireless carrier, referencing the recipient’s wireless bill and including a link to a “free gift.” Spoiler alert: The link leads to potentially malicious websites instead, according to users on Reddit and Twitter.

It’s all potentially very confusing. Here’s what you need to know about these spam texts, and what you can do about them:

Why am I getting these texts?

On Monday, The Verge reported that the phenomenon appears to only affect Verizon Wireless customers. A Verizon spokesperson confirmed the issue in a statement to CNBC Make It.

“As part of a recent fraud scheme, bad actors have been sending text messages to some Verizon customers which appear to come from the customers’ own number,” Verizon spokesperson Rich Young said. “Since uncovering the scheme, our company has made a significant effort to limit the current activity.”

Young noted a recent uptick in spam text messages across all wireless carriers, and said Verizon is “actively working with others in our industry and with U.S. law enforcement as part of an investigation aimed at identifying and stopping these fraudsters and their illegal actions.” 

Robokiller, a company that makes a mobile app to block spam calls and texts, said it had tracked more than 5,000 incidents of the same-number spam text messages over the past week, as of Thursday. 

According to Robokiller, typical versions of the spam texts feature messages that say, “Free Msg: Your bill is paid for March,” along with a dubious link that claims to offer a free gift. In other cases, the spam message includes a link that claims to take the recipient to a Verizon survey, according to CNET.

A writer for The Verge noted that clicking on the link in one particular message took the writer to the website for Channel One Russia, a television network run by the Russian government. “We have no indication of any Russian involvement” in the spam texts, Young said.

A spokesman for AT&T told CNBC Make It: “We are monitoring this situation closely and have not seen anything similar on our network.” A spokesperson for T-Mobile did not immediately respond to CNBC Make It’s request for comment.

What about other kinds of spam texts?

The recent spate of same-number spam texts comes amid a rise in overall spam texts received by U.S. wireless customers in recent years.

Last year, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) warned that spam texts have been rising during the Covid-19 pandemic, with scammers more likely to prey on desperate Americans suffering from health or financial hardships. Robokiller said Americans received a total of 87.8 billion spam text messages in 2021, a 58% increase from the previous year.

Spam texts are often referred to as SMS phishing, or “smishing” attacks, where scammers try to trick wireless users into sharing personal information or clicking on malware-ridden links. In some cases, spammers trick your phone’s Caller ID to make it seem like a text or call is coming from a local or government-associated number, a practice called “spoofing.”

In the case of the same-number spam texts, it appears that “bad actors” are even able to spoof recipients’ own numbers – adding another layer to the process.

What can I do about it?

Security experts suggest that you should always be wary of answering phone calls or text messages from unidentified or unknown numbers. 

The FCC adds that you should “never share your personal or financial information via email, text messages, or over the phone.” The agency also advises against clicking on links or attachments you receive in any text message, and to call your friend who texts you a link before clicking, to make sure they weren’t hacked.

Verizon offers similar advice for dealing with potential phishing attacks involving suspicious texts. The company says you shouldn’t respond to suspicious messages at all. Instead, Verizon advises customers to forward spam texts, particularly those claiming to be from Verizon, to S-P-A-M (7726). 

You can also report potential spam texts and emails to government agencies and law enforcement, including filling out the Federal Trade Commission’s online fraud complaint form and the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s Internet Crime Complaint Center.

If you do click on a malicious link, experts say your best bet is to avoid entering any information, and disconnect your device from the internet as soon as possible. Then, go into your device’s settings, check for any apps you don’t remember downloading and delete them.

You can also use an antivirus app to scan your device for malware, and change the passwords of any accounts you think may have been compromised. If you think any of your personal or financial information might have been compromised, you can also freeze your credit for free, to avoid potential identity theft.

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