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Tag Archives: roots
‘Idiocy’: Backlash against Beyoncé’s country album shows ignorance of genre’s Black roots – MSNBC
- ‘Idiocy’: Backlash against Beyoncé’s country album shows ignorance of genre’s Black roots MSNBC
- Black female country singers: ‘We’re tolerated, not celebrated’ BBC.com
- Fans Compare Beyoncé’s ‘Texas Hold ‘Em’ to ‘Franklin’ TV Show Theme as Composer Says They’re ‘Similar’ PEOPLE
- Beyoncé’s Country Pivot With ‘Texas Hold ‘Em’ a Hot Topic During Country Radio Seminar: ‘We’re the Coolest House on the Block’ Billboard
- Beyoncé brings new audience to country music and highlights the genre’s Black roots PBS NewsHour
Beyoncé brings new audience to country music and highlights the genre’s Black roots – PBS NewsHour
- Beyoncé brings new audience to country music and highlights the genre’s Black roots PBS NewsHour
- Black female country singers: ‘We’re tolerated, not celebrated’ BBC.com
- Beyoncé’s Country Pivot With ‘Texas Hold ‘Em’ a Hot Topic During Country Radio Seminar: ‘We’re the Coolest House on the Block’ Billboard
- Fans Compare Beyoncé’s ‘Texas Hold ‘Em’ to ‘Franklin’ TV Show Theme as Composer Says They’re ‘Similar’ PEOPLE
- Black artistry is woven into the fabric of country music. It belongs to everyone The Guardian
Oscar-winning folk singer Buffy Sainte-Marie’s Indigenous roots questioned, dubbed ‘pretendian’ in bombshell report – New York Post
- Oscar-winning folk singer Buffy Sainte-Marie’s Indigenous roots questioned, dubbed ‘pretendian’ in bombshell report New York Post
- Indigenous people wrestle with Buffy Sainte-Marie false identity claims – The Washington Post The Washington Post
- Singer Buffy Saint-Marie is accused of faking Indigenous heritage Daily Mail
- How journalists tell Buffy Sainte-Marie’s story matters — explained by a ’60s Scoop survivor The Conversation
- Why Buffy Sainte-Marie’s ‘pretendian’ case strikes a nerve BBC
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‘I know my truth’: doubts raised on Buffy Sainte-Marie’s Indigenous roots – CHCH News
- ‘I know my truth’: doubts raised on Buffy Sainte-Marie’s Indigenous roots CHCH News
- Buffy Sainte-Marie’s Indigenous Identity Questioned in New Report; Oscar-Winning Songwriter Calls Allegations ‘Traumatic’ and ‘Deeply Hurtful’ Variety
- CBC Investigation Says Buffy Sainte-Marie Has Falsely Claimed Her Native Identity Yahoo Entertainment
- Buffy Sainte-Marie, Academy Award-Winning Songwriter, Has Indigenous Roots Questioned In CBC Report Deadline
- First indigenous Oscar winner Buffy Sainte-Maries identity under scrutiny: Report Geo News
- View Full Coverage on Google News
Bob Odenkirk returns to comedy roots with AMC’s ‘Lucky Hank’ – The Associated Press
- Bob Odenkirk returns to comedy roots with AMC’s ‘Lucky Hank’ The Associated Press
- ‘Lucky Hank’ Review: Bob Odenkirk Is Unsurprisingly Great in an AMC Campus Dramedy That’s Still Figuring Itself Out Hollywood Reporter
- Bob Odenkirk Interview: ‘Lucky Hank’ on AMC, ‘Better Call Saul’ TVLine
- What to watch this weekend: ‘Lucky Hank’ premieres The Washington Post
- ‘Lucky Hank’ Stars Bob Odenkirk & Mireille Enos Thank the Teachers Who Changed Their Lives (VIDEO) TV Insider
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John Travolta Goes Back to His Grease Roots for Super Bowl Ad with Zach Braff and Donald Faison – Yahoo Entertainment
- John Travolta Goes Back to His Grease Roots for Super Bowl Ad with Zach Braff and Donald Faison Yahoo Entertainment
- John Travolta performs iconic Grease song in T-Mobile Super Bowl ad Entertainment Weekly News
- T-Mobile Super Bowl Commercial Starring John Travolta, Zach Braff and Donald Faison Released ComicBook.com
- John Travolta Recreates ‘Grease’ Song With Zach Braff and Donald Faison for Super Bowl 2023 T-Mobile Commercial Us Weekly
- T-Mobile got John Travolta to sing about its 5G Home Internet network for the Super Bowl PhoneArena
- View Full Coverage on Google News
Can Neuroimaging Reveal the Roots of Psychiatric Disorders? Not Just Yet
Summary: While neuroimaging holds great potential in helping researchers link specific patterns of brain activity to mental health disorders, a new study finds there is still a way to go to effectively link neuroimaging results to specific mental health disorders.
Source: Yale
Neuroimaging technology has been shown to hold great promise in helping clinicians link specific symptoms of mental health disorders to abnormal patterns of brain activity. But a new Yale-led study shows there are still kinks to be ironed out before doctors can translate images of the brain to psychiatric disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Their findings are published Jan. 11 in the American Journal of Psychiatry.
Several years ago, The National Institutes of Mental Health launched a multi-billion-dollar research effort to locate biomarkers of brain activity that point to the biological roots of a host of mental health diseases, which today are typically identified by clinical evaluation of a constellation of often overlapping symptoms reported by patients.
“The idea is to forget classification of disease by symptoms and find underlying biological causes,” said Yale’s Ilan Harpaz-Rotem, professor of psychiatry and psychology and senior author of the study.
For the new study, the Yale-led team attempted to replicate the findings of an earlier nationwide neuroimaging study, in which Emory and Harvard scientists linked clusters of brain activity to a variety of outcomes among patients who had arrived at U.S. emergency departments following traumatic events.
Specifically, when researchers measured patients’ brain activity during the performance of simple tasks — including ones that probe responses to threats and rewards — they detected a cluster of brain activity that showed high reactivity to both threat and reward signals and seemed to predict more severe symptoms of PTSD later on.
However, when Yale researchers analyzed similar neuroimaging data collected from recent trauma survivors in Israel, they were not able to replicate these findings. While they did identify the different clusters of brain activity observed in the earlier study, they found no association with prospective PTSD symptoms.
“That is not to say one set of data is right and the other is wrong, just that there is a lot of fundamental work that needs to be done to develop reliable models that could generalize across different studies,” said Yale’s Ziv Ben-Zion, a postdoctoral associate at Yale School of Medicine and the corresponding author of the study.
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In fact, Yale researchers are currently working with the investigators of the original Emory-Harvard study to merge datasets “to search for common underlying patterns of brain activity associated with different responses to trauma,” Ben-Zion said.
“It took about 100 years to come up with current classifications of mental illness, but we’ve only been exploring refining psychiatric diagnoses using biomarkers for the last 10 years,” said Harpaz-Rotem. “We still have a long way to go.”
About this neuroimaging and mental health research news
Author: Bess Connolly
Source: Yale
Contact: Bess Connolly – Yale
Image: The image is in the public domain
Original Research: The findings will appear in American Journal of Psychiatry
The Arrival of Tree Roots May Have Triggered Mass Extinctions in The Ocean : ScienceAlert
The first land plants to evolve penetrating root systems, around 400 million years ago, may very well have triggered a series of mass extinctions in the ocean.
The expansion of plants onto terra firma was a big moment on Earth, completely restructuring the terrestrial biosphere. According to researchers from Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) in the US and University of Southampton in the UK, the consequences for our oceans might have been just as profound.
During the Devonian Period, which stretched from 360 million to 420 million years ago, the marine environment experienced numerous mass extinction events. A particularly destructive event towards the end of this period resulted in the extinction of up to nearly 60 percent of all genera in the ocean.
Some scientists think trees were the root cause of these losses.
As plant life moved away from water sources, they dug ever deeper for new sources of nutrients. At some point their roots would have begun to pull phosphorus from minerals locked up underground.
Once the tree decays, those nutrients within its biomass dissolve more easily into groundwater, which eventually winds up in the sea.
In the Devonian, as root systems grew more complex and moved further inland, more and more phosphorus would have been dumped into the marine environment.
A new timeline of these nutrient pulses speaks to their destruction. The data is based on the chemical analysis of stones from ancient lake beds and coastlines in Greenland and Scotland.
“Our analysis shows that the evolution of tree roots likely flooded past oceans with excess nutrients, causing massive algae growth,” explains IUPUI earth scientist Gabriel Filippelli.
“These rapid and destructive algae blooms would have depleted most of the oceans’ oxygen, triggering catastrophic mass extinction events.”
While scientists have suspected tree roots of playing a role in Devonian mass extinctions before, this study is one of the first to calculate the magnitude and timing of phosphorus delivery from land to water.
From site to site, researchers found differences in how much phosphorus was present in the lake environment, but overall, most cases suggest there were large and rapid changes during the Devonian.
The fact that rising phosphorus levels in the ocean largely lines up with major extinction events during this time suggests the elevated nutrient played a role in the crisis.
Peaks of phosphorus exportation did not necessarily coincide in time or magnitude at each site studied, but the authors say that’s to be expected. The colonization of land by plants was not a “single punctuated event”, they explain, “but likely staggered geographically, peaking at different times in different parts of Euramerica and other parts of the Devonian Earth.”
The phosphorus on land depleted at varying rates depending on the location, leading to marine extinction events that lasted many millions of years. Although the precise processes behind the nutrient absorption, plant growth, and decay more than likely varied, an overall trend seems apparent. During drier periods, researchers found phosphorus delivery to lakes shot upwards, suggesting that tree roots might decay if not enough water is available, leading to the release of their nutrients.
Today, trees aren’t nearly as destructive for marine life as they were when they first arrived on the scene. Soil on land is now much deeper, allowing mineral-bound phosphorus to hide far beyond the reach of roots to leave organic molecules containing phosphorus to cycle more easily through the ecosystem.
That said, what is happening today shares worrisome patterns with what occurred hundreds of millions of years ago.
During the Devonian, atmospheric carbon dioxide and oxygen reached similar levels to those of recent years, but back then the changes were, in large part, due to the slow advance of plant life, as opposed to rapid changes through human activity.
Pollution from fertilizers and organic waste doesn’t require tree roots to make it out to sea. It is pumped there by us, and it’s triggering ‘dead zones’ of low oxygen in many important marine and lake environments.
“These new insights into the catastrophic results of natural events in the ancient world may serve as a warning about the consequences of similar conditions arising from human activity today,” says Fillipelli.
The study was published in GSA Bulletin.
Mass Extinctions May Have Been Driven by the Evolution of Tree Roots
According to new research, the evolution of tree roots may have triggered a series of mass extinctions.
Geologists find parallels between ancient, global-scale extinction events and modern threats to Earth’s oceans.
A series of mass extinctions that rocked the Earth’s oceans during the Devonian Period over 300 million years ago may have been triggered by the evolution of tree roots. This is according to a research study led by scientists at Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), along with colleagues in the United Kingdom.
Evidence for this new view of a remarkably volatile period in Earth’s pre-history was reported on November 9 in the scientific journal Geological Society of America Bulletin. It is one of the oldest and most respected publications in the field of geology. The study was led by Gabriel Filippelli, Chancellor’s Professor of Earth Sciences in the School of Science at IUPUI, and Matthew Smart, a Ph.D. student in his lab at the time of the study.
“Our analysis shows that the evolution of tree roots likely flooded past oceans with excess nutrients, causing massive algae growth,” Filippelli said. “These rapid and destructive algae blooms would have depleted most of the oceans’ oxygen, triggering catastrophic mass extinction events.”
Scientists collect rock samples on Ymer Island in eastern Greenland, one of several sites whose analysis provided insight into the chemical makeup of lake beds in the Devonian Period. Credit: John Marshall, University of Southampton
The Devonian Period, which occurred 419 million to 358 million years ago, prior to the evolution of life on land, is known for mass extinction events, during which it’s estimated nearly 70 percent of all life on Earth perished.
The process outlined in the study — known scientifically as eutrophication — is remarkably similar to modern, albeit smaller-scale, phenomenon currently fueling broad “dead zones” in the Great Lakes and the Gulf of Mexico, as excess nutrients from fertilizers and other agricultural runoff trigger massive algae blooms that consume all of the water’s oxygen.
The difference is that these past events were likely fueled by tree roots, which pulled nutrients from the land during times of growth, then abruptly dumped them into the Earth’s water during times of decay.
The theory is based upon a combination of new and existing evidence, Filippelli said.
Gabrielle Filippelli. Credit: Liz Kaye, Indiana University
Based upon a chemical analysis of stone deposits from ancient lake beds — whose remnants persist across the globe, including the samples used in the study from sites in Greenland and off the northeast coast of Scotland — the researchers were able to confirm previously identified cycles of higher and lower levels of phosphorus, a chemical element found in all life on Earth.
They were also able to identify wet and dry cycles based upon signs of “weathering” — or soil formation — caused by root growth, with greater weathering indicating wet cycles with more roots and less weathering indicating dry cycles with fewer roots.
Matthew Smart. Credit: Photo courtesy Matthew Smart
Most significantly, the team found the dry cycles coincided with higher levels of phosphorous, suggesting dying roots released their nutrients into the planet’s water during these times.
“It’s not easy to peer over 370 million years into the past,” said Smart. “But rocks have long memories, and there are still places on Earth where you can use chemistry as a microscope to unlock the mysteries of the ancient world.”
In light of the phosphorus cycles occurring at the same time as the evolution of the first tree roots — a feature of Archaeopteris, also the first plant to grow leaves and reach heights of 30 feet — the researchers were able to pinpoint the decay of tree roots as the prime suspect behind the Devonian Periods extinction events.
Fortunately, Filippelli said, modern trees don’t wreak similar destruction since nature has since evolved systems to balance out the impact of rotting wood. The depth of modern soil also retains more nutrients compared to the thin layer of dirt that covered the ancient Earth.
But the dynamics revealed in the study shed light on other newer threats to life in Earth’s oceans. The study’s authors note that others have made the argument that pollution from fertilizers, manure and other organic wastes, such as sewage, have placed the Earth’s oceans on the “edge of anoxia,” or a complete lack of oxygen.
“These new insights into the catastrophic results of natural events in the ancient world may serve as a warning about the consequences of similar conditions arising from human activity today,” Fillipelli said.
Reference: “Enhanced terrestrial nutrient release during the Devonian emergence and expansion of forests: Evidence from lacustrine phosphorus and geochemical records” by Matthew S. Smart, Gabriel Filippelli, William P. Gilhooly III, John E.A. Marshall and Jessica H. Whiteside, 9 November 2022, GSA Bulletin.
DOI: 10.1130/B36384.1
Additional authors on the paper are William P. Gilhooly III of IUPUI and John Marshall and Jessica Whiteside of the University of Southampton, United Kingdom. Smart is currently an assistant professor of oceanography at the U.S. Naval Academy. This study was supported in part by the National Science Foundation.