But while the big rigs, barbecues and bouncy castles were gone, major questions remained over how long the police would stay to prevent the possible return of demonstrators, and what consequences protesters — from participants up to far-right organizers — would face for the three-week-long blockade.

Tall fences have blocked off access to Wellington Street, the center of the encampments that clogged the thoroughfare running in front of Parliament and the prime minister’s office. A small contingent of holdouts remained in downtown Ottawa on Saturday night, holding a street party in open defiance of the police, who have repeatedly warned that those who remain risk arrest and fines.

“We continue to maintain a police presence in and around the area the unlawful protest occupied … to ensure the ground gained back is not lost,” the Ottawa police tweeted Sunday.

They’ve said that 103 of those arrested were charged. Police have pledged to “actively look” to identify those involved in the blockades and to “follow up with financial sanctions and criminal charges.”

Ariel Troster, a community advocate, lives in Centertown, a residential area downtown where daily life had been disrupted by the incessant honking of demonstrators and atmosphere of intimidation. Police have said that residents have been harassed for wearing masks and have faced racist vitriol.

“We are relieved to finally see some action to remove these extremists from our streets,” said Troster, 42. “But it shouldn’t have gotten this far. … I think it’s going to take a really long time and it’s going to take a lot of work to restore trust.”

Even as Ottawa residents celebrated the start of a return to normalcy, Canada’s Parliament continued to debate Prime Minister Justin Trudeau’s invocation of the 1988 Emergencies Act. Members are set to vote Monday to accept or reject use of the special powers authorized under that law.

The act is expected to pass, though some critics from both the left and the right have objected to its use. Trudeau said he needed to take the emergency measure as no other efforts to quell the “illegal and dangerous activities” affecting the country’s economy and security were working.

Bill Blair, Canada’s minister of emergency preparedness, said Sunday that “the job’s not yet done.”

“The reasons why we had to bring forward these measures, unfortunately, still exist,” he said on CTV’s Question Period.

Under the Emergencies Act, banks may freeze transactions suspected of funding the “Freedom Convoys” that paralyzed Ottawa and clogged several U.S.-Canada borders, disrupting millions of dollars a day in trade. Drivers of vehicles documented at the demonstrations can also lose their corporate bank accounts, vehicle insurance and driving licenses.

Ottawa Mayor Jim Watson told the Canadian Broadcasting Corp. that he wanted to see the Emergencies Act used to seize and sell the impounded vehicles to pay some of the costs incurred by the city.

Federal government officials said Saturday that the federal government would provide $20 million Canadian dollars ($15.7 million) to businesses affected by the protests, which authorities deemed illegal. They said 76 banks accounts worth more than $2.5 million had been frozen.

Police began to move in Friday, after 20 days of protesters having free rein in the capital’s downtown, including in residential areas. Despite tensions being high, the police response remained largely restrained, even by Canadian standards. Armed officers, some on horses and others in tactical gear, slowly moved truck-by-truck and block-by-block to push out demonstrators.

The police said they used pepper spray, stun grenades and other anti-riot weapons. Some demonstrators arrested had body armor, smoke grenades and fireworks on them, the police said Saturday.

Ontario’s Special Investigations Unit, a police watchdog, said Sunday that it was investigating two incidents from the operation to clear the blockades. One stemmed from officers discharging an anti-riot weapon and the other involved a woman who reported a serious injury after “an interaction” with a police officer on horseback.

The police have faced heavy criticism for failing to enforce laws during the convoy’s first three weeks. Critics noted that police have moved much more quickly and forcefully against other demonstrations, such as those held by Indigenous communities. The majority of “Freedom Convoy” participants were White.

Peter Sloly resigned as Ottawa police chief Tuesday under fire for his department’s handling of what he called a “siege” of the capital.

Law enforcement officials have denied that race or politics influenced their response. Rather, they have pointed to the tactical difficulties posed by the tightly packed rows of vehicles. They estimated that about 100 trucks had children living in or associated with them. Highly combustible jerrycans of fuel were also in wide circulation across the encampments.

Authorities additionally did not know if protesters were armed — and feared that items such as cooking knives, vehicles and hockey sticks could be used against them in an escalation.

Fears rose Feb. 14, when authorities said they arrested 11 people and seized guns, body armor and a “large quantity of ammunition” in Coutts, Alberta, where another convoy had been trying to block the U.S.-Canada border.

Canada’s public safety minister said Wednesday that some of those arrested in Alberta had “strong ties” to a “far-right extreme organization” with a presence in Ottawa.

Elizabeth Simons, deputy director of the Canadian Anti-Hate Network, said the group in question was Diagolon, an insurrectionist movement that has called for creating a nation-state diagonally running from Alaska through Canada’s western provinces and down to Florida.

The arrests also underscored how the “Freedom Convoy,” which focused from the outset on protesting health mandates and Trudeau’s government, was fueled in part by far-right organizers and influencers with a history of anti-government, anti-science and anti-media agendas.

Police arrested three key protest organizers — Tamara Lich, 49, Chris Barber, 46, and Patrick King, 44 — on Thursday and Friday. Barber, who was charged with mischief, obstructing police and disobeying a court order, was released on bail Friday. Under the conditions, he must leave Ottawa and cannot be in contact with or speak in support of any of the convoy’s participants or funders.

Both Lich and King remain in jail in Ottawa.

Lich, who is charged with mischief, appeared at a bail hearing Friday wearing a shirt in support of Canadian oil and gas and a court-mandated face mask. The session was adjourned until Tuesday morning, said Diane Magas, the Ottawa-based lawyer representing Lich and Barber.

Under Canada’s rules, Lich cannot fly back home to Alberta because she is unvaccinated. At the hearing, Lich’s husband, Dwayne Lich, told the court that he personally had little money but had flown to Ottawa on Feb. 2 via a private jet. He said the flight cost around $5,000 Canadian dollars ($3,900), but that a man named Joseph, whose last name he could not recall, covered his costs, Magas said.

Mischief is a wide-ranging charge that can include significant jail time. Magas said it was “too early” to say what Lich or Barber could face in terms of sentencing.

Jeffrey Monaghan, an associate professor at Carleton University’s Institute of Criminology and Criminal Justice, said that the goal of these court cases should “be trying to take momentum out of these movements.”

From a deterrence perspective, he said, when courts decide how to punish the convoy’s organizers and participants, they should consider “a form of leniency” so as to “not make martyrs out of these individuals and feed a lot of animosity.”

Amanda Coletta in Toronto contributed to this report.