Tag Archives: mountains

Scientists just found mountains of sugar hidden beneath the ocean

Many coastal areas around the world are home to lush green meadows — all thanks to seagrasses. 

As the only flowering plants growing in marine environments, these meadows are magic: One square kilometer of seagrass stores nearly twice as much carbon as land-based forests, and it does so 35 times faster. This makes seagrasses one of the most efficient global sinks of carbon dioxide on Earth.

And this isn’t the only remarkable thing about them, a new study has revealed. Submerged beneath the waves, seagrass ecosystems hold colossal reserves of sugar we never knew existed before, with roughly 32 billion cans of Coca-Cola’s worth of sweet stuff hiding in the seabed.

Naturally, this holds major implications for mitigating climate change and carbon storage.

Sweet, sweet seagrass

Scientists from the Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology in Bremen, Germany, reported in a study published in the journal Nature Eco­logy & Evol­u­tion that seagrasses release colossal amounts of sugar into their soils, which is also known as the rhizosphere. Under the seagrass, sugar concentrations were unexpectedly at least 80 times higher than previously measured in marine environments. 

“To put this into perspective: We estimate that worldwide there are between 0.6 and 1.3 million tons of sugar, mainly in the form of sucrose, in the seagrass rhizosphere”, explains Manuel Liebeke, head of the Research Group Metabolic Interactions at the Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, in a press release. “That is roughly comparable to the amount of sugar in 32 billion cans of coke!”

This happens because seagrasses produce sugar during photosynthesis. Most of the sugar produced by these plants is used for their metabolism and growth under average light conditions. Under high light conditions, however, such as at midday or during summer, the plants produce more sugar than they can store or use, and the excess sucrose is then released into the rhizosphere. 

You may wonder why sucrose is stored in the seabed rather than being consumed by the billions of millions of microorganisms in the rhizosphere. After all, microbes love sugar since it’s easy to digest and full of energy. Researchers behind the study were also puzzled over that question. 

“We spent a long time trying to figure this out”, says first author Maggie Sogin. “What we realized is that seagrass, like many other plants, release phenolic compounds to their sediments.” 

In case you don’t know, red wine, coffee, and fruits are full of phenolics, which are antimicrobials and inhibit the metabolism of most microorganisms. “In our experiments, we added phenolics isolated from seagrass to the microorganisms in the seagrass rhizosphere – and indeed, much less sucrose was consumed compared to when no phenolics were present.”

Status: Endangered 

The study highlights the sheer importance of seagrass meadows: Even though they are carbon storage powerhouses that can help with our climate woes, they are also some of the most threatened habitats on Earth. 

“Looking at how much blue carbon – that is carbon captured by the world’s ocean and coastal ecosystems – is lost when seagrass communities are decimated, our research clearly shows: It is not only the seagrass itself but also the large amounts of sucrose underneath live seagrasses that would result in a loss of stored carbon,” explains Liebeke. 

“Our calculations show that if the sucrose in the seagrass rhizosphere was degraded by microbes, at least 1,54 million tons of carbon dioxide would be released into the atmosphere worldwide. That’s roughly equivalent to the amount of carbon dioxide emitted by 330,000 cars in a year.” 

Untampered, seagrasses can store carbon for millennia, while rainforests do so for decades. However, as the tech industry races to capitalize on climate change and engineer solutions for sucking carbon from the atmosphere, seagrasses are disappearing at an alarming rate, with annual losses of up to seven percent in certain areas. Tragically, as much as a third of the world’s seagrass may already be gone.

“We do not know as much about seagrass as we do about land-based habitats”, Sogin remarks. “Our study contributes to our understanding of one of the most critical coastal habitats on our planet, and highlights how important it is to preserve these blue carbon ecosystems.”



Read original article here

There Are Mountains of Sugar Hidden in The Ocean, And We’ve Only Just Found Out

Hidden below the waves, the ocean contains vast reserves of sugar that we never were aware of, according to new research.

Scientists have discovered that seagrass meadows on the ocean floor can store huge amounts of the sweet stuff underneath their waving fronds – and there are major implications for carbon storage and climate change.

 

The sugar comes in the form of sucrose (the main ingredient of sugar used in the kitchen), and it’s released from the seagrasses into the soil underneath, an area directly affected by the roots, known as the rhizo­sphere. It means seabed sugar concentrations are some 80 times higher than they would be normally.

Worldwide, seagrasses could be sitting on up to 1.3 million tons of sucrose, the research team says. To put it another way, that’s enough for about 32 billion cans of Coca-Cola, so we’re talking about a substantial find of hidden sugar.

“Seagrasses pro­duce sugar dur­ing photosynthesis,” says marine microbiologist Nicole Dubilier from the Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology in Germany.

“Un­der average light conditions, these plants use most of the sug­ars they pro­duce for their own meta­bol­ism and growth. But un­der high light con­di­tions, for ex­ample at mid­day or dur­ing the sum­mer, the plants pro­duce more sugar than they can use or store. Then they re­lease the excess sucrose into their rhizosphere. Think of it as an over­flow valve.”

 

What’s surprising is that this excess sugar isn’t gobbled up by microorganisms in the surrounding environment. To stop this, it seems seagrasses send out phenolic compounds in the same way as many other plants do.

These chemical compounds – found in red wine, coffee, and fruit, as well as many other places in nature – are antimicrobials that inhibit the metabolism of most microorganisms, slowing them down.

The researchers tested out their hypothesis in an actual underwater seagrass field to confirm that this is indeed what was happening, via a mass spectrometry technique.

Studying seagrasses on the seafloor. (HYDRA Marine Sciences GmbH)

“In our ex­per­i­ments we ad­ded phen­olics isol­ated from seagrass to the mi­croor­gan­isms in the seagrass rhizo­sphere,” says marine microbiologist Maggie Sogin from the Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology.

“And in­deed, much less sucrose was con­sumed com­pared to when no phenolics were present.”

A small set of microbes actually thrived on the sucrose despite the presence of phenolics: the researchers think that these “microbial specialists” are perhaps giving something back to the seagrass in return, like nutrients they need to grow.

 

Seagrasses are some of the planet’s most important sinks for blue carbon (carbon captured by the world’s ocean and coastal ecosystems): an area of seagrass can suck up twice as much carbon as a forest of the same size on land, and 35 times as fast too.

When it comes to calculating carbon capture loss from the seagrass meadows – among the most threatened habitats on the planet due to human activity and decreasing water quality – scientists can now factor in the sucrose deposits as well as the seagrass itself.

“We do not know as much about seagrass as we do about land-based hab­it­ats,” says So­gin.

“Our study con­trib­utes to our un­der­stand­ing of one of the most crit­ical coastal hab­it­ats on our planet, and high­lights how im­port­ant it is to pre­serve these blue car­bon eco­sys­tems.”

The research has been published in Nature Eco­logy & Evol­u­tion.

 

Read original article here

Crews fight New Mexico fires as some evacuations lift

RUIDOSO, N.M. (AP) — Authorities have lifted some evacuation orders for a mountain community in drought-stricken southern New Mexico as firefighters worked Saturday to contain a wind-driven blaze that killed two people and destroyed over 200 homes.

The evacuation orders lifted late Friday covered about 60% of the estimated 4,500 people originally ordered to leave their homes since the fire started Tuesday but specific numbers weren’t immediately available, Village of Ruidoso spokesperson Kerry Gladden told The Associated Press on Saturday. Evacuation estimates were previously reported to be around 5,000 people.

“The big story is we’re in a re-population mode,” Gladden said earlier during a media briefing.

Those evacuation orders remaining in effect may be lifted in coming days, officials said.

Those waiting to return included Barbara Arthur, the owner of a wooded 28-site RV park that had wind damage but didn’t burn.

“We feel blessed,” said Arthur, who on Saturday was staying at a motel and preparing taco ingredients to take to another RV park for dinner with people displaced by the fire, including some of her tenants.

Arthur said the fire came within a half-mile (0.8 kilometer) of her park and that she saw flames while evacuating. “It’s the scariest thing I’ve ever been through in my 71 years of living,” she said.

Fire incident commander Dave Bales said crews worked to put out hot spots and clear lines along the fire’s perimeter to keep the fire from spreading. The fire has no containment but Bales expressed a mix of satisfaction with work done so far and prospects for coming days.

Weather conditions Saturday appeared favorable with reduced wind and increased humidity, Bales said. “We have lines in. We just want to make sure they hold in that wind,” he said.

The fire and the winds that spread it downed power lines and knocked out electricity to 18,000 customers. Electricity has been restored to all but a few dozen customers, said Wilson Guinn, a Public Service Co. manager.

But people returning to their homes needed to be cautious and call utility officials if they encounter downed lines, Guinn said.

“We may have missed something,” Guinn said. “Don’t try to touch them, fix them, roll them up, whatever.”

Gladden, the village spokesperson, said residents also need to be aware that the strong winds earlier in the week may have damaged trees that could still fall or lose limbs.

“It’s important that what started this whole event was a significant wind storm,” she said.

Hotlines lit up Friday afternoon as residents reported more smoke, which fire information officer Mike De Fries said was caused by flare-ups within the interior of the fire as flames found pockets of unburned fuel.

The fire started in the neighborhood and then spread to more remote areas, De Fries said Saturday. Authorities are investigating the cause.

“What you have here in Ruidoso are stretches where homes are destroyed, multiple homes are destroyed within neighborhoods,” De Fries said. “And then there is the clear evidence and the trail of the fire as it progressed further north and west and in some cases neighborhood to neighborhood as it burned through the Village of Ruidoso’s north and east side.”

Authorities have yet to release the names of the couple who died. Their bodies were found after worried family members contacted police, saying the couple had planned to evacuate Tuesday when the fire exploded but were unaccounted for later that day.

As of Saturday, the fire had burned 9.6 square miles (25 square kilometers) of timber and brush.

Hotter and drier weather coupled with decades of fire suppression have contributed to an increase in the number of acres burned by wildfires, fire scientists say. The problem is exacerbated by a more than 20-year Western megadrought that studies link to human-caused climate change.

There are other blazes in the state, including the smaller Nogal Canyon fire to the northwest of Ruidoso. That fire was caused by downed power lines, De Fries said, and has burned six homes and eight outbuildings. People have been ordered to leave the area.

“We are right now in a time, even though it’s very early in the year, where places like New Mexico have had extra stretches of just extremely dry weather,” De Fries said. “Combining that with some winds, and you can see by the number of fires that are taking place and number of new starts every day and each week that fire conditions are a big concern.”

Ruidoso a decade ago was the site of the most destructive wildfire in New Mexico’s recorded history when more than 240 homes burned and nearly 70 square miles (181 square kilometers) of forest were blackened by a lightning-sparked blaze.

While many older residents call Ruidoso home year round, the population of about 8,000 people expands to about 25,000 during the summer months as Texans and New Mexicans from hotter climates seek respite.

___

This story has been corrected to spell a fire information officer’s last name as De Fries, not DeFries.

___

Associated Press journalist Julie Walker contributed to this report.

Read original article here

Hiker falls 700 feet to death while taking selfie on a peak in the Superstition Mountains near Phoenix

A hiker camping on a peak in the Superstition Mountains east of metro Phoenix was found dead after apparently slipping while taking a selfie and falling hundreds of feet, authorities said Wednesday. The body of Richard Jacobson, 21, was recovered after a hiking companion called 911 at approximately 12:45 a.m. Monday, the Pinal County Sheriff’s Office said in a statement.

Jacobson’s body was found nearly 700 feet below where the hikers were camping on top of Flatiron near Lost Dutchman State Park, the office said.

“Mr. Jacobson went to go take a photograph with himself and the city skyline in the background, and he lost his footing, and he slipped, and he fell,” Sergeant Doug Peoble with Pinal County Sheriff’s Office Search and Rescue, told CBS affiliate KPHO-TV.


Hiker dies after falling at Flatiron Summit near Apache Junction by
azfamily powered by 3TV & CBS5AZ on
YouTube

An Arizona Department of Public Safety helicopter helped recover Jacobson’s body, the office said.

Andrew Thomas told KPHO-TV he spent three months as a missionary with Jacobson in 2020. “He really was one of those guys that everyone loved, and it’s sad to lose him, but we know that it’s not the end,” said Thomas. “We’re going to see him again.”

Thomas told the station he remembers Jacobson as someone who was kind and had a good sense of humor.

“He was just my companion in that sense,” said Thomas. “I spent all my waking hours with Richard, so I got to know him pretty well…he was an outdoorsman, hunter, hiker. He did stuff like that, so I guess he did die doing what he loved to do, just in a tragic way.”

According to a study in the Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 259 people died taking selfies from 2011-2017.

In 2018, a married couple who fell to their deaths in Yosemite National Park last week while taking a selfie, the man’s brother said.

Read original article here

Pebbles Before Mountains – NASA Mars

NASA’s Mars 2020 mission team has been working methodically and thoroughly, making good progress on understanding the best path forward to remove the uninvited pebbles from Perseverance’s bit carousel. Over the previous weekend, and earlier this week, operational sequences were developed and tested to remove these rocky interlopers.

With terrestrial experimentation complete, we have begun executing our mitigation strategy on Mars. On Jan. 12 we did a detailed image survey of the ground below Perseverance. This was done so we would have a good idea what rocks and pebbles already exist down there before some more – from our bit carousel – join them in the not-so-distant future.  

With this below-chassis, preliminary imaging, in hand, the team embarked on a maneuver with our robotic arm I never imagined we would perform – ever. Simply put, we are returning the remaining contents of Sample Tube 261 (our latest cored-rock sample) back to its planet of origin. Although this scenario was never designed or planned for prior to launch, it turns out dumping a core from an open tube is a fairly straightforward process (at least during Earth testing). We sent commands up yesterday, and later on today the rover’s robotic arm will simply point the open end of the sample tube toward the surface of Mars and let gravity do the rest.

I imagine your next question is, “Why are you dumping out the contents of the sample tube?” The answer is that, at present, we are not certain how much cored rock continues to reside in Tube 261. And while this rock will never make my holiday card list, the science team really seems to like it. So if our plans go well with our pebble mitigation (see below), we may very well attempt to core “Issole” (the rock from which this sample was taken) again.

Which brings me to next steps in our pebble mitigation strategy: we’re sending up commands to the rover later today, ordering it to do two rotation tests of the bit carousel. These tests (the first, a small rotation; the second, larger) will execute this weekend. Our expectations are that these rotations – and any subsequent pebble movement – will help guide our team, providing them the necessary information on how to proceed. Still, to be thorough, we are also commanding the rover to take a second set of under-chassis images, just in case one or more pebbles happen to pop free.   

We expect the data and imagery from these two rotation tests to be sent to Earth by next Tuesday, Jan. 18. From there, we’ll analyze and further refine our plans. If I had to ballpark it, I would estimate we’ll be at our current location another week or so – or even more if we decide to re-sample Issole.

So there you have it. The Perseverance team is exploring every facet of the issue to ensure that we not only get rid of this rocky debris but also prevent a similar reoccurrence during future sampling. Essentially, we are leaving no rock unturned in the pursuit of these four pebbles.

Read original article here

Earth’s Ancient Mountains Rose Up With Help From The Ocean’s Tiniest Organisms

Without an explosion in ocean life more than 2 billion years ago, many of Earth’s mountains might never have formed, according to new research.

When tiny organisms in the shallows of the sea, like plankton, die and sink to the bottom, they can add organic carbon to Earth’s crust, making it weaker and more pliable.

 

A case study of 20 mountain ranges around the world, including those in the Rockies, the Andes, Svalbard, central Europe, Indonesia, and Japan, has now linked the timing of high carbon burial in the ocean with the very generation of our planet’s peaks.

“The additional carbon allowed easier deformation of the crust, in a manner that built mountain belts, and thereby plate margins characteristic of modern plate tectonics,” the researchers write.

The changes seem to have begun roughly 2 billion years ago, in the middle of the Paleoproterozoic Era, when biological carbon from plankton and bacteria began to add exceptionally high concentrations of graphite to the ocean floor’s shale. This made the rock brittle and more likely to stack.

Within 100 million years, most mountain ranges began to form in these weakened slices of crust. Mountain ranges that emerged more recently follow the same pattern.

In the Himalayas, for instance, tectonic thrusting around 50 million years ago was focused on Paleoproterozoic sediments with the most organic-rich beds.

The timing and location implies that biological carbon in graphite continues to shape the geology of our planet.

 

“Ultimately what our research has shown is that the key to the formation of mountains was life, demonstrating that the Earth and its biosphere are intimately linked in ways not previously understood,” explains geologist John Parnell from the University of Aberdeen in Scotland.

The data for the study were collected from already published literature on mountain formation and buried marine biomass.

In the past, numerous studies have shown tectonic plates need to be weakened by graphite to create mountains, but how this initially occurs is less clear.

The new research suggests marine life is a key part of the process. All 20 of the mountain ranges studied ultimately held black shale highly concentrated with graphite, which appeared to come from a biological origin.

“We can see the evidence in the northwest of Scotland, where the roots of the ancient mountains and the slippery graphite that helped build them can still be found, in places like Harris, Tiree, and Gairloch,” says Parnell.

The surge in marine life 2 billion years ago most likely occurred in response to the Great Oxidation Event, when photosynthesizing bacteria began to produce vast amounts of oxidation, capable of supporting new forms of single-celled life, like an abundance of marine plankton.

 

Yet the formation of mountains doesn’t even require that much biological carbon. Just a small percentage of biomass is needed for the edges of tectonic plates to slip under or over one another when they collide.

In mountain ranges made from Paleoproterozoic sediment, however, carbon content is consistently above 10 percent. Scientists found it sometimes even reaches above 20 percent.

In short, it seems an exceptional surge in marine life billions of years ago set the stage for many of the mountain ranges we see today.

“As the carbon contents of the sediment were anomalously high in the Paleoproterozoic, the flux of carbon into subduction zones was greater, and hence deformation could take place more readily than had been possible hitherto,” the authors explain.

If the team is right, it means microscopic single-celled organisms, invisibly floating in the sea, might have played a key role in creating some of the largest geological structures on our planet.

From the littlest things on Earth, the biggest things can grow.

The study was published in Communications Earth & Environment.

 

Read original article here

Panjshir rebels take to mountains, Tajiks call for Pak PM’s boycott : The Tribune India

Tribune News Service

New Delhi, September 11

On the twentieth anniversary of the 9-11 attacks, the Taliban removed the tricolour Afghan flag and replaced it with its white flag at the Afghan Presidential Palace but the banner of defiance in Panjshir Valley remained aloft.

The Taliban corroborated claims by the rebels that the resistance in Panjshir Valley had not been crushed and that its fighters had taken refuge in caves and mountain hideouts.

The Taliban’s military offensive against the Panjshiris after just three hours of talks, along with rumours of Pakistani involvement, has further incensed the neighbouring Tajikistan.

A large number of civil society activists petitioned the Tajikistan Government to bar Pakistan PM Imran Khan from attending a summit of regional countries next week. Human rights activist Oynihol Bobonazarova and filmmaker Anisa Sabiri were among the signatories who sought a Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) probe into Pakistani involvement in crushing the resistance in Panjshir.

The strong sentiments in Tajikistan towards a Pashtun dominated takeover of Kabul were explicitly flagged by Tajik President President Emomali Rahmon in a meeting with Pakistan Foreign Minister Shah Mehmood Qureshi.

The Tajik civil society did not want the Pakistan PM to visit Dushanbe till he “refuses to interfere in Afghanistan’s internal affairs” and an inclusive government is created in Kabul.

Though the Taliban has claimed to have captured all the districts of Panjshir Valley, the National Resistance Front (NRF) said, “The Mujahideen, the resistance forces and your sons will fight to the death to defend your values and honour.”

“Right now, resistance forces are present in all the mountains,” local media quoted Panjshiri politician Abdul Latif Pedram as saying.

The resistance is being led by Ahmad Masood and Amrullah Saleh, both of whom have not been heard of for more than a week.

The Taliban says they have fled to Tajikistan but according to the NRF, they are present in the country but keeping off the Internet for security reasons. 

Panjshir residents have told the local media of numerous problems such as shortage of food and the shutting down of telecom services and power.



Read original article here

Large Cambrian Predator Fossil Found in Canadian Rocky Mountains

During the Cambrian Explosion over 500 million years ago, the oceans teemed with weird creatures that were busy redefining what life looked like on Earth. One of those creatures was just chiseled out of the Canadian mountains and is now one of the largest animals known from the time period.

The animal is Titanokorys gainesi, and it was built like a tank. T. gainesi had multifaceted eyes, a ring-shaped mouth that looks like a pineapple slice, claws to snap up prey, a trail of flaps for swimming, and a head covered in a massive carapace. It was a member of a primitive arthropod group called radiodonts. The fossil’s morphology and the circumstances of its discovery were published today in Royal Society Open Science.

“The first specimens were found in 2014, but it wasn’t until 2018 that we discovered a particularly pristine carapace [and] we recognized the significance of this find,” said Joe Moysiuk, a paleobiologist at the Royal Ontario Museum in Toronto and co-author of the paper, in an email to Gizmodo. “My coauthor Jean-Bernard split a particularly large slab of shale, and I recall hearing a gasp followed by a lot of yelling and everyone crowding around. We’ve found a lot of cool things, but this one really left an impression!”

The team found the fossil in Canada’s Burgess Shale, a stretch of rock in western North America that has yielded stupendously well-preserved remains of the animals that lived during the Cambrian (541 million to 485 million years ago), when the area was covered by sea. T. gainesi and other predators like it would have been filter feeders, sifting through the mud and sucking up any tasty morsels they came across.

Some of that petrified seabed, lifted up over time by tectonic shifts, now makes up the shale high in Canada’s Yoho National Park. To get the fossil down the mountain, Moysiuk said, the team wrapped it in foam, duct tape, and cut-up bits of pool noodle, then suspended the bundle from a helicopter.

Two years ago, the same team found an animal similar in shape to T. gainesi; they named it Cambroraster falcatus for the way it resembled Han Solo’s Millennium Falcon. The shale preserves even the soft tissue remains of those Cambrian creatures, meaning that paleontologists can study itsy-bitsy evolutionary relics in greater detail than they can in many dinosaurs, which turned up some 300 million years later. (Yeah, there’s more time separating the first dinosaurs from the Cambrian period than there is separating those dinosaurs from us!)

Perhaps the most impressive feature of T. gainesi is its size. Most animals that inhabited the Cambrian oceans were smaller than a pinky finger; this one is about a foot and a half long. If the typical Cambrian critter were the average human height, a T. gainesi in relative proportion would be nearly 40 feet tall.

A C. falcatus is chased off by an even larger T. gainesi. Animation by Lars Fields, © Royal Ontario Museum

“The sheer size of this animal is absolutely mind-boggling, this is one of the biggest animals from the Cambrian period ever found,” said lead author Jean-Bernard Caron, a paleontologist at the Royal Ontario Museum, in a museum press release.

“These enigmatic animals certainly had a big impact on Cambrian seafloor ecosystems. Their limbs at the front looked like multiple stacked rakes and would have been very efficient at bringing anything they captured in their tiny spines towards the mouth. The huge dorsal carapace might have functioned like a plough,” Caron added.

You can imagine the creature as a massive carnivorous zeppelin, floating just above the seafloor as it dredged the muck for food. The discovery expands the team’s knowledge of predators with carapaces during the Cambrian period; for the sake of everyone who loves nightmare creatures, let’s hope they find more.

More: Scientists Find Huge Trove of Marine Fossils from the ‘Cambrian Explosion’ in China

Read original article here

Body of Tatum Morrel, hiker missing since early July, found buried under rocks in Beartooth Mountains in Montana

Hikers have found the body of a woman who had been missing in the Beartooth Mountains in southern Montana since early July, Carbon County officials said. 

Tatum Morell

Carbon County Sheriff’s Office


Rescuers believe Tatum Morrel, 23, was climbing Whitetail Peak on July 2 when she was caught in a significant rock slide and suffered fatal injuries.

The area where her body was found on Saturday had been searched numerous times by rescue crews. However, she was mostly buried under rocks and was difficult to see, officials said.

“After almost two months of extensive search efforts, we are relieved that she is able to be returned to her family,” said Assistant Chief Jon Trapp with Red Lodge Fire Rescue.

Rescuers have recovered the body of missing hiker Tatum Morell.

Tatum was discovered by climbers on Saturday, August…

Posted by Red Lodge Fire Rescue on Sunday, August 22, 2021

Morell was an experienced hiker and climber who planned to climb five mountain peaks near Red Lodge, just north of Yellowstone National Park.

Morell, a graduate student at Montana State University, set up camp on July 1 and contacted her mother in Ketchum, Idaho that evening using a satellite communication device. It is believed she left her tent the next day and did not return. The search began on July 5.

Multiple search and rescue and law enforcement agencies, dog teams, helicopters, ground search teams and other means were used to try and locate Morell in the rugged, rocky terrain of the Beartooth Mountains, CBS affiliate KTVQ reported.

“Finding her, especially buried in that rockslide answered a lot of questions as to why our ground crews could find her, why helicopters couldn’t find her, and even why search dogs couldn’t find her. That helps us a lot with putting the pieces of the puzzle together,” Trapp told the station.

Helicopter crews helped recover her body from the mountains.



Read original article here

Wildfires in Algeria leave 42 dead, including 25 soldiers

ALGIERS, Algeria (AP) — At least 25 soldiers died saving residents from wildfires ravaging mountain forests and villages east of Algeria’s capital, the president announced Tuesday night as the civilian toll rose to at least 17.

President Abdelmadjid Tebboune tweeted that the soldiers were “martyrs” who saved 100 people from the fires in two areas of Kabyle, the region that is home to the North African nation’s Berber population. Eleven other soldiers were burned fighting the fires, four of them seriously, the Defense Ministry said.

Prime Minister Aïmene Benabderrahmane later said on state TV that 17 civilians had lost their lives, raising the count of citizens from seven previously and bringing the total death toll to 42. He provided no details.

The mountainous Kabyle region, 100 kilometers (60 miles) east of Algeria’s capital of Algiers, is dotted with difficult-to-access villages and with temperatures rising has had limited water. Some villagers were fleeing, while others tried to hold back the flames themselves, using buckets, branches and rudimentary tools. The region has no water-dumping planes.

The deaths and injuries Tuesday occurred mainly around Kabyle’s capital of Tizi-Ouzou, which is flanked by mountains, and also in Bejaia, which borders the Mediterranean Sea, the president said.

The prime minister told state television that initial reports from security services showed the fires in Kabyle were “highly synchronized,” adding that “leads one to believe these were criminal acts.” Earlier, Interior Minister Kamel Beldjoud traveled to Kabyle to assess the situation and also blamed the fires there on arson.

“Thirty fires at the same time in the same region can’t be by chance,” Beldjoud said on national television, although no arrests were announced.

There were no immediate details to explain the high death toll among the military. A photo pictured on the site of the Liberte daily showed a soldier with a shovel dousing sputtering flames with dirt, his automatic weapon slung over his shoulder.

Dozens of blazes sprang up Monday in Kabyle and elsewhere, and Algerian authorities sent in the army to help citizens battle blazes and evacuate. Multiple fires were burning through forests and devouring olive trees, cattle and chickens that provide the livelihoods of families in the Kabyle region.

The Civil Protection authority counted 41 blazes in 18 wilayas, or regions, as of Monday night, with 21 of them burning around Tizi Ouzou.

A 92-year-old woman living in the Kabyle mountain village of Ait Saada said the scene Monday night looked like “the end of the world.”

“We were afraid,” Fatima Aoudia told The Associated Press. “The entire hill was transformed into a giant blaze.”

Aoudia compared the scene to bombings by French troops during Algeria’s brutal independence war, which ended in 1962.

“These burned down forests. It’s a part of me that is gone,” Aoudia said. “It’s a drama for humanity, for nature. It’s a disaster.”

An opposition party with roots in the Kabyle region, the RCD, denounced authorities’ slow response to the rash of blazes as citizens organized local drives to collect bottled water and other supplies. Calls for help, including from Algerians living abroad, went out on social media, one in English trending on Twitter with the hashtag #PrayforAlgeria. Photos and videos posted showed plumes of dark smoke and orange skies rising above hillside villages or soldiers in army fatigues without protective clothing.

Climate scientists say there is little doubt climate change from the burning of coal, oil and natural gas is driving extreme events, such as heat waves, droughts, wildfires, floods and storms. A worsening drought and heat — both linked to climate change — are driving wildfires in the U.S. West and Russia’s northern region of Siberia. Extreme heat is also fueling the massive fires in Greece and Turkey.

___

Follow all AP stories on climate change issues at https://apnews.com/hub/climate.

Read original article here