Tag Archives: Learn

As rallies surge, protesters warn leaders ‘will learn what happens when we’re angry’ – The Times of Israel

  1. As rallies surge, protesters warn leaders ‘will learn what happens when we’re angry’ The Times of Israel
  2. Protests in Israel Turn Violent After Firing of Police Chief | Vantage with Palki Sharma Firstpost
  3. Protests grow as Israel’s far-right government advances with its judicial overhaul WPRI.com
  4. Protests ramp up for 27th week as bill to curtail judicial oversight set for 1st vote The Times of Israel
  5. Israel: water cannons disperse anti-government protesters blocking Tel Aviv highway Guardian News
  6. View Full Coverage on Google News

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Simon Pegg Hid Alcoholism on ‘Mission: Impossible’ Set: ‘You Learn How to Do It Without Anyone Noticing’ – Variety

  1. Simon Pegg Hid Alcoholism on ‘Mission: Impossible’ Set: ‘You Learn How to Do It Without Anyone Noticing’ Variety
  2. Simon Pegg says he doesn’t ask Tom Cruise about Scientology: ‘I feel that would be me abusing my privileged access that I get to him’ Yahoo Entertainment
  3. Simon Pegg “Kept Alcoholism Secret On ‘Mission: Impossible’ Set”; Reveals “Simple” Friendship With Tom Cruise Deadline
  4. ‘I kept my alcoholism secret on Mission: Impossible set,’ Simon Pegg reveals The Guardian
  5. Simon Pegg Struggled With Alcoholism In 2006 BuzzFeed
  6. View Full Coverage on Google News

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Google warns all Gmail users over ‘danger’ button – billions must learn to click it at the right time… – The US Sun

  1. Google warns all Gmail users over ‘danger’ button – billions must learn to click it at the right time… The US Sun
  2. Scam warning issued for anyone who uses Gmail or Microsoft Outlook Daily Record
  3. ‘Red alert’ scam warning issued for people who use Gmail and Microsoft Outlook North Wales Live
  4. Billions of Gmail, Outlook, Android, and iPhone users told to search for 4 words – ignoring can get your b… The US Sun
  5. ‘Red alert’ warning for people who use Gmail or Microsoft Outlook over phishing scams Manchester Evening News
  6. View Full Coverage on Google News

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What your favorite NFL team can learn from Mike Vrabel’s Tennessee Titans: Sando’s Pick Six

The NFL is so volatile, not even Tom Brady and Aaron Rodgers can count on winning this season.

The New York Giants and New York Jets tied for the league’s worst record over the previous five seasons, but both will take winning records into Thanksgiving, despite rough outings Sunday. The Minnesota Vikings, humbled 40-3 at home by Dallas, are nonetheless 8-2 and running away with the NFC North after some thought they should have blown up their roster to initiate a rebuild.

So volatile is the league that teams over the past couple seasons have gone all-in to acquire Matthew Stafford, Deshaun Watson, Tyreek Hill, Russell Wilson, Carson Wentz, A.J. Brown and others.

Through all this tumult, only two teams have winning records this season and in each of the previous four: the Kansas City Chiefs, who would have been your first guess, and the Tennessee Titans, who have outperformed oddsmakers’ preseason expectations every year under coach Mike Vrabel and crushed the Green Bay Packers at Lambeau Field to kick off Week 11.

The Pick Six column leads this week by revealing from league sources and research what other teams can learn from the 7-3 Vrabel-led Titans, who maximize their chances for winning through tactics available to everyone, but rarely discussed or even noticed.

“They are New England 2.0,” a rival coach said of the Titans.

The full Pick Six menu this week:

What your team can learn from Titans
Commanders’ defense transcends Sunday
Bench Zach Wilson? He’s 41st out of 41
Great day for Lions, now and in future
Jerry, can the Cowboys handle success?
Two-minute drill: Browns, Raiders, Broncos

1. The Titans own the NFL’s fifth-best record since Vrabel became head coach in 2018. That includes 29-19 (.604) outside the AFC South and 41-21 vs. teams that had winning records. Here’s how they keep proving skeptics wrong.

Some coaches call plays. Not Vrabel. He coaches the entire team and focuses on gaining competitive edges in critical moments.

Because of the Titans, the league closed a loophole that Vrabel exploited against New England in the 2019 playoffs when Tennessee, leading 14-13 with 6:39 remaining, incurred intentional penalties to drain the clock to 4:44 without running a play. Tennessee won other games after taking intentional penalties while seeking competitive advantages. The Titans also are known for being better than others at laying on offensive players during two-minute situations, and for incurring well-timed injuries to defensive players, which opponents see as buying time for defenders to regroup.

There is more than that beneath the surface.

“They are not known for analytics at all, but in terms of difference-making plays in crucial situations and coaching it better, they have won multiple games off stuff they have done situationally, tactically,” an exec from another team said on the condition of anonymity for competitive reasons.

When Vrabel gave his acceptance speech in February after winning Coach of the Year at the NFL Honors Show, he thanked the people coaches of the year typically thank — the team owner, his own family, players and assistant coaches. There was one conspicuous addition.

Before Vrabel acknowledged Titans players and coaches, he nodded toward a very important person in the audience and said, “I want to thank Stretch,” even though nobody outside a tight circle of NFL insiders had any idea who “Stretch” could have been.

John “Stretch” Streicher is the Titans’ football development coordinator. He is Vrabel’s answer to Ernie Adams, the retired Patriots researcher and strategist Bill Belichick said he “leaned heavily on” for decades. Adams’ role in New England became mystical as opponents suspected the Patriots of stretching or outright breaking rules to gain whatever edge they could gain.

Many teams employ staffers in Adams-type roles, but there’s evidence beyond Vrabel’s NFL Honors shout-out that Tennessee does a better job than anyone of implementing competitive advantages.

For example, the Titans under Vrabel lead the league in opponent false starts, according to TruMedia. They have drawn more of them overall, more of them on field goals and extra points, more of them on fourth-and-1, more of them when opponents were on the fringes of field-goal range, more of them inside their own 10-yard line — basically more of them when it matters most. Their defensive linemen are known among opponents for moving subtly or not so subtly — “stemming” is the parlance — to draw offensive movement in critical moments.

Nose tackle Teair Tart sometimes aligns in a stance with one knee on the ground. As the snap nears, he raises the knee off the ground, sometimes triggering movement from the offense. Fellow nose tackle Naquan Jones and other linemen sometimes shift abruptly, with similar results. The Titans have done this so well in critical situations, they lead the league in expected points added (EPA) on opponent false-start penalties since Vrabel took over, and it’s not particularly close: plus-58.5 EPA for the Titans, which is 1.5 times the league average. The Pittsburgh Steelers, who have employed more formidable outside pass-rushers, rank second since 2018 with 47.4 EPA on these opponent false starts.

The Titans account for two of the three largest EPA gainers on 2,517 regular-season opponent false starts from Vrabel’s hiring through the Titans’ victory at Green Bay. Tennessee owns four of the top 18, nine of the top 76 and 17 of the top 185. The Titans’ top four EPA gainers on opponent false starts all featured stemming, an aggressive arm wave or subtler movement by defensive linemen. That included one at Brady’s expense while the quarterback was still with the Patriots.

The Titans’ biggest EPA gainer on an opponent false start added 2.0 EPA in a 20-17 victory against the San Francisco 49ers last season. The score was 10-10 late in the third quarter when obvious stemming got the 49ers to jump on fourth-and-1 from the Tennessee 35. The 49ers went for it on fourth-and-6 from the 40, failed to convert and then watched Tennessee drive for a touchdown on its ensuing possession. The 2.0-point EPA gain was a little more than the Titans gained from completing a 16-yard touchdown pass against the Packers on first-and-10 early in the fourth quarter Thursday night. That’s adding significant value.

Tennessee opponents have said the Titans, mindful that holding is rarely called on defensive linemen, do a great job holding offensive linemen to maximize pass-rush stunts. They said the Titans have also been known to mimic opposing quarterback cadences. Both tactics became easier when the NFL relocated umpires to the offensive side of the ball.

“Every little thing you can think of to get an advantage, they have,” an opposing coach said. “Vrabel is on the competition committee. He has come from New England. He doesn’t call plays, so he can just work the officials and think of different ways to find an edge. You have to appreciate the gamesmanship and the attention to detail that they do it with.”

Vrabel’s membership on the competition committee lends itself to gaining an even firmer grasp of the rules and how to maximize advantages within them, while also giving him influence over potential changes. Earlier this season, Vrabel tweaked the league’s officiating department with a “reply-all” email to all head coaches and general managers suggesting the league focus more on getting basic officiating correct instead of drilling down on finer points of emphasis featured in weekly officiating videos.

None of this would matter much if the Titans did not do the basic things well. They play a physical brand of football rooted in some of the game’s most established fundamentals: running the ball, stopping the run, maximizing pass efficiency through the use of play-action. The offense has fallen off since the start of last season as the weaponry has declined, but the Titans are still outscoring opponents by 2.7 points per game, same as their average margin from 2018-20, because the defense has improved with an assist from Jim Schwartz’s hiring as a senior defensive assistant in 2021.

Players matter, too.

“It’s not like they are barren of talent like everyone thinks,” an exec said. “There is a toughness to Ryan Tannehill that, as maligned as he has been, he has had some really good performances. Jeffery Simmons and Denico Autry are really physical, tough players. You have Kevin Byard, one of the better safeties, and then David Long at linebacker is really coming along.”

Analysts still might question how the Titans keep winning after missing on some high-profile draft choices such as 2020 first-rounder Isaiah Wilson, while subtracting talented weapons in free agency (Jonnu Smith) and via trade (A.J. Brown), and while suffering injuries to key contributors such as left tackle Taylor Lewan and pass-rusher Harold Landry.

“Because they play complementary football, that is why,” another coach said. “If you play complementary football, you avoid the downfalls of certain jolts that come via draft picks. New England plays a lot of complementary football, but they also have six or seven guys who are special-teams only guys, guys who help them transition from one phase to the next.”

All bets on the Titans might be off if something happened to Derrick Henry, their tone-setting running back, except that Tennessee went 6-3 without him down the stretch last season while earning the AFC’s top seed.

“All their pieces work really well together,” the exec said. “What they try to do is have heavy run, great play-action. Well, Tannehill is really good under center off play-action. He is really good at throwing those in-cuts. If they are covered, he is really good at scrambling and taking off. That makes them unstoppable in the red zone when you add that to what Derrick Henry does.

“Defensively, what do they like to do? Rush four, get after you with those big guys up front and grab and hold on the back end, almost like Legion of Boom, to where officials are just sick of calling illegal contact and defensive holding. They limit turnovers on offense and create turnovers because they are stuffing the run, putting you in longer distances and playing from the back end with tight man coverage and guys being really handsy.”

It’s all pointing toward another winning season for Tennessee, which should be the expectation by now.

2. The Washington Commanders’ defense is suddenly one of the NFL’s best. Before you point out that Houston was the opponent Sunday, check this out.

Houston suffered its worst offensive game of the season (minus-18.4 EPA) against Washington. If you look at all the games Washington’s defense has played this season, a pattern emerges. No team has enjoyed better than its fifth-best offensive EPA game of the season against Washington, which is now 6-5 after winning for the fifth time in six games.

The table lays it out below. Detroit (Week 2) and Indianapolis (Week 8) enjoyed their fifth-best offensive games against the Commanders. That’s as good as it has gotten for any team against Washington. Philadelphia had its seventh- and eight-best offensive games against Washington.

The Commanders now rank ninth in defensive EPA per game, up from 25th last season. They held the Texans to five first-half yards in their 23-10 victory Sunday, the lowest total for any NFL team in a first half since the Jets held Kansas City to four in 2011 Week 14.

We know the Texans are bad on offense — really bad. But they were worse against the Commanders than they were against any other team, which reflects well on Washington. The Commanders are getting dominant play from tackles Jonathan Allen and Daron Payne. They are getting strong play from young safeties Kamren Curl and Darrick Forrest, who were late-round picks in 2020 and 2021, respectively. They unloaded unhappy cornerback William Jackson III before the trade deadline. And they could be getting an emotional boost from quarterback Taylor Heinicke, who will remain the starter after Carson Wentz’s return for obvious reasons, and because coach Ron Rivera, as a former defensive player, knows how all these things fit together.

3. Jets coach Robert Saleh said there’s zero thought about benching quarterback Zach Wilson even though the offense performed like “dog s—” in the second half Sunday. How bad is the QB situation?

The Jets, like the Commanders, have a defense that is high-performing enough to deliver victories if the offense simply doesn’t screw up the games. Unlike Washington, the Jets also have a young, highly drafted quarterback they are trying to bring along, which is why Saleh sounded adamant that Wilson would remain his starting quarterback, even after a brutal showing Sunday.

How long can this go on?

With Wilson completing 9 of 22 passes and taking four sacks during a 10-3 defeat to New England, the Jets finished the game with minus-21.4 EPA on offense. That was their worst figure of the season and third-worst in 27 games under Saleh. It was the second-worst figure for any team in Week 11, better only than Carolina’s irredeemable performance against Baltimore.

It was unsustainably bad for a team that could contend for the playoffs with even moderately below-average play from the quarterback position.

“What does more for your program, seeing Zach play a couple more weeks, or trying to squeak in the playoffs and lose the first wild-card game?” an exec from another team said. “Do you thoroughly vet him or mess around with Mike White, who has barely any starting experience?”

That’s a conversation for Saleh to have with general manager Joe Douglas. Wilson’s postgame comments about the windy conditions sounded like excuse-making. His refusal to say he let down the defense seemed clueless.

Wilson is 20 starts into his career. He has averaged minus-0.17 EPA per pass play, which ranks last through 20 starts among 41 quarterbacks who were drafted since 2012 and have started at least 20 times. Wilson is last by a wide margin, too. Davis Mills ranks 40th at minus-0.10 EPA per pass play, with Blake Bortles just ahead of him. The leaders were all on better teams. That list, from the top, features Patrick Mahomes, Lamar Jackson, Dak Prescott, Russell Wilson, Robert Griffin III, Jimmy Garoppolo, Justin Herbert, Deshaun Watson, Nick Foles and Andrew Luck.

The last time the Jets were coming off an especially bad performance on offense, they still emerged with a 16-9 victory against Denver in Week 7. After that game, the team elevated White into the No. 2 QB spot, moving him ahead of Joe Flacco. I thought it could have been a sign the Jets were considering a change. But Saleh said the team simply planned to evaluate White if an injury sidelined Wilson. Whatever the case, Flacco tossed as many touchdown passes in a Week 2 game against Cleveland (four) as Wilson has tossed in seven starts. White hasn’t played since suffering through a four-pick game against Buffalo last season.

4. The Lions are 3-0 since we noted Dan Campbell had a worse record through his first 24 games than Matt Patricia had in his final 24. That’s not the only good news for Detroit.

Campbell was 4-19-1 through 24 games with the Lions, the second-worst start for any coach in franchise history with at least that many games. Only Jim Schwartz (4-20) started worse, but he was able to turn it around, delivering the Lions to the postseason. Campbell is not close to that point, but he’s closer now than he was three weeks ago. There is hope again.

With the Los Angeles Rams in a free-fall, Detroit could be in line for a top-five 2023 draft choice as part of the Matthew Stafford trade, after getting the 32nd pick from Los Angeles in 2022. That was the trend Sunday for teams that traded away their 2023 first-round picks. Denver lost, meaning Seattle would hold the fifth pick under current draft order, thanks to the Wilson trade. Cleveland also lost, which means Houston would pick seventh, with a choice acquired from the Browns in the Watson trade.

The Rams lost Stafford to what could be his second concussion of the season Sunday. They likely will be starting their 11th offensive line combination in 11 games next week, after losing another left tackle to injury. They have lost four in a row heading into a closing stretch featuring games against Seattle (twice), Kansas City, the Chargers, Denver, Green Bay and the Raiders.

Some luck is breaking the Lions’ way. The bad news is, they play Buffalo on Thursday in Detroit, where the Bills won Sunday after their game against Cleveland was relocated to avoid the western New York snowpack.

The Lions under Campbell will go down swinging, at the least. They lead the league in fourth-down go-for-its in first halves with 13. They are one of four teams to try an onside kick in the first three quarters. They are one of three teams to execute more than one fake punt this season.

“Detroit is interesting, just how Campbell does things,” an exec with NFC North experience said. “He does everything different, but at least they are consistently different. They are biting kneecaps, firing non-coordinator assistants, which is rarely done during the season, and saying it’s all the best thing for their program. Their fourth-down strategy, their special-teams fakes — they are squeezing every last drop.”

5. The Cowboys exposed the Vikings, which raises the question we always have to ask about Dallas.

The Cowboys’ 40-3 pummeling of the previously 8-1 Vikings showcased Dallas at its best: nine pressures and two sacks from Micah Parsons, 109 yards receiving from running back Tony Pollard, Dak Prescott completing 22 of 25 passes for 276 yards and two touchdowns. It also showcased the Cowboys at their worst: owner Jerry Jones embracing Super Bowl talk after the game, as if that helps anyone in Week 11.

“Jerry acts like he is talking to Dak Prescott and Ezekiel Elliott, the guys who can handle that kind of a scope,” an exec from an AFC team said. “He thinks by talking about it, they will live up to his expectations. The opposite is true. For most of the guys on these teams, you literally want them to be on time to the facility, park in the right spot, sit up straight with their notebooks and pens ready, making sure the next drill gets done correctly.”

The Cowboys did dominate in all three phases. They became the seventh team since 2000 to finish a game two touchdowns better than average in both offensive and defensive EPA, and one touchdown better than average in the special-teams realm.

Yr-Wk Score OFF | DEF | ST Total

2012-14

SEA, 58-0 (AZ)

+14.1 | +34.0 | +9.9

+58

2011-02

DET, 48-3 (KC)

+15.4 | +20.3 | +9.3

+45

2011-05

SF, 48-3 (TB)

+19.2 | +18.4 | +7.4

+45

2009-14

BAL, 48-3 (DET)

+22.5 | +14.5 | +7.9

+45

2008-16

NE, 47-7 (AZ)

+16.6 | +15.3 | +8.1

+40

2010-09

GB, 45-7 (DAL)

+15.7 | +14.9 | +7.4

+38

2022-11

DAL, 40-3 (MIN)

+14.2 | +15.7 | +7.1

+37

As for the Vikings, we knew they were fortunate to be 8-1 heading into Week 11. The Vikings knew it, too. They were a ridiculous 7-0 in one-score games, tied with the 2006 Colts for the most through Week 10 for any team since at least 2000. We knew all that, and knew the Vikings could be vulnerable at home against Dallas. But 40-3 vulnerable? The losing margin for Minnesota was the NFL’s second-largest since 2000 for a team that entered the game seven or more games above .500. Only the 2010 Jets lost by more under such circumstances, 45-3 to New England.

6. Two-minute drill: Browns, Broncos, Raiders and more

Browns general manager Andrew Berry was optimistic during the offseason when the team drafted kicker Cade York and signed veteran special-teamers Corey Bojorquez and Jakeem Grant in free agency.

“It was a big priority for us this offseason to make sure that we had added some competition and talent to the kicking game,” Berry said then, before a torn Achilles ended Grant’s season in training camp.

As the Browns suffered a 31-23 defeat to Buffalo, they had a field-goal try blocked for the third time this season, and their coverage units allowed long returns. Cleveland lost the special-teams battle by 14.2 EPA, nearly double the second-worst differential for any team in Week 11.

The Browns have the NFL’s youngest starters on defense this season, which could affect the special teams as well. Whatever the case, the chart above shows the special teams and defense heading south this season while the offense continues upward, even without Watson, who becomes eligible to replace Jacoby Brissett behind center beginning Dec. 4. …

The Eagles’ late 75-yard drive to beat the Colts 17-16 featured nine rushes for 28 yards, two passes for eight yards and one pass-interference penalty for 39 yards. Yes, it was a fourth-quarter comeback victory for Philly, which never even trailed in a second half this season until last week, but the drive began with 4:37 remaining and didn’t reveal much new about the Eagles. As for the third-and-goal execution on Jalen Hurts’ quarterback draw, could the running lane have been any wider?

The Broncos’ offense looked better at times against the Raiders’ struggling defense, but Denver’s 22-16 overtime defeat at home moved quarterback Russell Wilson closer to joining a short list featuring JaMarcus Russell and Joey Harrington.

This was Wilson’s seventh start of the season in which his offense failed to exceed 16 points. If it happens against Carolina next week, Wilson will join a group of quarterbacks since 2000 with eight such starts in the first 12 weeks of a season. Akili Smith did it nine times with the Bengals in 2000. Five other quarterbacks endured a similar fate eight times: Russell, Harrington, Jake Plummer (2000), Marc Bulger (2008) and Sam Bradford (2011).

While injuries to offensive linemen, receivers and star running back Javonte Williams have contributed to the Broncos’ struggles, Wilson throwing incomplete on third-and-10 when the Broncos needed to keep the clock running while protecting a three-point lead late in regulation was puzzling. Coach Nathaniel Hackett said keeping the clock moving was the top priority and Wilson needed to take a sack unless there were an open receiver deep downfield. It’s probably the closest Hackett has come to criticizing his quarterback. Wilson didn’t offer a clear explanation for the error, which gave the Raiders time to move downfield for the overtime-forcing field goal after taking multiple shots at the end zone. …

With two touchdown catches Sunday, including the game-winner in overtime, the Raiders’ Davante Adams has 10 TD receptions, putting him on pace to challenge his career-best total of 18, which ranks tied for third in league history behind Randy Moss (23) and Jerry Rice (22). With Darren Waller and Hunter Renfrow sidelined, Adams has set career highs through the first 10 team games of a season for targets (112) and yards per reception (14.5). His 925 yards are the second-most for him to this point in a season. His 10 touchdowns match his career high through the first 10 games of a season, set in 2020.

(Top photo illustration: Sean Reilly / The Athletic; photo: Stacy Revere / Getty Images)



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Artificial Neural Networks Learn Better When They Spend Time Not Learning at All

Summary: “Off-line” periods during AI training mitigated “catastrophic forgetting” in artificial neural networks, mimicking the learning benefits sleep provides in the human brain.

Source: UCSD

Depending on age, humans need 7 to 13 hours of sleep per 24 hours. During this time, a lot happens: Heart rate, breathing and metabolism ebb and flow; hormone levels adjust; the body relaxes. Not so much in the brain.

“The brain is very busy when we sleep, repeating what we have learned during the day,” said Maxim Bazhenov, PhD, professor of medicine and a sleep researcher at University of California San Diego School of Medicine. “Sleep helps reorganize memories and presents them in the most efficient way.”

In previous published work, Bazhenov and colleagues have reported how sleep builds rational memory, the ability to remember arbitrary or indirect associations between objects, people or events, and protects against forgetting old memories. 

Artificial neural networks leverage the architecture of the human brain to improve numerous technologies and systems, from basic science and medicine to finance and social media. In some ways, they have achieved superhuman performance, such as computational speed, but they fail in one key aspect: When artificial neural networks learn sequentially, new information overwrites previous information, a phenomenon called catastrophic forgetting. 

“In contrast, the human brain learns continuously and incorporates new data into existing knowledge,” said Bazhenov, “and it typically learns best when new training is interleaved with periods of sleep for memory consolidation.”

Writing in the November 18, 2022 issue of PLOS Computational Biology, senior author Bazhenov and colleagues discuss how biological models may help mitigate the threat of catastrophic forgetting in artificial neural networks, boosting their utility across a spectrum of research interests. 

The scientists used spiking neural networks that artificially mimic natural neural systems: Instead of information being communicated continuously, it is transmitted as discrete events (spikes) at certain time points.

They found that when the spiking networks were trained on a new task, but with occasional off-line periods that mimicked sleep, catastrophic forgetting was mitigated. Like the human brain, said the study authors, “sleep” for the networks allowed them to replay old memories without explicitly using old training data. 

Memories are represented in the human brain by patterns of synaptic weight — the strength or amplitude of a connection between two neurons. 

“When we learn new information,” said Bazhenov, “neurons fire in specific order and this increases synapses between them. During sleep, the spiking patterns learned during our awake state are repeated spontaneously. It’s called reactivation or replay. 

Artificial neural networks leverage the architecture of the human brain to improve numerous technologies and systems, from basic science and medicine to finance and social media. Image is in the public domain

“Synaptic plasticity, the capacity to be altered or molded, is still in place during sleep and it can further enhance synaptic weight patterns that represent the memory, helping to prevent forgetting or to enable transfer of knowledge from old to new tasks.”

When Bazhenov and colleagues applied this approach to artificial neural networks, they found that it helped the networks avoid catastrophic forgetting. 

“It meant that these networks could learn continuously, like humans or animals. Understanding how human brain processes information during sleep can help to augment memory in human subjects. Augmenting sleep rhythms can lead to better memory. 

“In other projects, we use computer models to develop optimal strategies to apply stimulation during sleep, such as auditory tones, that enhance sleep rhythms and improve learning. This may be particularly important when memory is non-optimal, such as when memory declines in aging or in some conditions like Alzheimer’s disease.”

Co-authors include: Ryan Golden and Jean Erik Delanois, both at UC San Diego; and Pavel Sanda, Institute of Computer Science of the Czech Academy of Sciences.

About this AI and learning research news

Author: Scott LaFee
Source: UCSD
Contact: Scott LaFee – UCSD
Image: The image is in the public domain

See also

Original Research: Open access.
“Sleep prevents catastrophic forgetting in spiking neural networks by forming a joint synaptic weight representation” by Maxim Bazhenov et al. PLOS Computational Biology


Abstract

Sleep prevents catastrophic forgetting in spiking neural networks by forming a joint synaptic weight representation

Artificial neural networks overwrite previously learned tasks when trained sequentially, a phenomenon known as catastrophic forgetting. In contrast, the brain learns continuously, and typically learns best when new training is interleaved with periods of sleep for memory consolidation.

Here we used spiking network to study mechanisms behind catastrophic forgetting and the role of sleep in preventing it.

The network could be trained to learn a complex foraging task but exhibited catastrophic forgetting when trained sequentially on different tasks. In synaptic weight space, new task training moved the synaptic weight configuration away from the manifold representing old task leading to forgetting.

Interleaving new task training with periods of off-line reactivation, mimicking biological sleep, mitigated catastrophic forgetting by constraining the network synaptic weight state to the previously learned manifold, while allowing the weight configuration to converge towards the intersection of the manifolds representing old and new tasks.

The study reveals a possible strategy of synaptic weights dynamics the brain applies during sleep to prevent forgetting and optimize learning.

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Twitter Employees Start To Learn About Layoffs – NBC News

  1. Twitter Employees Start To Learn About Layoffs NBC News
  2. Latest Stock Market News: October jobs report strong, Musk to begin mass Twitter layoffs, Starbucks shares jump on record sales, inflation tops voters’ concerns | November 04, 2022 | Live Updates from Fox Business Fox Business
  3. The Twitter layoffs were handled terribly, says Big Tech’s Alex Kantrowitz CNBC Television
  4. Massive layoffs begin at Twitter one week after Elon Musk takeover; lawsuit filed by employees KGO-TV
  5. Twitter, cut in half – by Casey Newton and Zoë Schiffer Platformer
  6. View Full Coverage on Google News

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Why Learn Ancient Tech? | Hackaday

The inner orbits of the Hackaday solar system have been vibrating with the announcement of the 2022 Hackaday Supercon badge. The short version of the story is that it’s a “retrocomputer”. But I think that’s somehow selling it short a little bit. The badge really is an introduction to machine language or maybe a programming puzzle, a ton of sweet blinky lights and clicky buttons, and what I think of as a full-stack hacking invitation.

Voja Antonic designed the virtual 4-bit machine that lives inside. What separates this machine from actual old computers is that everything that you might want to learn about its state is broken out to an LED on the front face, from the outputs of the low-level logic elements that compose the ALU to the RAM, to the decoder LEDs that do double-duty as a disassembler. You can see it all, and this makes it an unparalleled learning aid. Or at least it gives you a fighting chance.

So why would you want to learn a made-up machine language from a non-existent CPU? Tom Nardi and I were talking about our experiences on the podcast, and we both agreed that there’s something inexplicably magical about flipping bits, calling the simplest of computer operations into action, and nonetheless making it do your bidding. Or rather, it’s anti-magical, because what’s happening is the stripping away of metaphors and abstractions. Peering not just behind, but right through the curtain. You’re seeing what’s actually happening for once, from the bottom to the top.

As Voja wrote on the silkscreen on the back of the badge itself: “A programmer who has never coded 1s and 0s in machine language is like a child who has never run barefoot on the grass.” It’s not necessary, or maybe even relevant, but learning a complex machine in its entirety is simultaneously grounding and mind-expanding. It is simply an experience that you should have.

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Brain Cells in a Dish Learn How to Play Pong

Scientists have taught a collection of brain cells living in a dish how to play a version of the arcade game pong. The research could one day give doctors a ‘sandbox’ with which to test treatments for brain diseases.

For hundreds of years, the scientific community has been attempting to unravel the inner workings of the human brain. This hyper-complex organ contains around 86 billion specialized messenger cells – known as neurons – that control everything from how we mediate our vital bodily functions, to how we conjure and express complex thought.

Unlocking the secrets to its function would allow scientists to remedy countless ailments, and advance a range of related technologies.

To this end, some of the brightest boffins on Earth have created countless computer models of the brain with varying scales and levels of complexity. However, an international team of scientists is trying a different approach, by taking embryonic mouse brain cells and human brain cells created from stem cells and growing them on top of a microelectrode array.

Gorgeous Photos of Earth from Space

This array is capable of tracking the behavior of the 800,000 cells, and of applying electric stimulation to prompt activity in them. In effect, DishBrain, as the team calls it, is a relatively simplistic living model of part of a living brain.

“In the past, models of the brain have been developed according to how computer scientists think the brain might work,” comments Dr. Brett Kagan, lead author of the new study and Chief Scientific Officer at Cortical Labs. “That is usually based on our current understanding of information technology, such as silicon computing. But in truth, we don’t really understand how the brain works.”

In a new study published in the journal Neuron, scientists took DishBrain and attempted to make the cells act in an intelligent, coordinated way to complete a task. More specifically, they wanted to see if they could get the myriad cells to act as one, and successfully play the tennis game, Pong.

The team used a series of electrodes to create their virtual pong court. They were able to tell the cells which side of the court the ball was on using electrical signals, and the frequency of these signals was used to indicate its direction, and how far away the ball was from passing through an invisible wall to score.

According to a press release from the Australian site Science in Public, feedback from the electrodes was also used to teach the model brain how to return the ball. More specifically, the activity of cells in two defined regions of the dish was gathered and used to move a virtual paddle up and down.

However, training the model brain to correctly move the paddle was challenging. Ordinarily, dopamine is released by the brain to reward a correct action, and this in turn encourages a subject to act in a specific way. With DishBrain, this was not an option.

Instead, the team turned to a scientific theory known as the ‘free energy principle’ which asserts that cells like neurons will do what they can to reduce the unpredictability in their environment.

The team implemented the theory by hitting the dish with an unpredictable electrical stimulus when the paddle failed to intercept the ball, after which the virtual ball would set off again on a random vector. Conversely, if the neurons were able to move the paddle to successfully deflect the ball, then a predictable electrical stimulus was applied to all of the cells at once, after which the game continued in a predictable way.

Since the cells were inclined to make their environment predictable, they worked to understand the game and prolong the pong rally.

“The beautiful and pioneering aspect of this work rests on equipping the neurons with sensations — the feedback — and crucially the ability to act on their world,” says Professor Karl Friston, a co-author of the new study from University College London. “Remarkably, the cultures learned how to make their world more predictable by acting upon it.”

The team discovered that DishBrain’s ability to extend a rally improved significantly over the course of just five minutes. In other words, the cells were able to self-organize to complete a goal, using what the researchers defined as synthetic biological intelligence.

“The translational potential of this work is truly exciting: it means we don’t have to worry about creating ‘digital twins’ to test therapeutic interventions,” comments Professor Friston. “We now have, in principle, the ultimate biomimetic ‘sandbox’ in which to test the effects of drugs and genetic variants – a sandbox constituted by exactly the same computing (neuronal) elements found in your brain and mine.”

Moving forward, the researchers are planning to give DishBrain alcohol to see how it affects its performance at pong. One day, the authors of the study hope that the model could provide a useful alternative to animal testing, and allow physicians to gain new insights regarding degenerative diseases like dementia.

Anthony Wood is a freelance science writer for IGN

Image credit: Cortical Labs

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“Today I Learned”: People Share 40 New Curious Facts You Can Learn Today Too (New Pics)

There are hundreds of thousands of thoughts running through our minds every single minute. In such a busy world that we live in, we’re bombarded with information, whether from media or other people that we have to process somehow. And this is one hell of a task to do, yet it never ends.

So let’s all put a pause on whatever it is that our pacing minds and bodies are thinking and doing and sit back to enjoy the moment. While devouring so much content, voluntarily or not, we often forget to reflect on the things we see, read and hear.

This time we’re going to do just the opposite with our monthly collection of “Today I Learned” posts that spark the joys of curiosity and learning. Scroll down, upvote your favorite posts and let this break last longer with more TIL posts that we have prepared for you, here, here, and here.

TIL that the Magic Eraser has no chemical solvents in it. Instead it is a special foam with super sharp microscopic edges that basically scrapes off dirt.

kliuedin , Whoisjohngalt Report

TIL Flowers exposed to the playback sound of a flying bee produce sweeter nectar within 3 minutes, with sugar concentration averaging 20% higher.

Quantum_II , Pixabay Report

Previously, Bored Panda spoke with Helen Marlo, a licensed clinical psychologist and Jungian psychoanalyst who provides psychotherapy, psychoanalysis, and consultation about how we can all become better at learning new things every day.

According to Marlo, “it helps to understand what messages we have internalized about curiosity as well as the responses received from others when we express curiosity.”

“For example, many internalize that being curious means they “do not know something” or are not intelligent. That inhibits curiosity and its negative effects are compounded because it limits further learning,” the professor explained.

TIL in the early 90s LL Cool J shared with his grandma that he couldn’t survive as a rapper now that gangsta rap was popular. His grandma responded, “Oh baby, just knock them out!” which inspired him to write ‘Mama Said Knock You Out’ a grammy award winning certified platnum single.

shaka_sulu , Mikamote Report

TIL The founder of Sony hired an outspoken critic of their products so they could make better products. 20 years later, he became the president of Sony.

types_in_airplane , Franny Wentzel Report

TIL that in 1845 79 people died in a bridge collapse that happened because a large crowd had gathered to watch a clown in a bathtub be pulled up a river by four geese.

barnegatsailor , Frederick James Smyth Report

Research suggests that “individuals who feel secure in relationships are more likely to feel and express curiosity including feeling free and confident to explore others’ viewpoints; pursue a new hobby, or learn a new subject area,” Marlo noted.

Among many new things we can learn every day, language is one of the most beneficial ones. She explained that learning a new language has many benefits including improving cultural awareness and increasing empathy. 

TIL there’s an unexplained global effect called “The Hum” only heard by about 2-4% of the world’s population. The phenomenon was recorded as early as the 1970s, and its possible causes range from industrial environments, to neurological reasons, to tinnitus, to fish.

I_am_eating_a_mango , Michael Dziedzic Report

TIL that the “Perfect Aryan” poster child that was widely used in Nazi propaganda was actually Jewish. The photo was selected from a Nazi-held contest, where the photographer of the baby had submitted the photo as an ironic joke.

eStuffeBay Report

TIL that Supai, AZ is the most remote community in the contiguous US. It is 8 miles from the nearest road and is only accessible by foot, mule, or helicopter. It is the only place in the United States where mail is still carried in and out by mules.

Lagavulin16_neat , Elf Report

There has been an argument that learning languages have the ability to prevent diseases like dementia, but Helen warns that data on that is still unclear. “However, very generally speaking, there is a “use it or lose it” principle when it comes to our brain health. We are less likely to “lose it” when we “use it.”

TIL that breast cancer used to be known as “Nun’s disease” due to the higher prevalence amongst nuns, who were at increased risk due to their celibate lifestyle. An association between reproductive history and cancer risk wasn’t proven for about 250 years after it was associated with nuns.

barrycl , Josh Applegate Report

TIL in 1982, Byron Peiss wrote a book called the Secret. In it, there are clues to 12 treasure boxes hidden in various places all around the US and Canada. As of 2022, only 3 of the 12 boxes have ever been found. If a box is discovered, you can exchange it for bragging rights and a precious gem

SengokuSamurai97 , Roman Kraft Report

TIL A 2017 study found that the introduction of iodized salt in 1924 raised the IQ for the one-quarter of the population most deficient in iodine.

kstinfo , Ethantrott Report

TIL Certain types of fly larvae are ideal for treating gangrene because they feed on dead and infected tissue but leave healthy tissue alone. However, because of the nature of this type of treatment, many people are reluctant to try it.

wutface0001 , Novita Estiti Report

TIL The Xerox 914, the first commercially successful photocopier, came equipped with a ‘scorch eliminator’. The scorch eliminator was actually just a fire extinguisher, which was required as the device commonly caught fire.

jamescookenotthatone , Raimond Spekking Report

TIL In the 1990s Marvel released their financial reports in comic book form. The comics featured characters like Spider-Man and The Incredible Hulk discussing revenue sources and future business plans.

jamescookenotthatone , Erik Mclean Report

TIL of “Target Fixation”: a phenomenon where an individual becomes so focused on an observed object (be it a target, or hazard to be avoided) that they inadvertently increase their risk of colliding with the object.

sav4nt , George Pagan III Report

TIL a Berlin-based artist tricked Google Maps into thinking that a completely empty street was bursting with traffic by filling a wagon with 99 smartphones, opening Maps navigation on all of them, and then slowly pulling the wagon along Berlin streets.

The_Ry_Ry , Ingo Joseph Report

TIL there is a species of mushroom that infects and zombifies carpenter ants. The mushroom slowly takes control of the ant’s motor functions and leads them away from the colony to die in a place ideal for growing. Then the mushroom grows out of the ant’s head.

TheRealCourtneyW Report

TIL about the lia radiological accident, where three Georgians discovered two abandoned radioactive sources in the forest around which “there was no snow for about a 1 m (3.3 ft) radius, and the ground was steaming”, they then decided to use them as heat sources for the night. One died.

madplaysh , Dasha Urvachova Report

TIL Charles Darwin spent 6 months in South America looking for a lesser rhea (an ostrich-like bird) only to have one served to him for dinner. Halfway through the meal, Darwin realized what he was eating, gathered the parts and sent them to England for taxidermy and formal classification.

Geek_Nan , John Gould Report

TIL Michelangelo created a sleeping Cupid figure and treated it with acidic earth to appear ancient. He then sold it to a dealer who then sold it to Cardinal Riario of San Giorgio who later learned of the fraud and demanded his money back. Michelangelo was permitted to keep his share of the money.

SingLikeTinaTurner , Giulio Romano – Umberto Baldini Report

TIL one of the moons of Mars (Phobos) orbits Mars much faster than Mars rotates, and completes an orbit in just 7 hours and 39 minutes. From the surface of Mars it appears to rise in the west, move across the sky in 4 hours and 15 minutes, and set in the east, twice each Martian day.

Doll_Tow_Jet-ski Report

TIL about a Brazilian Con artist called Carlos Kaiser, who had a decade long career as a Football player, and managed to sign for multiple teams, without player even one regular game. The one time he almost had to play, he started a fight during, to get a Red Card, avoiding to actually play.

RealityCheck18 Report

TIL that nearly all mammals, from mice to giraffes, have exactly 7 cervical vertebrae in their necks; the only exceptions are sloths and manatees.

1_GOLD_PLEASE , Adam Rhodes Report

TIL about Narbacular Drop, a puzzle game made by students at DigiPen University of Technology, which emphasized the usage of portals to solve puzzles; the entire team was later hired by Valve Software and would go on to make Portal

a32bitmint Report

TIL: According to Guinness World Records, PATH, a mostly underground pedestrian walkway network in downtown Toronto, is the largest underground shopping complex in the world. PATH spans more than 30 kilometres of restaurants, shopping, services and entertainment.

248_RPA Report

TIL Pope John Paul II forgave his attempted assassin Mehmet Ali Ağca who shot him four times in 1981. At the Pope’s request, the Italian President pardoned Ağca of the crime and he was deported back to Turkey. Ağca requested to meet Pope Francis in 2014 but Francis chose to decline.

ChronosBlitz , nieznany/unknown Report

TIL: Prior to the D-Day landings, men were covertly sent ashore from submarines to collect samples of the sand to see whether it could support the weight of the tanks, trucks and other vehicles.

AaliyahK12 Report

TIL that a politician from the United Kingdom, John Bell, believed that he was a bird, stating that he could fly much better than a bird, because he kept his shoulders oiled. Despite his state of mind, he remained a Member of Parliament until his death in 1851.

Kurma-the-Turtl Report

TIL of a plane who made a forced landing on a Greenland ice cap in Nov. 1942. In attempting their rescue, 6 more planes either also stranded or crashed and it would take the survivors 5 and a half months of sheltering on the glacier until they were all rescued.

John-Piece Report

TIL in 1981 Chicago mayor Jane Byrne moved into the crime ridden Cabrini–Green public housing project in an attempt to improve its reputation. Despite having bodyguards she left just a few weeks later, furthering the public perception of Cabrini–Green as the “worst of the worst” in the city.

GoodSamaritan_ Report

TIL that consumption of the Australian aquatic fern called Nardoo can cause you to starve if improperly prepared. The plant contains vast quantities of an enzyme that obliterates thiamine (vitamin B1), making your body unable to unlock energy from food, even if eating a full nutritious diet.

embouteillagez , Mark Marathon Report

TIL the US Navy has a ‘Fleet Admiral’ rank which only four people have ever achieved. It includes the unique benefit of active duty pay for life.

SuicidalGuidedog Report

TIL it took around 3 billion years for the very first single-celled organisms to eventually evolve into basic animal life forms. For comparison, dinosaurs were around for about 165 million years, modern humans have been around for 300,000 years.

youngsaturn , Joseph Graham Report

TIL Throughout much of the 20th century, a majority of states once required a blood test (mostly for STIs) before issuing a couple a marriage license.

DeadPrateRoberts Report

TIL Some flying insects have biologic versions of gyroscopes. The haltere is a small bell like structure that vibrates and can account for changes in rotation using the Coriolis effect, so the insect knows its position and can make corrections.

jamescookenotthatone Report

Note: this post originally had 65 images. It’s been shortened to the top 40 images based on user votes.


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NASA Hubble Space Telescope, James Webb Telescope helping learn more about faraway worlds!

NASA Exoplanets confirmed that there are more than 5,000 planets beyond our solar system. It also said that the Hubble Space Telescope and James Webb Telescope are helping learn more about faraway worlds.

You must be knowing about planets in our solar system, one of them being the planet on which we live- Earth. But do you know that NASA has confirmed more than 5,000 planets beyond our solar system, so far. Also, with the help of NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope and James Webb Telescope the research organisation is trying to learn more about the faraway worlds. Informing about the same, NASA Exoplanets, NASA team looking for planets and life beyond our solar system tweeted, “We’ve confirmed more than 5,000 planets beyond our solar system ­– so far. We’re living in an age of discovery! With @NASAWebb we’re building on science by @NASAHubble and other telescopes to learn more about the actual conditions on these faraway worlds.”

It can be known that NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope has begun to deliver amazing number of images and data. The targets for observations to come include the atmospheres of some of the strangest exoplanets found so far. “Among the best ways to understand these atmospheres, and even the planets themselves, will be the first-ever direct observations of clouds, however weird and exotic they might be,” NASA said in a report.

Also Read: Astronomers witness a Black Hole delivery system in action! Check details

“On Earth, a lot of these minerals are jewels,” said Tiffany Kataria, an exoplanet scientist at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California. “A geologist would study them as rocks on Earth. But they can form clouds on exoplanets. That’s pretty wild.”

“These planets – hot gas giants – are among many exoplanet types confirmed in the galaxy. They could have clouds of vaporized rock because they orbit so close to their stars, making their atmospheres ferociously hot,” the report informed.

“Clouds tell us a lot about the chemistry in the atmosphere,” Kataria said. “It then becomes a question of how the clouds formed, and the formation and evolution of the system as a whole,” she added.

The Webb telescope’s many capabilities include “spectroscopy” – splitting the light Webb receives from distant stars and planets into a spectrum, a bit like a rainbow. That would allow scientists to read the types of molecules present in an exoplanet atmosphere. And that means Webb could detect specific types of minerals in clouds. Detailed study of exoplanet clouds might even yield evidence of a habitable, potentially life-bearing planet – say on a small, rocky world like Earth.

James Webb Space Telescope is an international program led by NASA with its partners, ESA (European Space Agency) and the Canadian Space Agency.

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