Tag Archives: Insider Stock Sales/Purchases

Opinion: Tesla investors have been the biggest losers in Elon Musk’s Twitter deal, and those losses continue

Twitter users have complained a lot about Elon Musk’s early moves after taking control of the social network, but their complaints seem tiny compared with what Tesla Inc. investors have had to suffer.

As the U.S. focused on election returns Tuesday evening, Tesla
TSLA,
-7.17%
Chief Executive Musk tried to slip through disclosure of his long-awaited stock sales, revealing that he had sold nearly $4 billion of Tesla stock in the previous three trading sessions. Musk did not publicly address the stock sales nor his intentions to sell more within 24 hours of the disclosure, even while tweeting roughly 20 times in that period.

[MarketWatch asked him on Twitter to address the sales twice, and did not receive a reply; Tesla disbanded its media-relations department years ago.]

The sales fueled a further downturn in shares of the electric-vehicle maker on Wednesday, when the stock fell 7.2% to $177.59, its lowest closing price since November 2020. Tesla is currently down 49.6% on the year, which would be far and away the worst year yet for the stock — the previous record annual decline was 2016, when it fell 11%.

The problems for Tesla investors go far beyond Musk selling its stock so that he could overpay for a company with limited growth prospects and a host of other problems, but the poor optics certainly start there.

“He sold caviar to buy a $2 slice of pizza,” said Dan Ives, a Wedbush Securities analyst.

Ives was one of several on Wall Street to predict Musk would need to sell more shares to either close a gap in his financing of the $44 billion deal to buy the social-media company, or provide additional operating funds. In a telephone conversation Wednesday, he said the Twitter move is “a nightmare that just won’t end for Tesla investors.”

One reason it isn’t ending is that Musk’s need for cash in relation to Twitter is not done with the recent sales, portending more in the future. Musk said in a tweet late last week that Twitter had a “massive drop in revenue” due to activists pressuring advertisers to pull their ads, and he will have to continue paying the employees he did not lay off while servicing a debt load that analysts have estimated will cost him $1 billion a year, much more than Twitter has cleared in profit in the past two years. Twitter reported a net loss of $221 million in 2021, and a net loss of $1.13 billion for 2020.

Read more about Elon Musk potentially pumping Tesla stock ahead of a sale

“The first two weeks of ownership have been a ‘Friday the 13th‘ horror show,” Ives said, adding that the verification plan and mass layoffs of 50% of employees — and then trying to rehire some of the engineers, developers and cybersecurity experts — was “really stupid.” And, according to CNBC, Musk has also pulled more than 50 Tesla engineers, many from the Autopilot team, to work at Twitter.

“But it’s consistent with how this thing has been handled,” Ives said, adding that Musk is “way over his skis” with the Twitter acquisition.

Amid all the chaos of his first two weeks running Twitter, how much time has Musk had to run his other companies? Musk was already splitting his Tesla time with SpaceX, The Boring Company, Neuralink and many other endeavors, and now he has taken on the gargantuan task of turning a social-media company that has never been highly profitable, nor valuable, into something worth the $44 billion he paid.

The effort, Ives said, has “tarnished his brand,” which in turn has a big risk of hurting Tesla. Many investors have bought into the Tesla story because they believe Musk is a genius and they back his vision of electrifying the automotive industry. Twitter does not meld into that vision, except as a platform to spout his opinions, vitriol and promote more wacky concepts.

Since Musk began his quest to buy the company, he has endured more criticism than ever before, with even some fans starting to throw shade or question his decisions. Investor Gary Black, managing partner of the Future Fund LLC, for example, pointed out that Tesla’s top engineers should not be running Twitter, where the news was getting worse.

Tesla is not a company that can just run itself at this point. Musk has claimed he did not want to be chief executive but that there was no one else to take over the car company, which is why he has served as CEO for years. It’s not clear, though, how much effort he actually has made at trying to recruit someone. Now, as Tesla faces its usual multitude of issues, he is off spending his time trying to turn Twitter into a payments company, or maybe a subscription company, or maybe an “everything app,” or whatever he comes up with tomorrow.

“Musk needs to look in the mirror and end this constant merry-go-round of Twitter overhang on the Tesla story, with his focus back on the golden child Tesla, which needs his time more than ever given the soft macro, production/delivery issues in China, and EV competition increasing from all corners of the globe,” Ives wrote in a note Wednesday, in which he reiterated an outperform rating on Tesla stock.

For Twitter to reach anywhere close to the valuation Musk paid for it, it’s going to need a ton of attention from a focused leader, but how can Musk be that leader and give Tesla the attention it deserves? The answer is he cannot, and is very likely to give the attention that Tesla needs to Twitter instead after committing $44 billion (not all of it his) to that endeavor. Tesla investors will be left staring at the sea of red that this year has wrought, and wondering if its leader is about to sell more shares to fund his other effort.



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Elon Musk’s Twitter Funding Puts More of His Tesla Holdings at Risk

Tesla Inc.

Chief Executive

Elon Musk

has for years intertwined his personal business ventures with his stake in the auto maker. Using those holdings to help finance his $44 billion purchase of

Twitter Inc.

TWTR 0.97%

brings that connection to a deeper level.

A key part of the funding plan includes borrowing $12.5 billion from loans backed by more than $62.5 billion worth of Tesla shares that Mr. Musk owns—or about 40% of his stake at Wednesday’s closing price of $881.51. Tesla and several banks have put in place rules that would require him to put up more collateral if the company’s share prices fall.

The business tycoon has long built his personal financial house on a web of loans backed by his stakes in companies he backed.



Photo:

ryan lash/Agence France-Presse/Getty Images

Using Wednesday’s price, Mr. Musk would need to satisfy the banks with more collateral if Tesla shares were to fall 43% to around $504. In that case, the banks would require a rebalancing that would call for an additional $14 billion, or 28.5 million shares at that level. That’s on top of the 70.9 million shares needed at Wednesday’s price for the original collateral.

Similarly, Tesla has long capped the amount Mr. Musk is allowed to borrow against his shares at 25% of the total value of the pledged stock. This suggests that if the deal used Wednesday’s share price, he’d need to pony up more if those shares fell more than 20% to below $705 and Tesla enforces its policy. These arrangements mean that in certain scenarios, he could be pressured to sell Tesla shares.

Tesla didn’t respond to a request for comment.

Mr. Musk sold roughly $4 billion worth of Tesla stock in the two days after agreeing to buy Twitter, selling a total of more than 4.4 million shares on Tuesday and Wednesday at prices ranging from around $870 and $1,000 a share, according to regulatory filings made public late Thursday.

The overarching story of Tesla’s stock has been one of growth, rising more than 18,000% since going public in 2010. But, like Tuesday, when it fell 12% as investors digested, among other things, what Mr. Musk’s involvement in Twitter might mean for other parts of his empire, the stock has been highly volatile. The Tesla shares are down more 20% since April 4 after he balked at joining the Twitter board, setting him on a path to bidding for the company.

Tesla in 2021 became the world’s first auto maker valued at more than $1 trillion.



Photo:

Patrick Tehan/MediaNews Group/Bay Area News/Getty Images

Since 2010, positive and negative stock swings of 5% or more in a single day have totaled 318, according to FactSet data, including Tuesday when Tesla fell to $876.42 a share. In that same period,

Apple

has seen 57 similar days while

General Motors Co.

had 90.

At the end of 2021, Mr. Musk had 173 million Tesla shares, not counting his options. About half of his stake was already promised as collateral for personal loans, according to the most recent public record last year. Pledging doesn’t necessarily indicate that actual borrowing against those shares has occurred, the filing said. The most recent public filing in late 2020 said Mr. Musk personally owed a combined $515 million to

Morgan Stanley,

Goldman Sachs

and

Bank of America.

The business tycoon has long built his personal financial house on a complicated web of loans backed by his ownership stakes in the companies he backed, including his privately held rocket company, Space Exploration Technologies Corp.

Tesla has previously warned investors of the risk that a stock sale by Mr. Musk to cover loans could cause share prices to fall.

“If the price of our common stock were to decline substantially and Mr. Musk were unable to avoid a sale of the pledged shares (for example, by contributing additional collateral or reducing his leverage), Mr. Musk may be forced by one or more of the banking institutions to sell shares of our common stock,” the company wrote in a 2020 regulatory filing.

Along with competing for his attention, Tesla and SpaceX have over the years shared employees and resources—the Model S sedan prototype was developed under a tent inside SpaceX’s Hawthorne, Calif., headquarters.

In 2016, Mr. Musk led Tesla’s controversial acquisition of a struggling solar panel company called SolarCity Corp., where he was chairman and the largest individual shareholder. Opponents of the deal described it as a bailout for Mr. Musk, while he said it would fuel natural synergies. A Delaware judge ruled Wednesday that the deal was lawful.

Mr. Musk’s unusual finances are in part a legacy of the struggles Tesla and SpaceX faced during the Great Recession in 2008. He plowed what was left of his fortune from his involvement in

PayPal

into those ventures and was reluctant to sell his ownership stakes later as those businesses improved.

That history had left him a cash-poor billionaire for much of his career even while the Bloomberg Billionaires Index ranks him as the world’s richest man with a fortune of more than $250 billion.

To fund his life and investments, Mr. Musk has borrowed money against his shares in Tesla and SpaceX to avoid having to sell them, a common practice among some of the wealthiest Americans. Before Mr. Musk began selling billions of dollars of shares late last year to help cover taxes on his options that vested, the company reported in June that about half of the Tesla shares he held were being used as collateral for personal borrowing.

His finances have benefited by the fact that the valuations of Tesla and SpaceX have continued to grow, allowing him to borrow more with fewer shares down.

Elon Musk at a 2019 event at Tesla’s plant in Shanghai.



Photo:

Qilai Shen/Bloomberg News

But Tesla shares have fallen precipitously on occasion, often triggered by events or predictions tied to the company’s prospects for growth.

Shares fell 21% on Sept. 8, 2020, after Tesla failed to be included in the S&P 500 as expected. Later that autumn they rose 8.2% the day after it was announced that the company would be included in the benchmark gauge of U.S. equities.

In early 2019, a dark cloud descended over Tesla as shares fell 43% in May from the year’s start among concerns about the company’s outlook. Mr. Musk was struggling to export the Model 3 compact car to China and Europe and with efforts to lower the vehicle’s price in the U.S.

Once those challenges were addressed and Tesla opened its first China assembly plant, the stock would begin the run that took it to new heights as the world’s first auto maker valued at more than $1 trillion in 2021.

Twitter will become a private company if Elon Musk’s $44 billion takeover bid is approved. The move would allow Musk to make changes to the site. WSJ’s Dan Gallagher explains Musk’s proposed changes and the challenges he might face enacting them. Illustration: Jordan Kranse

During those times when Tesla shares have fallen dramatically, attention often focuses on the margin call price for Mr. Musk’s shares.

In May 2019, for example, some short sellers—those investors who benefit from a decline in share price—were pushing a theory on what the trigger price would be for a selloff as Mr. Musk moved to cover his position.

That didn’t happen, but his family has clearly felt that pressure before. In 2015, Tesla board member and Mr. Musk’s younger brother,

Kimbal Musk,

faced a possible margin call on shares of SolarCity which had fallen to half their value from the start of the year, according to court records. Under financial pressure, he sought a loan from his brother.

“You know that I don’t actually have any cash, right?” Mr. Musk responded, according to records released in litigation dealing with the acquisition. “I have to borrow.”

Write to Tim Higgins at Tim.Higgins@WSJ.com

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