Tag Archives: hypertension

Irene Cara’s cause of death revealed as hypertension and high cholesterol

Academy Award-winning Flashdance…What a Feeling singer Irene Cara died as a result of hypertension and high cholesterol, TMZ reports.

The acclaimed entertainer was found dead inside her Florida home on November 25, 2022, aged just 63 – with her passing confirmed by her publicist, Judith Moose. 

Irene’s official cause of death is Arteriosclerotic and Hypertensive Cardiovascular Disease, and it was noted the late star was diabetic in documents from the medical examiner in Pinellas County and obtained by TMZ.  

 ‘It is with profound sadness that on behalf of her family I announce the passing of Irene Cara,’ Moose said in a statement. ‘Her cause of death is currently unknown and will be released when the information is available.’ 

The post came just after a death hoax about Cara, who starred in Fame and sang its theme, with many fans fearing the latest announcement may be part of another lie. 

 Tragedy: Academy Award-winning Flashdance…What a Feeling singer Irene Cara died as a result of hypertension and high cholesterol, TMZ reports (pictured 2007)

‘Sorry if this is true but I’m afraid after the hoax it’s difficult to believe,’ Twitter user Rachael L wrote in response to Moose. ‘On Friday (November 25) the actress’ reps officially confirmed that Irene Cara is not dead. 

‘She joins the long list of celebrities who have been victimized by this hoax,’ the previous announcement said. 

Moose, however, confirmed that Saturday’s announcement was real, adding that ‘We’re all in shock.’  

Born in the Bronx as Irene Escalera, Cara had humble roots – her mom Louise was a cashier, while her father Gaspar was a steel worker and musician.

Cara inherited her father’s talent, becoming a trained singer, actor and dancer who made many on stage and television appearances as a child, including on PBS and Johnny Carson’s The Tonight Show.

The performer then rocketed to fame in 1980 playing Coco Hernandez in the hit musical Fame. 

She received two Grammy nominations for the musical and won Best New Artist and Best Female Pop Vocal Artist. 

Cara went on to win a Grammy and an Oscar in 1984 with the title track to Flashdance, which starred Jennifer Beals. 

Cara was beloved for her 1980 role as Coco Hernandez in the hit musical film Fame (pictured)

Many fans were in shock and did not immediately believe the news of Cara’s passing following the hoax

Pictured: Cara (far left) posing beside her fellow Fame actors in 1980. Her rendition of the theme song remains one of the most memorable tunes from a decade packed with classics  

 Pictured: Cara holding her Grammy for Best Pop Vocal Performance by a female singer. She released some of the early 80s’ most-memorable hits 

She fell out of the spotlight after suing her former record company during the 1990s over her earnings. That saw Cara awarded $1.5 million by a California jury in 1993. But she was shunned by the music industry as a result, and her career suffered.  

When confirming Cara’s death, Moose wrote: ‘She was a beautifully gifted soul whose legacy will live forever through her music and films.’ 

The publicist also expressed sympathy for the performer’s fans over the recent death hoax. 

‘None of us were ever contacted regarding the hoax on a Facebook page. I completely understand it being difficult to believe. We’re all in shock.  

The youngest of five children, Cara made her debut on stage at the young age of three, earning a spot as a finalist for the Little Miss America Pageant in 1962. 

The daughter of a Puerto Rican and Cuban-American, Cara did a stint of appearances on Spanish-language TV shows before becoming a regular on PBS’s educational program, The Electric Company.  

Along with her television work, Cara performed on a slew of off-Broadway productions, and her first big role came as the titular Sparkle Williams in the 1976 musical drama film, Sparkle.

Prior to Fame, Cara also had a starring role in the 1979 sequel to the classic Roots TV miniseries.  

Although her stardom peaked in the 1980s, Cara continued to perform throughout the decades, appearing in films such as D.C. Cab, City Heat and Downtown, A Street Tale.   

Following confirmation of Cara’s death, fans of the iconic singer flooded social media to share their grief. 

Twitter user Jimmy Pavolic said he’s loved Cara’s singing since watching Fame as a child. 

‘So sad to hear the passing of Irene Cara, this song ever since I heard it as a 12-year-old has stuck with me, my sincerest condolences to his family, friends & fans. R.I.P Irene Cara.’ 

Journalist and Disney alumnus Steven McCoy wrote: ‘I first met Ms. Irene Cara many years ago, she was truly a beautiful, kind and spiritual woman. She even sent me a gift package to my home and still hold dear to my heart. You will be truly missed.’ 

Another Twitter user with the handle Cromwell described Cara as the soundtrack of the 1980s.  

‘This is very sad. Irene was writer, voice and performer of many of the greatest songs and film tracks of the 80’s. There’s a special place in my heart for #OutHereOnMyOwn from #Fame. Sleep well, lovely lady.’ 

Cara was beloved for her performance singing the titular track Fame. She is pictured alongside Lee Curreri, who played Bruno

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3 Main Causes of Hypertension, 3 Ways to Lower Blood Pressure Without Taking Medicine

Hypertension is sometimes called a “silent killer,” and is feared by many. According to the 2017 American Heart Association guidelines, when blood pressure is measured during a tranquil, unagitated state and reads high more than three times within two consecutive weeks, one is considered to be suffering from high blood pressure (hypertension).

Once diagnosed, simply lowering the blood pressure is not the only goal. What is equally important is to find the cause of it. When the cause is resolved, the “silent killer” will instead become your “assistant” to alert you to the state of your health.

There are several causes of high blood pressure. Anger, nervousness, fear, stiff shoulders, and chilly weather are all contributing factors.

1. Ways to Resolve Hypertension Due to an Angry or Tense Environment

Some people are more easily agitated than others—even in watching TV their emotions may elevate, causing outward expressions of anger such as becoming red-faced, with a bulging neck, and having a high temper. This phenomenon arises as the sympathetic nerves become hyperactive, causing the peripheral blood vessels to contract. In this state, blood fails to send oxygen directly to all parts of the body, resulting in high blood pressure.

Once I had a patient in her 50s, who was slightly obese, and whose blood pressure readings were consistently around 200. After trying six different Western medicine types of blood pressure-lowering drugs with no effect, she came to me for treatment. After treatments, her blood pressure dropped to 140 or 150. She was so happy she told people everywhere, “Dr. Hu cured my blood pressure problem.”

I told her at the time, “Your high blood pressure was not cured by me, but by yourself.” How? “The medicine I prescribed to you is a medicine for soothing emotions. So you are also adjusting your emotions, and you become happier every day. Once you achieve the ‘don’t get angry, feel good’ state, high blood pressure will go away by itself.”

2 Teas to Soothe Emotions and Lower Blood Pressure

The following two teas can help soothe your emotions, achieving a calm and happy mood.

Chrysanthemum tea

Put 10 pieces of chrysanthemum into a mug and brew with hot water. Whether it is the yellow, white, or wild chrysanthemums, they are all fine. Drink the tea once the chrysanthemums are fully soaked, expanded, and exude a fragrance. To make the drink more appealing and elevate the desire to drink more, add a little licorice or wolfberry.

Licorice jujube decoction

This was one of the remedies for the patient mentioned above.

In a pot of1500cc (about 3.2 pints) of water, boil four maces (about 0.52 oz) of licorice, 1 tael (about 1.33 oz) of wheat, and 12 red dates and reduce until 1000cc (about 2.1 pints) remains. Drink daily as a tea.

Note: It is best to choose “floating wheat,” that is, wheat that has been stored for a longer time.

Chrysanthemum tea with goji berries. (Hu Naiwen/The Epoch Times)

Exercise Daily to Raise the Happiness Index

Exercise will soften the blood vessels, and once the peripheral blood vessels expand, blood can efficiently pass through, flushing the cholesterol in the blood vessels at the same time. Once blood flow in the large blood vessels becomes normal, blood pressure will drop. Moreover, during exercise, the brain produces hormones called endorphins—so-called “happy hormones,” which make people feel happier and naturally lowers blood pressure.

How do people fully occupied at home and work find time to exercise? The benefits of exercising every day can be accumulated. For example, while riding the bus on the way to work, get off one stop early and walk the rest of the distance. Or when going to lunch, spend five or six minutes walking up and down some stairs. When the workday is over and after dinner, take a walk. In this way, at the end of the day, you’ve accumulated about 30 minutes of exercise—and the more ways you can find the better.

You can also “ground” negative energy in the body by wearing soft, cloth shoes, just socks, or going barefoot and walking on grass or soil. In this way, in addition to getting some exercise, the blood supply in the brain is also increased. With sufficient oxygen, blood pressure will naturally drop.

2. Tap 3 Acupoints to Ease Hypertension With Stiff Neck

Having a stiff neck and shoulders is another condition that can add to hypertension.

For example, many office workers spend their days in front of a computer screen in a “turtle-neck” posture and have to sit still for many hours on end. When they get home, they lie again on the sofa—not moving—or bend their heads to their phones, contributing even more to their stiff necks and shoulders, which in turn can lead to high blood pressure.

I have another patient who would go to a hospital for examinations, and each time his blood pressure was measured at nearly 200. He always felt uncomfortable after taking all the blood pressure-lowering drugs prescribed by the doctor, whether they were cholesterol-lowering or blood vessel dilating. Later, I helped him stretch his carotid artery, and his high blood pressure problem disappeared.

There is an acupoint for neck and shoulder stiffness, the Chize (LU 5) acupoint. Gently press the Chize point on the left and right hands every day for 3 to 5 minutes, and shake and move the neck while pressing. In this way, the blood circulation in the neck will improve, and the blood in the carotid artery will flow to the brain. When the blood supply is sufficient, the blood pressure will naturally drop.

In addition to Chize, two other points can enhance blood circulation. One is Zusanli (ST 36)and the other is Sanyinjiao (SP 6).

In addition, people who cannot accurately press the acupuncture points can also use the method of tapping. By hitting the upper part of the acupoint, and tapping the lower part too, they can sometimes hit the exact acupoint location, and the effect is also very good.

Note: Pregnant women should avoid massaging or tapping the Sanyinjiao point.

Chize point location. ( The Epoch Times)
Zusanli (L) and Sanyinjiao(R) acupoints location. (The Epoch Times)

3. Cold Type Hypertension–Keep the Body Warm

Chilly weather can also cause blood pressure to rise.

During cold seasons, to preserve the heat in the body, the blood vessels around the body will shrink, that is, they become thinner, and shrink in size. This reduces the blood flow around the body, and much of the blood stays inside the large blood vessels, causing the blood pressure to remain high.

What to do? Wear warm layers of clothing and drink warm beverages. This will aid the narrowed blood vessels in return to their normal width, blood will then be evenly sent to all other blood vessels, and blood pressure will drop without the use of antihypertensive drugs.

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Hypertension Drug Shown to Extend Lifespan And Slow Aging in Animals : ScienceAlert

The hypertension drug rilmenidine has been shown to slow down aging in worms, an effect that in humans could hypothetically help us live longer and keep us healthier in our latter years.

Rilmenidine was picked for this latest study because past research has shown it mimics the effects of caloric restriction on a cellular level. Reducing available energy while maintaining nutrition within the body has been shown to extend lifespans in several animal models.

Whether this translates to human biology, or is a potential risk to our health, is a topic of ongoing debate. Finding ways to achieve the same benefits without the costs of extreme calorie cutting could lead to new ways to improve health in old age.

In a series of tests conducted by an international team of researchers, young and old Caenorhabditis elegans worms treated with the drug – which is normally used to treat high blood pressure – lived longer and presented higher measures in a variety of health markers in the same way as restricting calories, as the scientists had hoped.

“For the first time, we have been able to show in animals that rilmenidine can increase lifespan,” says molecular biogerontologist João Pedro Magalhães, from the University of Birmingham in the UK. “We are now keen to explore if rilmenidine may have other clinical applications.”

The C. elegans worm is a favorite for studies, because many of its genes have similarities to counterparts in our genome. Yet in spite of these similarities, it is still a rather distant relation to humans.

Further tests showed that gene activity associated with caloric restriction could be seen in the kidney and liver tissues of mice treated with rilmenidine. In other words, some of the changes that caloric restriction gives in animals and thought to confer certain health benefits also appear with a hypertension drug that many people already take.

Another discovery was that a biological signaling receptor called nish-1 was crucial in the effectiveness of rilmenidine. This particular chemical structure could be targeted in future attempts to improve lifespan and slow down aging.

“We found that the lifespan-extending effects of rilmenidine were abolished when nish-1 was deleted,” write the researchers in their published paper. “Critically, rescuing the nish-1 receptor reinstated the increase in lifespan upon treatment with rilmenidine.”

Low-calorie diets are hard to follow and come with a variety of side effects, such as hair thinning, dizziness, and brittle bones. It’s early days still, but the thinking is that this hypertension drug could confer the same benefits as a low-calorie diet while being easier on the body.

What makes rilmenidine a promising candidate as an anti-aging drug is that it can be taken orally, it’s already widely prescribed, and its side effects are rare and relatively mild (they include palpitations, insomnia and drowsiness in a few cases).

There’s a long way to go yet in figuring out if rilmenidine would work as an anti-aging drug for actual humans, but the early signs in these worm and mice tests are promising. We now know much more about what rilmenidine can do, and how it operates.

“With a global aging population, the benefits of delaying aging, even if slightly, are immense,” says Magalhães.

The research has been published in Aging Cell.

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Hypertension Drug Could Be Repurposed to Delay Aging

Summary: Rilmenidine, a drug commonly prescribed to help treat hypertension can help slow the effects of aging and extend lifespan, a new study reports.

Source: University of Liverpool

Researchers have found that the drug rilmenidine can extend lifespan and slow aging.

Published in Aging Cell, the findings show that animals treated with rilmenidine, currently used to treat hypertension, at young and older ages increases lifespan and improves health markers, mimicking the effects of caloric restriction.

They also demonstrate that the healthspan and lifespan benefits of rilmenidine treatment in the roundworm C. elegans are mediated by the I1-imidazoline receptor nish-1, identifying this receptor as a potential longevity target.

Unlike other drugs previously studied for this purpose by the researchers, the widely-prescribed, oral antihypertensive rilmenidine has potential for future translatability to humans as side-effects are rare and non-severe.

To date, a caloric restriction diet has been considered the most robust anti-aging intervention, promoting longevity across species. However, studies of caloric restriction in humans have had mixed results and side effects, meaning finding medications like rilmenidine that can mimic the benefits of caloric restriction is the most reasonable anti-aging strategy.

Unlike other drugs previously studied for this purpose by the researchers, the widely-prescribed, oral antihypertensive rilmenidine has potential for future translatability to humans as side-effects are rare and non-severe. Image is in the public domain

Professor João Pedro Magalhães, who led the research whilst at the University of Liverpool and is now based at the University of Birmingham, said: “With a global aging population, the benefits of delaying aging, even if slightly, are immense. Repurposing drugs capable of extending lifespan and healthspan has a huge untapped potential in translational geroscience.

“For the first time, we have been able to show in animals that rilmenidine can increase lifespan. We are now keen to explore if rilmenidine may have other clinical applications.”

Funding: This study was undertaken by researchers from the University of Liverpool, ETH Zürich and Harvard Medical School, and funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation, LongeCity and the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council.

About this pharmacology and aging research news

Author: Jennifer Morgan
Source: University of Liverpool
Contact: Jennifer Morgan – University of Liverpool
Image: The image is in the public domain

Original Research: Open access.
“Rilmenidine extends lifespan and healthspan in C. elegans via a nischarin I1- imidazoline receptor” by João Pedro Magalhães et al. Aging Cell


Abstract

Rilmenidine extends lifespan and healthspan in C. elegans via a nischarin I1- imidazoline receptor

See also

Repurposing drugs capable of extending lifespan and health span has a huge untapped potential in translational geroscience.

Here, we searched for known compounds that elicit a similar gene expression signature to caloric restriction and identified rilmenidine, an I1-imidazoline receptor agonist and prescription medication for the treatment of hypertension.

We then show that treating Caenorhabditis elegans with rilmenidine at young and older ages increases lifespan. We also demonstrate that the stress-resilience, health span, and lifespan benefits of rilmenidine treatment in C. elegans are mediated by the I1-imidazoline receptor nish-1, implicating this receptor as a potential longevity target.

Consistent with the shared caloric-restriction-mimicking gene signature, supplementing rilmenidine to calorically restricted C. elegans, genetic reduction of TORC1 function, or rapamycin treatment did not further increase lifespan. The rilmenidine-induced longevity required the transcription factors FOXO/DAF-16 and NRF1,2,3/SKN-1. F

urthermore, we find that autophagy, but not AMPK signaling, was needed for rilmenidine-induced longevity. Moreover, transcriptional changes similar to caloric restriction were observed in liver and kidney tissues in mice treated with rilmenidine.

Together, these results reveal a geroprotective and potential caloric restriction mimetic effect by rilmenidine that warrant fresh lines of inquiry into this compound.

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A Bizarre Case of Hypertension Immunity

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High blood pressure nearly always causes the heart to become weaker.

Surprisingly, certain patients with the mutated PDE3A gene were immune to hypertension-related damage.

Scientists in Berlin have been studying a strange hereditary condition that causes half the people in certain families to have shockingly short fingers and abnormally high blood pressure for decades. If untreated, affected individuals often die of a stroke at the age of 50. Researchers at the Max Delbrück Center (MDC) in Berlin discovered the origin of the condition in 2015 and were able to verify it five years later using animal models: a mutation in the phosphodiesterase 3A gene (PDE3A) causes its encoded enzyme to become overactive, altering bone growth and causing blood vessel hyperplasia, resulting in high blood pressure.

Immune to hypertension-related damage

“High blood pressure almost always leads to the heart becoming weaker,” says Dr. Enno Klußmann, head of the Anchored Signaling Lab at the Max Delbrück Center and a scientist at the German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK). As it has to pump against a higher pressure, Klußmann explains, the organ tries to strengthen its left ventricle. “But ultimately, this results in the thickening of the heart muscle – known as cardiac hypertrophy – which can lead to heart failure greatly decreasing its pumping capacity.”

Short fingers in one family. Credit: Sylvia Bähring

However, this doesn’t happen in hypertension patients with short fingers and mutant PDE3A genes. “For reasons that are now partly – but not yet fully – understood, their hearts appear immune to the damage that usually results from high blood pressure,” says Klußmann.

The research was conducted by scientists from the Max Delbrück Center, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, and the DZHK and has been published in the journal Circulation. In addition to Klußmann, final authors included Max Delbrück Center professors Norbert Hübner and Michael Bader, as well as Dr. Sylvia Bähring from the Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a joint institution of Charité and the Max Delbrück Center.

The team, which included 43 other researchers from Berlin, Bochum, Heidelberg, Kassel, Limburg, Lübeck, Canada, and New Zealand, has recently published their findings on the protective effects of the gene mutation – and why these discoveries might transform the way heart failure is treated in the future. The study has four first authors, three of which are Max Delbrück Center researchers and one at the ECRC.

Cross-section through a normal heart (left), through one of the mutant hearts (center), and through a severely hypertrophic heart (right). In the latter, the left ventricle is enlarged. Credit: Anastasiia Sholokh, MDC

Two mutations with the same effect

The scientists performed their tests on human patients with hypertension and brachydactyly (HTNB) syndrome – i.e., high blood pressure and abnormally short digits – as well as on rat models and heart muscle cells. The cells were grown from specially engineered stem cells known as induced pluripotent stem cells. Before testing began, researchers altered the PDE3A gene in the cells and the animals to mimic HTNB mutations.

“We came across a previously unknown PDE3A gene mutation in the patients we examined,” reports Bähring. “Previous studies had always shown the mutation in the enzyme to be located outside the catalytic domain – but we have now found a mutation right in the center of this domain.” Surprisingly, both mutations have the same effect in that they make the enzyme more active than usual. This hyperactivity ramps up the degradation of one of the cell’s important signaling molecules known as cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate), which is involved in the contraction of the heart muscle cells. “It is possible that this gene modification – regardless of its location – causes two or more PDE3A molecules to cluster together and thus work more effectively,” Bähring suspects.

The proteins stay the same

The researchers used a rat model – created with CRISPR-Cas9 technology by Michael Bader’s lab at the Max Delbrück Center – to try to better understand the effects of the mutations. “We treated the animals with the agent isoproterenol, a so-called beta-receptor agonist,” says Klußmann. Such medications are sometimes used in patients with end-stage heart failure. Isoproterenol is known to induce cardiac hypertrophy. “Yet surprisingly, this occurred in the gene-modified rats in a manner similar to what we observed in the wild-type animals. Contrary to what we expected, the existing hypertension did not aggravate the situation,” reports Klußmann. “Their hearts were quite obviously protected from this effect of the isoproterenol.”

In further experiments, the team investigated whether proteins in a specific signaling cascade of the heart muscle cells changed as a result of the mutation and if so which ones. Through this chain of chemical reactions, the heart responds to adrenaline and beats faster in response to situations such as excitement. Adrenaline activates the cells’ beta receptors, causing them to produce more cAMP. PDE3A and other PDEs stop the process by chemically altering cAMP. “However, we found little difference between mutant and wild-type rats at both the protein and the

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Lower your blood pressure to this number to reduce risk of severe Covid, study finds

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CNN
 — 

High blood pressure is a known risk factor for a bout of Covid-19 severe enough to raise the specter of hospitalization and death. In fact, research has shown having high blood pressure doubles the risk of having a severe case of Covid, even if you are fully vaccinated and boosted.

Blood pressure is measured in units of millimeters of mercury (abbreviated as mmHg), which consists of two numbers — an upper or systolic reading that represents the maximum amount of pressure in your arteries, and the lower or diastolic reading that shows the pressure in your arteries when your heart muscle is at rest between beats.

But what is considered a high enough blood pressure reading to trigger that risk? To date, scientists haven’t been sure. Now, a new study out of England published Wednesday in the journal PLOS One has answered that question.

“We found that in those with diagnosed hypertension, the risk of Covid-19 significantly increased once the high number exceeded 150 mmHg or the low number exceeded 90 mmHg compared to a target blood pressure (120-129/80-89 mmHg),” said lead author Holly Pavey, a doctoral student at the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom who is funded by the British Heart Foundation, via email.

The research found people with this level of uncontrolled high blood pressure are more likely to be admitted to the hospital and die from a Covid infection, regardless of other known risk factors such as age, ethnicity or obesity.

The new study was able to drill down and be more specific because of the inherent integration in the UK National Health Service. That level of data sharing allows access to “really granular data on long-term blood pressure control for their patients,” said Dr. Joseph Ebinger, an assistant professor of cardiology and director of clinical analytics of the Smidt Heart Institute at the Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles.

“They found it’s not just the diagnosis of high blood pressure — yes or no — but that the risk goes up as your systolic blood pressure goes up, which is really a measure of lack of control,” said Ebinger, who was not involved in the study.

Unfortunately, many people fail to properly control their blood pressure, even after they have been diagnosed and are on medication, Ebinger added.

“It’s estimated that less than half of individuals with a diagnosis of high blood pressure actually have control over their hypertension, so this is a big problem,” he said. “That’s due to a myriad of factors: underdiagnosis, lack of awareness, medication nonadherence and undertreatment.”

On the positive side, successfully reducing blood pressure through medication was linked with a corresponding reduction in risk for severe Covid, the new study found.

“It is really important for individuals to have regular blood pressure checks and for doctors to try and get their patients’ blood pressure controlled,” Pavey said.

“Controlling the blood pressure to target levels is important, irrespective of the type of treatment used to achieve it,” she said. “Ultimately blood pressure control will help to reduce the risk of suffering severely from new strains of Covid-19 or other viruses in the future.”

Blood pressure readings can be confusing — there are a lot of numbers tossed around, and medical professionals haven’t exactly made it easy for people to follow along.

“Normal” blood pressure readings are typically 120 mmHg systolic (upper reading) over 80 mmHg dystolic (lower reading), according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

That’s likely the number you’ll hear mentioned most often. However, that may not be the number your doctor uses to treat you, Ebinger said.

Doctors used to target a blood pressure reading of less than 140/90 to control risk for cardiovascular disease and death, he explained. Then, in 2015, results of SPRINT, or the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial, were published in The New England Journal of Medicine — findings that changed the thinking of many medical professionals.

The SPRINT research found targeting a blood pressure below 120 systolic (the top number) in people with hypertension — but no diabetes — prevented the most cases of heart disease and death. There were some side effects, however, including a “higher rate of acute kidney injury or acute renal failure in the intensive-treatment group,” according to the trial.

That possibility was concerning when it came to the elderly, who often have multiple chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, kidney concerns and more, Ebinger said.

“So in 2017, the American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association guidelines shot the gap and set the guideline of a systolic reading less than 130 and a diastolic of less than 80,” Ebinger said. “And this is where some of the debate starts to come in between different types of doctors. I’m a cardiologist, and we believe lower is better. We want to push that number down as much as we can.

“Some primary care doctors and geriatricians might say, ‘You know what, that may not be the best thing for some of my patients,’ and they’re going to treat to a higher number,” he said. “So this is where clinical practice and some of the guidelines don’t always add up.”

Here are current medical guidelines, according to the US Food and Drug Administration:

  • A typical normal blood pressure is 120/80 or lower.
  • Readings between 120/80 and 129/89 are considered pre-hypertension, meaning it’s not as low as it should be but is not yet considered high blood pressure medically.
  • Blood pressure is a stage 1 red flag high if it reads 130/80.
  • Blood pressure of 140/90 or higher is considered stage 2 hypertension.

If your blood pressure reads 180/110 or higher more than once, seek out medical treatment immediately. A reading at this high level is a “hypertensive crisis,” the FDA said.

Bottom line? Take your blood pressure often (here’s how to do it right) and check in with your doctor on a regular basis.

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High blood pressure went up even more early in the pandemic, study finds



CNN
 — 

People in the US with high blood pressure saw their levels rise during the first eight months of the Covid-19 pandemic, a new study says.

When someone has high blood pressure, the force of their blood pushes against the walls of their blood vessels, making their heart less efficient. Both vessels and heart must work harder. Without treatment, high blood pressure will eventually damage the arteries, raising the person’s risk of a heart attack or stroke.

Heart disease is the No. 1 killer in the world, and well-controlled blood pressure is the leading modifiable risk factor, according to the researchers on the new study, published Tuesday in the journal Hypertension.

The US National Institutes of Health, which helped fund the study, said it is one of the most extensive looks at blood pressure trends from the beginning of the pandemic.

The researchers looked at the records of more than 137,000 adults with high blood pressure and compared their levels from August 2018 to January 2020 with their levels from April 2020 through January 2021. The records came from Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, Columbia University Irving Medical Center in New York City and Ochsner Health in New Orleans. The participants, on average, were 66 years old. More than half were women, and 30% were Black.

Blood pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury (abbreviated as mmHg). The measurement has an upper number, or systolic reading, and a lower number, a diastolic reading.

Systolic pressure measures the force of blood as it pumps out of the heart into the arteries, and diastolic is the pressure created as the heart rests between beats. High blood pressure is defined as a systolic pressure over 140mmHg and a diastolic blood pressure over 90 mmHg.

In the study, the patients’ systolic readings rose 1.79 mmHg, on average, and their diastolic readings went up an average of 1.30 mmHg.

“Although these increases appear small, studies show that just a 2 mmHg increase in blood pressure can raise the risk of major cardiovascular events by as much as 5%,” the NIH said in a news release.

The overall rise in numbers was “smaller than expected,” said study author Dr. Hiroshi Gotanda, an assistant professor in the division of General Internal Medicine at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center.

Gotanda thinks the expansion of telemedicine during the pandemic may have helped. Other studies have found that telemedicine is an effective alternative to an in-person doctor visit to manage high blood pressure.

Because high blood pressure doesn’t always cause symptoms, people who have it are encouraged to monitor their numbers at home. If they have a doctor’s appointment, they may be more mindful about keeping track so they have something to report. And during an appointment, doctors can change their prescription if their blood pressure is consistently high.

In the first three months of the pandemic, the study found, people weren’t checking their blood pressure at home as much as they had been. Measurements declined as much as 90% from before the pandemic. The number of checks went up over time, but even at the end of the study period, the measurements were still below pre-pandemic levels.

The study had some limitations, including that it measured only people who were able to access health care. Those without health care or insurance may have had a different result.

“The impact of the pandemic on their blood pressure might have been much larger,” Gotanda said.

The study doesn’t suggest why blood pressure levels went up, and it’s hard to tell on an individual basis, Gotanda said. But it may involve pandemic-related changes in routines.

Dr. Eduardo Sanchez, the American Heart Association’s chief medical officer for prevention, offered some other reasons: “Clinical care visits declined dramatically in the early months of the pandemic – delayed care seeking by patients and reduced access by some clinical care providers. Patient behavior was driven by their interpretation of COVID prevention messages and fear of COVID. Early on, job loss may have contributed to less care and not filling prescriptions. Visits have been increasing and blood pressure control is increasing but lagging.”

Additionally, studies show that people have gotten less sleep – and less quality sleep – during the pandemic. With gyms closed and people staying home more, they exercised less, had less-healthy diets and drank more alcohol.

Gotanda said the researchers hope to look next at what impact even this slight blood pressure increase will have on a patient’s overall heath. They also want to know which of the patients may have had a hard time accessing telemedicine.

Telemedicine could have a broad impact. Nearly half of adults in the United States have high blood pressure, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and about half of those have what doctors consider uncontrolled high blood pressure. That’s about 37 million adults – and with the ongoing obesity epidemic, the number will probably grow.

High blood pressure can be genetic, but there are things you can do to keep it in check. Keeping a close eye on your numbers is the first step, the American Heart Association recommends. People who know their numbers can make changes if they need.

Medication can treat high blood pressure, and lifestyle changes could help, like stopping smoking or vaping, managing stress, keeping a healthy weight and eating a heart-healthy diet.

A heart-healthy diet is high in vegetables, whole grains and low-fat dairy, and low in salt, saturated fat, red meat and sweets. It’s also one that keeps alcohol to a minimum. The American Heart Association suggests no more than two drinks per day for men, one for women.

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Taking blood pressure meds may reduce risk of dementia



CNN
 — 

Knowing you have higher than normal blood pressure — and taking medications daily to treat it — may be one key to avoiding dementia in later life, a new study found.

Scientists already know that having high blood pressure, particularly between ages 40 and 65, increases the risk of developing dementia in later life, said study coauthor Ruth Peters, an associate professor at the University of New South Wales in Australia, via email.

But she added that research has been less clear on whether lowering blood pressure in older adults would reduce that risk.

“What is so exciting about our study is that the data shows that those people who were taking the blood pressure lowering medication had a lower risk of a dementia diagnosis than those taking a matching placebo,” said Peters, who is also a senior research scientist at Neuroscience Research Australia, a nonprofit research organization.

Blood pressure is measured in units of millimeters of mercury (abbreviated as mmHg), which consists of two numbers: an upper or systolic reading that represents the maximum amount of pressure in your arteries, and the lower or diastolic reading that shows the pressure in your arteries when your heart muscle is at rest between beats.

The study, published this week in the European Heart Journal, combined data from five large randomized, double-blinded clinical trials of more than 28,000 older adults with an average age of 69 from 20 countries. All had a history of hypertension.

Each of the clinical trials compared people taking blood pressure medications with people taking a matching placebo pill and followed them for an average of 4.3 years. Pooling the data, Peters and her team found that a drop of about 10 mm/Hg on the systolic and 4 mm/Hg on the diastolic blood pressure readings at 12 months significantly lowered the risk of a dementia diagnosis.

In addition, there was a broad linear relationship: As blood pressure dropped, so did cognitive risk, which held true until at least 100 mm/Hg systolic and 70 mm/Hg diastolic, the study said. There was also no sign that blood pressure medications may harm blood flow into the brain at later ages.

When sex, age or history of stroke were taken into account, there was no difference in the outcome.

“We know that what we do throughout life is likely to have an impact on brain health in late life,” Peters said. “So the best advice we can give is to lead a healthy lifestyle at all ages, and of course, if you are prescribed medication to control your blood pressure to take it according to the instructions from your doctor.”

Lifestyle changes can add to or in some cases replace the need for hypertension medications, according to the American Heart Association. Suggested actions include limiting alcohol, managing stress, stopping smoking, eating a well-balanced and low-salt diet, getting plenty of exercise and sleep, and taking blood pressure medications as directed.

Research shows such changes can work. A 2021 study found that diet, exercise and a lower salt intake also reduced blood pressure in people with resistant hypertension, which is high blood pressure that doesn’t respond to medications.

In one 16-week study published in 2018, people who went on a low-salt diet, exercised and practiced weight management techniques (such as watching portion sizes) lowered their blood pressure by an average 16 mmHg systolic and 10 mmHg diastolic, the American Heart Association said.

The diet used was the DASH diet, which stands for Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension. An award-winning eating plan, DASH has a simple premise: Eat more veggies, fruits and low-fat dairy foods; limit foods high in saturated fat; and limit your intake of sodium to 2,300 milligrams a day — that’s about 1 teaspoon of table salt.

The DASH meal plan includes four to six servings of vegetables and another four to six servings of fruit; three servings of whole-grain products; two to four servings of fat-free or low-fat dairy products; and several servings each of lean meats and nuts, seeds and legumes each day.

However, if lifestyle changes don’t significantly lower blood pressure within six months, the American Heart Association recommends adding hypertension prescription medications while continuing the healthy behaviors.

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Half of older Americans with hypertension don’t check their BP regularly

Less than half — 48 percent — of older Americans who have high blood pressure (hypertension) or a health issue related to their blood pressure check their blood pressure regularly, according to research published in the journal JAMA Network Open.

That was found to be the case even though most of them (62 percent) said they had been encouraged by their physician to do home monitoring. High blood pressure can lead to serious health problems, but it usually has no symptoms, amping up the importance of testing.

The findings stem from data from a nationally representative sample of 2,023 people ages 50 to 80, part of the University of Michigan’s ongoing National Poll on Healthy Aging. Some participants had high blood pressure only, while others had such health issues as diabetes, heart disease, heart failure or kidney disease.

Over 1.2 billion people around the world suffer from hypertension

High blood pressure can lead to those conditions and others, such as vision loss, memory problems, dementia, stroke and even death, but the researchers noted that home monitoring has been linked to better and lower blood pressure readings.

A blood pressure test measures the force that the heart uses to pump blood throughout the body. Test results are expressed in two numbers, with the first representing the amount of pressure that the flow of blood puts on artery walls as the heart beats (called systolic blood pressure) and the second number representing the pressure on artery walls while the heart rests between beats (diastolic pressure).

The American Heart Association considers a reading of 120/80 to be normal blood pressure and consistent readings of 130/80 or higher to indicate high blood pressure. About 70 percent of U.S. adults 65 and older have high blood pressure, but many do not know they have it, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

This article is part of The Post’s “Big Number” series, which takes a brief look at the statistical aspect of health issues. Additional information and relevant research are available through the hyperlinks.

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Frozen embryos tied to higher risk of high blood pressure-related pregnancy complications, study suggests



CNN
 — 

Pregnancies from in vitro fertilization using frozen embryos appear to be linked to an increased risk of complications related to high blood pressure, or hypertensive disorders, compared with when fresh embryos are used or when a pregnancy is conceived naturally.

That’s according to a study published Monday in the American Heart Association journal Hypertension, which included data on more than 4.5 million pregnancies, spanning almost three decades, across three European nations: Denmark, Norway and Sweden.

The risk of pregnancy complications related to high blood pressure was higher after the transfer of frozen embryos compared with naturally conceived pregnancies, and the risk following fresh embryo transfers was similar to that of naturally conceived pregnancies, the data shows.

More research is needed to determine whether similar findings would emerge in the United States.

The researchers – from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology and other institutions in Europe – analyzed medical birth registries from Denmark that were dated between 1994 and 2014, from Norway dated 1984 to 2015, and from Sweden dated 1985 to 2015. The registries included about 4.4 million pregnancies naturally conceived, 78,300 pregnancies that used fresh embryo transfer and 18,037 pregnancies from frozen embryo transfer.

The researchers compared odds of hypertensive disorders during pregnancy across the groups and found that the unadjusted risk of such disorders was 7.4% after frozen embryo transfer, 5.9% after fresh embryo transfer and 4.3% after natural conception. The data also showed that pregnancies from frozen and fresh embryo transfer were more frequently preterm – 6.6% of the frozen and 8.1% of the fresh, respectively – compared with naturally conceived pregnancies, at 5%.

“Frozen embryo transfers are now increasingly common all over the world, and in the last few years, some doctors have begun skipping fresh embryo transfer to routinely freeze all embryos in their clinical practice, the so-called ‘freeze-all’ approach,” lead study author Dr. Sindre H. Petersen, a Ph.D. fellow at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology in Trondheim, Norway, said in a news release Monday.

“In summary, although most IVF pregnancies are healthy and uncomplicated,” he said, “this analysis found that the risk of high blood pressure in pregnancy was substantially higher after frozen embryo transfer compared to pregnancies from fresh embryo transfer or natural conception.”

Petersen added, “Our results highlight that careful consideration of all benefits and potential risks is needed before freezing all embryos as a routine in clinical practice.”

The findings are “in agreement with earlier population-level studies” showing a higher risk of hypertensive disorders during pregnancy after frozen embryo transfer, the researchers wrote in their study.

Last year, a large study out of France presented at the online annual meeting of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology also found a higher risk of pre-eclampsia and hypertension in pregnancies derived from frozen-thawed embryos – and the risk was found to be greater when the uterus was prepared for implantation with hormone replacement therapies.

“The association between frozen embryo cycles and hypertensive disease in pregnancy has been known for a while, and there is still currently an active debate around the pros and cons of ‘Freeze all for all?’ amongst fertility doctors,” Dr. Ying Cheong, professor of reproductive medicine at the University of Southampton, said in a statement distributed by the UK-based Science Media Centre in July. She was not involved in either study.

“There are two important points to take home here, firstly, whilst frozen embryo transfer technology has transformed reproductive medicine, FET must only be performed where clinically appropriate and secondly, clinicians and scientists need to start joining the dots between what happens at early development and later at birth and beyond, a research area, in my opinion, that is still poorly supported and studied,” Cheong said.

The new study did not evaluate what could be driving this association between frozen embryo transfers and high blood pressure risks, but some IVF doctors question whether it is really fresh vs. frozen.

“There is one thing that is not clear: is it from the actual procedure of freezing the embryo or is it from the protocol used? Most IVF doctors believe from recent studies and evidence that it’s actually the medication protocol, not the IVF procedure,” Dr. Aimee Eyvazzadeh, a San Francisco-based reproductive endocrinologist, who was not involved in the new study, wrote in an email to CNN on Monday.

“There are different ways to prepare a uterus for transfer,” she said. One protocol involves a corpus luteum cyst, a fluid-filled mass that forms in the ovaries and plays an important role during pregnancy, as the corpus luteum produces the hormone progesterone that is needed during pregnancy. Another protocol relies on medications to mimic ovulation.

“Studies show that it’s the lack of corpus luteum that increases the risk and this is potentially why a frozen transfer may have a higher risk of pre-eclampsia,” Eyvazzadeh wrote.

Overall, the new study is “very important” for “anyone taking care of pregnant people after IVF,” she wrote. “Everyone taking care of pregnant people after IVF should pay extremely close attention to this study. More and more studies are showing what IVF doctors already know and that is that IVF after frozen embryo transfer can increase risk of pre-eclampsia.”

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