Tag Archives: Hungarian

Norris damages Verstappen’s Hungarian GP trophy during podium celebration – ESPN – ESPN.co.uk

  1. Norris damages Verstappen’s Hungarian GP trophy during podium celebration – ESPN ESPN.co.uk
  2. Lando Norris shatters Max Verstappen’s trophy as celebrations go wrong Planet F1
  3. ‘We’ve proved some people wrong’ – Defiant Norris happy with back-to-back podiums for McLaren | Formula 1® Formula 1
  4. F1 News: Lando Norris Smashed Max Verstappen’s Hungarian GP Trophy In Hilarious Podium Mishap Sports Illustrated
  5. Lando Norris Broke ‘Gentleman’s Agreement’ With George Russell Before the Latter Got Knocked Out in Q1 The Sportsrush
  6. View Full Coverage on Google News

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Formula 1 picks, odds, race time: 2023 Hungarian Grand Prix predictions, F1 best bets from proven model – CBS Sports

  1. Formula 1 picks, odds, race time: 2023 Hungarian Grand Prix predictions, F1 best bets from proven model CBS Sports
  2. The remarkably simple reason for Lewis Hamilton’s return to pole – ESPN ESPN
  3. What To Watch For in the Hungarian Grand Prix – Hamilton vs Verstappen into Turn 1 and Ricciardo’s racing return | Formula 1® Formula 1
  4. Zhou sets the bar high: ‘Going to fight McLaren or Aston Martin’ GPblog
  5. Alpine’s Stroke of Genius Slapped as Benchmark to Expose Ferrari’s Screw Up With Carlos Sainz EssentiallySports
  6. View Full Coverage on Google News

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Hungarian experts unconvinced by Azeri electricity ‘megadeal’ – EURACTIV.com

The Capitals brings you the latest news from across Europe, through on-the-ground reporting by EURACTIV’s media network. You can subscribe to the newsletter here.


The European news you deserve to read. Welcome to The Capitals by EURACTIV.


In today’s news from the Capitals:

Hungarian energy experts are unconvinced by the green and security promises of a new Brussels-backed electricity cable project with Azerbaijan. Read more.

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EU INSTITUTIONS

Europe’s car industry must look to the future, not the past. Most European car makers have already declared that they will go full electric by 2035, some of them sooner. The EU’s task is to get ready for this transformation, writes Frans Timmermans.

Frans Timmermans is the European Commission’s vice-president in charge of the Green Deal. Read the op-ed.

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PARIS

French GPs urged to not strike over difficult Christmas. French GPs, some of whom went on strike over low consultation fees at the start of December, should not continue strikes over the holiday period- a time when viruses are flourishing- Health Minister François Braun told Journal du Dimanche on Sunday. Read more.

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VIENNA

Austria’s Nehammer champions EU border fences. Fences are key in protecting the EU at its borders, Austrian Chancellor Karl Nehammer said in an interview on Sunday, citing the time when the fence at the border with Turkey and Greece allowed Greek border authorities to stop irregular migrants from entering.  Read more.

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BRUSSELS

NGOs ask Belgium to rally against new pesticide assessments. Several NGOs are asking Belgium not to go along with the majority of member states who will likely ask the European Commission to carry out an additional impact assessment on EU pesticide reduction objectives at the Council summit on Monday. Read more.

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THE HAGUE

Dutch military aid to Ukraine almost tips €1 billion. The Netherlands has now provided Ukraine with €987 million in military aid, Defence Minister Kajsa Ollongren told the Dutch parliament in a letter on Friday. Read more.


UK & IRELAND

LONDON

At Riga summit, Sunak to call for increasing lethal aid to Ukraine. British Prime Minister Rishi Sunak will meet his Nordic, Baltic and Dutch counterparts at the Joint Expeditionary Force (JEF) summit in the Latvian capital Riga on Monday, before heading to Estonia to meet British and NATO troops, the government said. Read more.


NORDICS AND BALTICS

HELSINKI

Hydrogen infrastructure projects launched to connect Finland and Central Europe. State-owned company and transmission system operator Gasgrid Finland signed a project agreement to develop a new piece of the regional hydrogen infrastructure network on Friday. Read more.


EUROPE’S SOUTH

ATHENS

Moscow warns Athens about sending S-300 missile system to Ukraine. Russia’s permanent representative Crimea Georgy Muratov warned Greece not to transfer Russia-made anti-aircraft missile systems S-300 to Ukraine, saying it would be an ‘irrational display of hostility towards Russia’. Read more.

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LISBON

Portugal: One in seven babies born to foreign mothers in 2021. Of the almost 80,000 babies born in 2021 in Portugal, more than 10,000 or about 14%, have foreign mothers, according to a survey released on Sunday by Pordata. Read more.


VISEGRAD 

PRAGUE

Czech EU presidency to propose €188 gas price cap compromise. The Czech EU Council Presidency would like energy ministers from across the Union to agree to cap gas at €188 per megawatt-hour (MWh) in Brussels on Monday. Read more.

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WARSAW

Polish opposition notifies prosecution of irregularities in state fuel merger. The public prosecutor’s office has been notified of the significant inaccuracies in the recent merger between the Lotos fuel company and PKN Orlen, the largest fuel company in Central and Eastern Europe that is also majority state-owned, representatives of the parliamentary opposition announced during a press conference. Read more.

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Polish ruling camp says it predicted Ukraine war, accuses opposition of sabotage. The ruling PiS party claims it knew the war in Ukraine would break out, while the opposition, which appeared to have been partly “engaged” in the Kremlin’s plan, went so far as to take steps to sabotage the country’s preparations for a potential Russian attack. Read more.

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BRATISLAVA

EU lawmakers on Slovakia mission point to worrying LGBTQ, Roma situation. An EU Parliament Monitoring Delegation expressed concern over the equal rights situation in Slovakia regarding LGBTQI+ and Roma communities and called on the government to step up its efforts in recognising their rights. Read more.


NEWS FROM THE BALKANS

SOFIA

Bulgaria launches investigation into pro-Russian paramilitaries. Sofia’s Prosecutor’s Office ordered the country’s counter-intelligence agency to start investigations into the activities of an alleged pro-Russian paramilitary organisation following a tip that the organisation had committed crimes against the republic. Read more.

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LJUBLJANA 

Slovenian businesses to benefit from energy aid scheme. Businesses will be eligible for aid to combat high energy prices under a €1.2 billion plan, which while adopted by the National Assembly Friday, some view as too little too late. Read more.

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PRISTINA

Kosovo approves renewables-focused energy strategy. The government of Kosovo has approved the draft Energy Strategy 2022-2031 to enable the energy sector to serve as a tool for the country’s economic growth and increase opportunities for businesses and the employment of young people. Read more.

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TIRANA

Albanian PM calls out criminal rhetoric used against Albanian diaspora. Prime Minister Edi Rama has spoken out about prejudice Albanians face and the stereotype that they are all criminals, following several months of negative rhetoric from the UK after numbers of those crossing the channel in boats to seek asylum surged. Read more.


AGENDA

  • EU: Transport, Telecommunications and Energy Council in its energy composition discusses methane emissions reduction, acceleration of the renewable energy deployment and more; The Czech Presidency presents a progress report on the gas package;
  • Vice President Valdis Dombrovskis participates in the 2nd Trade Committee EU-Vietnam;
  • Jobs and Social Rights Commissioner Nicolas Schmit and Home Affairs and Commissioner Ylva Johansson participate in a meeting of the European Partnership for Integration with the European Social and Economic Partners, on integrating migrants and refugees into labour market;
  • Agriculture Commissioner Janusz Wojciechowski participates in meeting with the chairmen of the Visegrád Group agricultural committees;
  • High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy Josep Borrell, on official visit in Jordan, participates in the Baghdad Conference and holds bilateral meetings in the margins;
  • European Parliament President Roberta Metsola holds meetings with Romanian President Klaus Iohannis, Romanian Prime Minister Nicolae Ciuca, President of the Romanian Senate Alina Gorghiu, and President of the Chamber of Deputies of Romania Marcel Ciolacu; Addresses a joint session of the Romanian Parliament;

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[Edited by Sarantis Michalopoulos, Vlad Makszimov, Daniel Eck, Zoran Radosavljevic, Alice Taylor, Sofia Stuart Leeson, Sofia Mandilara]



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2022 Hungarian Grand Prix report and highlights: Verstappen recovers from P10 to take Hungarian GP win as Mercedes secure double podium

Max Verstappen won the 2022 Hungarian Grand Prix from P10 with pitch-perfect execution of Red Bull’s strategy, while Lewis Hamilton finished second ahead of his pole-sitting Mercedes team mate George Russell.

Russell led on soft tyres and pitted on Lap 15, soft-shod Verstappen pitting from P5 a lap later to force Carlos Sainz to pit from the lead. Charles Leclerc meanwhile stayed out in the lead, extending his first stint until Lap 22. Russell led again but was passed by Sainz on Lap 31. So, from P4, Verstappen forced the issue with a second stop for mediums on Lap 39.

Crucially, with that stop, Verstappen had pulled off an undercut on Sainz and had an advantage on Leclerc too, the Monegasque starting on mediums to swap for the same compound after a lengthy first stint – and from the lead pitting from hard tyres well after Verstappen. The Dutchman cleared his rival with ease soon after that and it became clear that hard tyres weren’t the answer; Leclerc falling to P6 as he switched again for softs while Verstappen won by 7.8s.

And that was despite a 360-degree spin that almost cost Verstappen at the final corner and forced him to make another overtake on Leclerc.

Hamilton started seventh on mediums, cleared the Alpines, pitted for mediums and stayed out long to ensure he could finish the race on softs, which ensured he could pass the likes of Sainz and then Russell to finish second.

1


Max
Verstappen
VER
Red Bull Racing
1:39:35.912 25
2


Lewis
Hamilton
HAM
Mercedes
+7.834s 19
3


George
Russell
RUS
Mercedes
+12.337s 15
4


Carlos
Sainz
SAI
Ferrari
+14.579s 12
5


Sergio
Perez
PER
Red Bull Racing
+15.688s 10

Having started on pole, Russell couldn’t convert that to a win, his soft-medium-medium strategy seeing him end up third ahead of Sainz, who was cost by slow pit stops to finish fourth behind the Mercedes. Sainz still held off Sergio Perez by a second, while Leclerc couldn’t use his soft tyres to pass Perez and ended up sixth behind the Red Bull on another disappointing day for the Scuderia.

Lando Norris beat the Alpines to seventh, while Fernando Alonso finished P8 at the expense of team mate Esteban Ocon. Sebastian Vettel scrapped with Lance Stroll to lead his Canadian team mate for P10.

Pierre Gasly took P12, comfortably ahead of 13th-place Zhou Guanyu. Mick Schumacher was next, while Daniel Ricciardo could only manage 15th thanks to a five-second penalty ahead of the other Haas of Kevin Magnussen – who was involved in a minor collision early on.

Williams were next, Alex Albon finishing ahead of Nicholas Latifi in P17 and P18 respectively, while a spin saw Yuki Tsunoda finish 19th and last for AlphaTauri.

Valtteri Bottas stopped five laps from the end to bring out a Virtual Safety Car and a last-place classification for the Alfa Romeo.

AS IT HAPPENED

Spots of rain threatened to add even more drama to a weekend that has already seen Nicholas Latifi lead a session, George Russell take his maiden pole position to keep the Ferraris of Charles Leclerc and Carlos Sainz at bay – and then Max Verstappen qualify 10th ahead of team mate Sergio Perez.

Meanwhile, Pierre Gasly would begin from the pit lane with a new power unit, something Red Bull also opted to fit for both drivers after their qualifying glitch, but, given special dispensation to do so by the FIA, neither Perez nor Verstappen took grid penalties.

The drivers sported a range of Pirellis, Russell on used softs from pole, Lando Norris taking used softs from P4, his team mate Daniel Ricciardo following suit (from P9), along with Max Verstappen and Sergio Perez (new softs). Further down the top 10, Lance Stroll, Yuki Tsunoda, Alex Albon, Sebastian Vettel and Pierre Gasly would begin on new softs while the rest of the grid opted for new medium compounds.

The lights went out to end the feverous anticipation, Russell holding off a charging Sainz, who tried to pry the lead around the outside of Turn 1 while Hamilton cleared the Alpines – Fernando Alonso baulking at Esteban Ocon squeezing him at Turn 1 – to go into fifth, Verstappen up to eighth and Perez ninth after Lap 1. The Virtual Safety Car was then deployed for collisions between Magnussen and Ricciardo and another between Vettel and Albon, but the caution was swiftly withdrawn to restart the race on Lap 3.

2022 Hungarian Grand Prix: Pole-sitter Russell battles to stay ahead at start in Hungary

Russell gained a jump on the Ferraris as the VSC withdrew, Hamilton tailing fourth-place Nroris, while Verstappen was badgering the Alpines of Ocon in P6 and Alonso in P7, Perez also giving chase. Alonso exclaimed that he was “much faster” than Ocon but on Lap 5 the two-time champion ran wide at Turn 3 and Verstappen swept by for P7.

Verstappen made another move on Lap 7, prying P6 off Ocon and now it was reigning champion versus seven-time champion for P5, Perez behind using DRS and going round the outside of Turn 2 soon after for P8 at Alonso’s expense. Perez would wrestle seventh off Ocon two laps later to make it a Red Bull six-seven.

Magnussen had made it into the fight for points but was forced to pit on Lap 7 after his early scrap with Ricciardo; the Alfa Romeos had fallen down the order with poor starts, Bottas 12th and Zhou Guanyu 16th.

Russell’s gap to Sainz stood at around 2.5 seconds as the counter reached Lap 10 of 70 but the Mercedes driver had a set of soft tyres to nurse, as did Norris and the Red Bulls. Norris soon found himself creating a bottleneck with both Hamilton and Verstappen tailing him for that coveted fourth-place spot and a shot at the Scuderia.

Norris found it a struggle to hold off the Mercedes

Hamilton enjoyed a superior run to Turn 1 on Lap 12 and went round the inside of Norris for P4, Verstappen going around the outside of the McLaren just after that to leave him sixth ahead of Perez – who would take that place off him with DRS one lap later.

Verstappen began to complain, with some colourful language, that his clutch was slipping, and soon he would drop off Hamilton’s rear wing; Leclerc would ask his pit wall if Sainz could speed up. Indeed, Sainz was picking up the pace having cut the gap to 1.2s by the start of Lap 15, DRS his privilege one lap later when the call to box was given. Sainz skipped the pit entry and instead, it was Russell who stopped for mediums – Verstappen following – to emerge sixth at the start of Lap 17.

Russell came out of the pits – his stop slightly slow – only to find Alonso trying to battle him around the outside of Turns 1-4, but the Mercedes just hung on.

Sainz took his stop on Lap 17 but it wasn’t ideal either and he was released between the Alpines in P6, with Alonso and Verstappen behind him. Crucially, Sainz was now on the same tyre as Russell but with Ocon the obstacle between himself and the pole-sitter. Ocon was cleared with ease on Lap 19 (when Perez pitted and emerged 10th in traffic) and so Leclerc was in the lead, 11.5s ahead of Hamilton and another 7.5s ahead of Russell as the ticker reached Lap 20.

Leclerc extended his first stint

Hamilton took the cue to stop from P2 on Lap 20, but with Verstappen lighting up the sectors, the Dutchman successfully managed to undercut the Mercedes that emerged in P7. The reigning champion was comfortably up the road in P5 having cleared Alonso just as Hamilton had stopped for another set of mediums, Verstappen taking another place off Ocon on the following tour.

That new set of mediums not only gave Verstappen an undercut on Hamilton, plus two places off the Alpines, but the pace to threaten then-leader Leclerc, who was forced to cover off the Dutchman with a solid stop for mediums on Lap 22. That released Russell back into the lead, Leclerc emerging ahead of Sainz.

Alpine’s strategy was contrarian: Alonso pitted for hards on Lap 22 while Ocon came in for the same compounds two laps later. Ocon emerged in battle with his team mate and Ricciardo then saw an opportunity, pouncing on the pair at Turn 3 to jump them and go 10th behind the yet-to-stop Alfa Romeos – while Alonso was left frustrated having failed to get past his team mate.

To add insult to injury, Aston Martin’s Stroll would soon take P12 off Alonso, passing Ocon by Lap 30, as the Alpines began to struggle. Vettel compounded Alpine’s woes, picking off Alonso two laps later and then Ocon on Lap 39.

Russell’s lead over Leclerc was dropping as the Monegasque driver turned up the pace and on Lap 27 the Ferrari was in DRS range of the Mercedes, having a look but declining not to pass into Turn 1. The following lap saw a more committed attempt to take the lead, but Russell held Leclerc off in a wheel-to-wheel skirmish on the downhill run to Turn 5.

The battle continued, Russell going slightly wide at Turn 2 on Lap 29 but Leclerc declining not to try a move down the hill, instead trying that on Lap 30 – the Mercedes driver taking unconventional, wide lines to tempt the Ferrari before swooping into the apex to deny him the lead fairly but sternly.

Russell and Leclerc put on an enthralling show

Leclerc kept his cool and the finally sent it on Lap 31, DRS giving Leclerc a run on the Mercedes and late braking giving Leclerc the lead around the outside of Turn 1. They say that when it rains, it pours, and Russell now had Sainz and Verstappen catching up to his rear wing – while numerous drivers began to report drizzle on their visors at the halfway mark.

Sainz preyed on Russell’s Mercedes but could only hover around DRS range. But Leclerc proved his pace on the fresh set of mediums, extending to a 4.8-second lead by Lap 39. It was then that Verstappen broke the seal and went for an aggressive undercut strategy by pitting for another set of mediums, Leclerc reacting to pit for hards on Lap 40 and Russell changing to mediums a few seconds later.

Verstappen’s undercut worked, the stop releasing him ahead of Russell and closer to the hard-shod Leclerc. Leclerc’s tyres were cold, and Verstappen was too; the Dutchman swept past the Ferrari down the inside of Turn 1 on Lap 41. Although Sainz was leading Hamilton, Verstappen had executed a brilliant strategy that potentially gave him the net lead of the race.

At the penultimate corner, a puff of smoke signalled that all was not right as Verstappen got on the throttle and spun 360 degrees, putting him back behind Leclerc and allowing Russell a chance to overtake Verstappen at Turn 1. Russell couldn’t make the move, however, and Verstappen shrugged off his spin to pick the pace back up, closing back up to the rear wing of Leclerc and passing him once more at Turn 2 on Lap 45.

Back at the front, Sainz and Hamilton were yet to take their second stops with Verstappen chipping away at a 12-second gap to the lead – and drivers still reporting light drizzle.

Sainz chose to take his second stop on Lap 48 for softs, but the tyre change was slow and saw him emerge fifth ahead of Perez – who had stopped five laps prior. Yellow flags briefly flew as Stroll and Ricciardo pitted in tandem and collided in the fight for P11 at Turn 2, with the Australian receiving a five-second time penalty.

With Sainz having taken his second stop, Hamilton was in the lead on Lap 51 – Verstappen just 3.5s behind. Leclerc, meanwhile, was third but only half a second ahead of Russell as the medium tyres seemed at this stage the superior option. Hamilton decided to pit at the end of that tour, diving in for a set of softs and emerging fifth ahead of Perez.

With one Mercedes briefly stationary, the other was flying. Russell was right on the diffuser of Leclerc’s Ferrari in the fight for P3, and on Lap 54 he made the move for P2 with ease around the outside of Turn 1. Verstappen was eight seconds up the road, and Leclerc’s side reacted by pitting him for softs.

Hamilton soon proved to be the fastest man on track, passing Sainz – both drivers on softs – at Turn 1 on Lap 63. Russell soon found himself in the clutches of his team mate and now we had an intra-team battle for P2 at Mercedes, Hamilton getting a better exit from Turn 1 on Lap 65 and prying the place away – team boss Toto Wolff watching on from the Mercedes garage.

Bottas reported a loss of power on Lap 68 and the Virtual Safety Car was then deployed to slow the field, Verstappen leading ahead of Hamilton and Russell. The VSC was withdrawn in the middle of Lap 69, from where Verstappen comfortably led to win by nearly eight seconds. Perez was in the clutches of soft-shod Leclerc but the Ferrari driver couldn’t salvage P5 on the final lap, ending up three-tenths behind the Red Bull in P6.

With Mercedes completing the podium in a mirror image of the top-three standings at Paul Ricard, Sainz finished fourth from second – one better than he had from P19 in France.

Leclerc missed out on the top five

Norris ended up seventh as the last driver on the lead lap, shrugging off a slow pit stop earlier on to overhaul both Alpines, Alonso having finished in eighth and well behind the McLaren, Alpine’s medium-to-hard one-stopper having failed to reap major reward.

Stroll made it into the top 10 at Bottas’s expense on Lap 63 but the two Aston Martins then made contact – something they avoided on the last lap in France – with medium-shod Vettel soon passing his soft-shod team mate to take P10.

Pierre Gasly managed to finish an anonymous P12 after his pit lane start, comfortably ahead of Zhou but well behind Stroll. Though Mick Schumacher was passed by Ricciardo early on, the German finished ahead of the Australian, thanks to his five-second time penalty for his earlier tangle with Stroll.

Albon led Latifi, who said that his car was “all over the place, a disaster, literally”, with Yuki Tsunoda 19th and only ahead of the stationary Alfa Romeo of Bottas, thanks to a Lap 36 spin at the chicane.

The rain stayed away but there was a cloud over Ferrari, who entered Hungary looking for a one-two finish yet were once again outscored by Mercedes, while Verstappen pulled off a highly unlikely win part in thanks to an ingenious Red Bull strategy.

Verstappen took a second consecutive win; Hamilton took fastest lap and a fifth consecutive podium

Key quote

“I was of course hoping I could get close to the podium, but very tricky conditions out there. But we had a really good strategy, we were really reactive and always pitting at the right at time, I think we had some good out-laps and at the end even with 360, we won the race!

“It was very good, I was battling a lot of guys, so it was a lot of fun out there… a crazy race and of course very happy that we won’t it” – Max Verstappen, Red Bull

What’s next?

Red Bull enjoy a 97-point lead in the constructors’ championship; Verstappen has an 80-point lead in the drivers’ standings, and the teams and drivers have a break to reflect on the first half of the season. Action resumes with the Belgian Grand Prix on August 26-28.

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2022 Hungarian Grand Prix FP2 report and highlights: FP2: Leclerc heads impressive Norris as Ferrari sweep Friday sessions at the Hungaroring

Charles Leclerc was the fastest man in Budapest on Friday afternoon, as the Monegasque driver topped the timesheets in the second practice session at the Hungaroring, leading the impressive Lando Norris in the McLaren.

Leclerc made a fine start to the session, setting the early pace on the medium tyre with a blistering time of 1m 18.911s, to lead his team mate Carlos Sainz by 0.481s.

And with 20 minutes of running in FP2 gone, the drivers began to file out onto the track on soft tyres and low fuel for the customary Friday afternoon qualifying simulations.

AS IT HAPPENED: Follow all the action from second practice for the Hungarian Grand Prix

And it was Lando Norris who threw down the early gauntlet, setting the fastest first sector on his way to setting a time of 1m 18.662s. However, the McLaren racer’s time was quickly beaten by Leclerc, who went over two-tenths faster with a time of 1m 18.445s.

1


Charles
Leclerc
LEC
Ferrari

1:18.445

2


Lando
Norris
NOR
McLaren

+0.217s

3


Carlos
Sainz
SAI
Ferrari

+0.231s

4


Max
Verstappen
VER
Red Bull Racing

+0.283s

5


Daniel
Ricciardo
RIC
McLaren

+0.427s

Sainz – who abandoned his first soft tyre run attempt – was a fraction further back as he set the third fastest time of the session, ahead of championship leader Max Verstappen in fourth – with the top four covered by just 0.283s.

It was a good day for McLaren, with 2014 Hungarian Grand Prix winner Daniel Ricciardo in fifth, just over two-tenths behind his team mate, with the Alpine of Fernando Alonso – another former winner at the Hungaroring – in sixth.

FP1: Sainz heads Verstappen in opening Hungarian Grand Prix practice

Fresh from announcing that he will be retiring at the end of the season, Sebastian Vettel, in the updated Aston Martin, was seventh fastest, ahead of George Russell in eighth. Sergio Perez, in the second Red Bull was down in ninth, with the Alfa Romeo of Valtteri Bottas rounding out the top 10 in his first session of the day, having been replaced by Robert Kubica in FP1.

Eight-time winner in Budapest Lewis Hamilton was down in 11th – although he did encounter traffic on a faster lap – sandwiched by the two Alfa Romeo drivers, with Zhou Guanyu in 12th.

2022 Hungarian GP FP2: Alex Albon locks up and spins off at Turn 1

Last year’s Hungary winner Esteban Ocon finished in 13th, over half a second behind his Alpine team mate, ahead of Lance Stroll in 14th, with the AlphaTauris of Pierre Gasly and Yuki Tsunoda down in 15th and 19th, respectively.

READ MORE: ‘He’s such a legend of our sport’ – Vettel’s fellow drivers hail him as ‘an inspiration’ following his retirement announcement

Between those two were Kevin Magnussen – in the upgraded Haas – in 16th, ahead of his team mate Mick Schumacher in 17th, with Nicholas Latifi the lead Williams in 18th.

Alex Albon was down in 20th after having his qualifying run curtailed by a spin at Turn 1, as well as struggling with oversteer.

Who’s going to score in the 2022 Hungarian Grand Prix? Pick your dream team before qualifying and take on the world to win huge prizes with the Official Formula 1 Fantasy game. Sign up, join leagues and manage your squad here.

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Why Americans should care about the Hungarian election

WASHINGTON — Even as other European leaders rushed to support Ukraine in its effort to repel the invasion Russia launched in late February, Hungary’s nationalist, authoritarian prime minister, Viktor Orbán, remained defiantly aloof, unwilling to sacrifice his long-standing relationship with Russian President Vladimir Putin for the sake of a neighboring nation trying to assert its independence from Russia, as Hungary once had.

Like counterparts across the continent, Orbán had been subject to an impassioned appeal from Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky. In Orbán’s case, Zelensky invoked Hungary’s uprising against communism in 1956, which was ruthlessly suppressed by Moscow. “There is no time to hesitate. It’s time to decide,” Zelensky told Orbán.

Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky speaks from Kyiv by video to leaders of the European Council on March 24. (Ukrainian Presidential Press Office via AP)

The man sometimes called “Viktator” — which intentionally rhymes with “dictator” — remained unmoved. “Our moral responsibility is not for Ukraine: our moral responsibility is for our own people,” he said in a radio interview last Sunday, pointing out that Hungary is heavily dependent on Russian energy.

He also drew a distinction with his liberal opponents, who he said were willing to “sacrifice our interests on the altar of Ukrainian interests and do what the president of Ukraine says we should do.”

Those liberal opponents hope to score a major victory in Sunday’s parliamentary election, which will serve as a referendum not only on Orbán’s self-described “illiberal democracy” — a cousin of the “managed democracy” his friend Putin implemented in Russia — but on the imperiled future of democracy in Eastern Europe.

“In many ways, Hungary is a cautionary tale,” David Koranyi, a fellow at the Atlantic Council and a critic of the Orbán regime, told Yahoo News. He laments how, under Orbán, the “promising, newly minted democracy of the 1990s” has curdled into a repressive regime where, as in Russia, independent media outlets have been suppressed and democratic institutions bullied into submission.

Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán on Friday at the final electoral rally before Sunday’s election. (Petr David Josek/AP)

Hungary under Orbán has also become something of a fixation with American conservatives; in January he received an endorsement from ally Donald Trump, who praised him as a “strong leader.”

Many on the right seem to admire Orbán for claiming victories in the same culture wars they have been waging for decades. Since returning to power in 2010 (he had previously served a single term as prime minister between 1998 and 2002), Orbán has pushed what he calls a “pro-family agenda” that is similar to the one supported by American evangelicals. He was also a staunch opponent of allowing migrants from Syria and North Africa into Hungary, and he built a border fence similar to the barrier Trump promised as a means of keeping migrants from Latin America out of the United States.

That earned Orbán a visit from Tucker Carlson in the summer of 2021. The Fox News host hosted a week of his primetime program from the capital city, Budapest, culminating in a one-on-one interview with Orbán. Hungary, Carlson told his American viewers, is a “small country with a lot of lessons for the rest of us.”

Orbán fandom on the American right “did have to do with his moves to ban abortion or same-sex marriage or otherwise curtail LGBTQ rights in Hungary,” the journalist Sarah Posner, who has covered Hungarian politics, told the radio program “On Point” last year. “They liked that. They also liked his appeals to not just ethnic nationalism but Christian nationalism, which is what they have been promoting here in the United States.”

Fox News host Tucker Carlson speaks during the Mathias Corvinus Collegium Feszt in Hungary in 2021. (Janos Kummer/Getty Images)

Hungary is a starkly different cultural battleground from the United States. About 62% of Hungarians are Catholic today. The nation’s Jewish population, once large and thriving, was nearly eradicated in the final murderous months when the death camp at Auschwitz-Birkenau was in operation during World War II, while Muslims have never been nearly as welcome in Hungary as they have been in Western European countries like Germany and the United Kingdom.

Opponents of Orbán hope the mutual admiration will be disrupted with Sunday’s election, which they hope will be the culmination of years of political organizing under highly inauspicious circumstances. Liberal and centrist opposition groups have united behind Peter Marki-Zay, a young mayor from a southern city near the Romanian border. Hungary borders seven countries in all, and it has historically served at different times as an imperial power and as a vassal. Today it is both a member of the European Union and an ally of Russia — “a weak link in the chain” of NATO, as Koranyi put it.

Marki-Zay imagines a different future for Hungary, one more closely aligned with the West. “Putin and Orban belong to this autocratic, repressive, poor and corrupt world. And we have to choose Europe, West, NATO, democracy, rule of law, freedom of the press, a very different world: the free world,” he recently told the New York Times.

Hungary’s joint opposition candidate for prime minister, Peter Marki-Zay, at a campaign event in Budapest on Tuesday. (Anna Szilagyi/AP)

The sad irony of the Hungarian opposition’s increasing unity is that it is up against an authoritarian ruler as determined as ever to stay in power. Now that German Chancellor Angela Merkel has stepped down, Orbán is the European Union’s longest-serving head of state. Never especially shy about wielding state power to advance his own chance of reelection, he has recently gone so far as to use a coronavirus alert service to make a pitch ahead of Sunday’s election. Given the crosscurrents of fear and propaganda that mark Hungarian public discourse, Marki-Zay’s chances of victory are “lower than they should be,” Koranyi lamented.

Orbán has tried recently to edge away from Putin without alienating him, a tactic to spare Hungary from repercussions an embittered Kremlin could levy. The contrast is especially stark with Poland, where a nationalistic and conservative government has pivoted to support Ukraine. A similar move is highly unlikely to emanate from Budapest if Orbán remains in charge.

“There are really alarming similarities” between Putin’s Russia and Orbán’s Hungary, media scholar Eva Bognar of the Central European University in Hungary, told Yahoo News. The two countries are not identical, she cautioned, but the war in Ukraine could only bring the similarities into high relief. “Orbán has been very proud of being friendly with Putin,” Bognar said.

The special relationship between the two strongmen makes Sunday’s election a broader referendum on Hungary’s future. “Orbán really subordinated the country to Putin,” Hungarian politician Katalin Cseh recently told former Obama foreign policy adviser Ben Rhodes on the “Pod Save the World” podcast. “If Orbán stays in power, we will become the pariah of the EU for a very long time to come.”

_____

What happened this week in Ukraine? Check out this explainer from Yahoo Immersive to find out.

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Orban’s dream of two decades in power hangs in the balance in Hungarian ballot

BUDAPEST, March 31 (Reuters) – After his third consecutive landslide victory in 2018, Hungary’s Viktor Orban said his strong new mandate allowed him to plan for 12 years ahead, aiming for an unbroken two-decade spell in power in the former communist Central European country.

On Sunday, Orban’s plan will be put to a stern test in a national election where polls suggest six opposition parties united against him for the first time are within a striking distance from unseating his nationalist Fidesz party.

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Fidesz swept elections in 2018 on a fierce anti-immigration campaign that earned him praise from former U.S. President Donald Trump and Europe’s far right and set him on a collision course with Brussels.

Now, the 58-year-old leader, who has transformed Hungary into a self-styled “illiberal democracy” with a firm grip over media and loyalists in charge of top institutions, acknowledges this election will not be a walkover.

“The stakes of this election are, even for an old warhorse such as myself, much higher than I could have ever imagined,” Orban, who has evenly split the time in opposition and in power since post-communist Hungary’s first election in 1990, told pro-government channel HirTV on Monday.

Opinion polls give Orban’s party a narrow lead, but with about one-fifth of Hungary’s 8 million voters still declaring to be undecided, the April 3 vote could still go either way.

The vote will decide whether Brussels will continue to face resistance from Hungary and Poland over media freedoms, rule of law and minority rights or Warsaw will be left isolated in its standoff with European institutions.

Defence of conservative Christian family values against what he calls “gender madness” now sweeping Western Europe is part of Orban’s current campaign. On Sunday, Hungarians will also vote in a government referendum about sexual orientation workshops in schools, a vote which rights groups have condemned saying it fuelled prejudice against the LGBTQ community. read more

Orban holds lead before election

EAST OR WEST?

Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban leaves the stage after delivering his annual state of the nation speech in Budapest, Hungary, February 10, 2019. REUTERS/Bernadett Szabo/File Photo

Russia’s invasion of Ukraine upset Orban’s script, casting his close relations with Moscow in a new light.

He responded by tapping into Hungarians wish for security, posing on campaign billboards as their protector and accusing opposition politicians of trying to drag Hungary into the war, a charge they have denied.

Yet the opposition leader Peter Marki-Zay seized the opportunity, telling voters they faced a choice between the West and East, criticising Orban’s close relations with Russia and what he said was an erosion of democratic rights.

Campaigning in what used to be called Moscow square in Budapest, an opposition stronghold, Marki-Zay said on Tuesday that Russian President Vladimir Putin was rebuilding the Soviet empire and Orban “still cannot decide how to keep an equal distance from the killers and the victims.”

Addressing cheering supporters, the conservative small-town mayor and a Catholic father of seven, brought up the Hungarian uprising crushed by Soviet tanks almost 66 years ago while taking a swipe at Orban.

“After 1956 there is still a Hungarian politician, who cannot state that we always must stand up against the aggressor,” he said.

Marki-Zay leads a coalition of six parties across Hungary’s political spectrum that joined forces, galvanized by the possibility of ousting Orban.

Its members, from leftist Democratic Coalition, to liberal Momentum and Jobbik, a far-right party turned moderate, have put most of their disputes aside for the campaign but policy differences may pose a challenge if Marki-Zay wins on Sunday.

He has promised to clamp down on corruption, gain access to European Union funds frozen by Brussels over the rule of law fight, and introduce the euro.

“What will decide this election is that the majority has had enough of these 12 years,” said Sandor Laszlo, who attended Marki-Zay’s rally in the capital.

According to the latest poll by Zavecz Research, Fidesz led the opposition by three percentage points with 39% support. Tibor Zavecz, director of the think tank, said Fidesz appeared to have a better chance to win but a lot would depend on a last-minute mobilisation of voters.

He said around 8% of the electorate, around 600,000 people, said they would cast a vote but still had no preferred choice.

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Reporting by Krisztina Than
Editing by Tomasz Janowski

Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.

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2021 Hungarian Grand Prix race report & highlights: Ocon claims shock maiden victory in action-packed Hungarian Grand Prix as Vettel disqualified from P2

Alpine’s Esteban Ocon has claimed his maiden Formula 1 victory in what was without doubt one of the most thrilling Hungarian Grands Prix of all time, ahead of Aston Martin’s Sebastian Vettel – while Lewis Hamilton recovered from being last at one point to claim P3, as Max Verstappen could only take 10th after Lap 1 contact in a crash that triggered a red flag.

However, there was drama late in the day after the race as Vettel was disqualified when race officials could not extract the necessary fuel sample from his car, promoting Carlos Sainz to the podium and bumping the rest of the field up one spot each.

A wild and wet start to the Hungarian Grand Prix saw five drivers eliminated on the first lap, as Valtteri Bottas locked up and wiped out Lando Norris and Sergio Perez – as well as hitting Verstappen – while Lance Stroll also locked up and hit Charles Leclerc, who spun around Daniel Ricciardo, with Bottas, Perez, Norris, Stroll and Leclerc all forced into retirement as the race was red flagged.

READ MORE: Bottas handed five-place grid drop for Belgian GP for triggering Turn 1 crash in Hungary

Polesitter Hamilton had made it through unscathed, but Mercedes misjudged track conditions at the race restart, keeping Hamilton out for the standing start on intermediates as the entire rest of the field pitted for mediums, Hamilton forced to pit a lap later and dropping to the back of the pack.

That allowed Ocon to take a lead that he’d hold for almost all the 70 laps at the Hungaroring, holding off the race-long advances of Vettel to take his first single seater win since 2015, as Vettel secured his second P2 of the season after a fine drive.

1


Esteban
Ocon
OCO
Alpine
2:04:43.199 25
2


Sebastian
Vettel
VET
Aston Martin
+1.859s 18
3


Lewis
Hamilton
HAM
Mercedes
+2.736s 15
4


Carlos
Sainz
SAI
Ferrari
+15.018s 12
5


Fernando
Alonso
ALO
Alpine
+15.651s 10

A fantastic comeback from Hamilton saw him make what was effectively a two-stop race work to recover from P14 to third by the chequered flag, while Verstappen could only take P10, with damage from that Lap 1 collision hobbling his recovery, and allowing Hamilton to take the lead in the title race heading into the summer break.

Carlos Sainz had held P3 for much of the race but was forced to succumb to Hamilton three laps from the end, as he took fourth for Ferrari, ahead of Fernando Alonso in P5 to cap an incredible day for Alpine.

Pierre Gasly was sixth for AlphaTauri, ahead of team mate Yuki Tsunoda – while in a day of heart-warming stories, Williams claimed their first points since the 2019 German Grand Prix, Nicholas Latifi having enjoyed an awesome Lap 1 before taking P8 ahead of George Russell in P9, with Verstappen rounding out the order, at the end of one of the most epic Grands Prix in recent memory.

Race Highlights: 2021 Hungarian Grand Prix

AS IT HAPPENED

Much was made after qualifying of how the tyre strategies of the Mercedes and Red Bulls might play out at the start, with both polesitter Lewis Hamilton and P2 man Valtteri Bottas set to start on the durable mediums, while behind Max Verstappen and Sergio Perez were set to go on the fast-starting, but less robust, softs.

Ultimately, that was all rendered moot by rainclouds that moved in over the Hungaroring in the build-up to the race, forcing the whole field to switch to intermediate tyres to start – and making for a thrilling beginning to the race.

Hamilton led the pack into Turn 1, but Lando Norris from P6 on the grid made a fantastic getaway, making his way past Bottas’ Mercedes on the drag down to the first corner. The Finn, though, locked up as he tried to get his W12 slowed down, running into the back of Norris, who then cannoned into Verstappen’s second-placed Red Bull, as Bottas slid into Perez’s sister Red Bull, with Pierre Gasly having to take avoiding action.

READ MORE: ‘Apologies don’t change anything’ – Norris hits out at Bottas as Finn admits he created ‘a mess’

Further back, Lance Stroll took to the inside grass at Turn 1, but couldn’t avoid running into Charles Leclerc’s Ferrari, who then spun around Daniel Ricciardo’s McLaren – with Bottas, Leclerc, Stroll, Perez and Norris all forced to retire as first a Safety Car then a full red flag was pulled, and with Bottas later handed a five-place grid drop for Belgium.

2021 Hungarian Grand Prix: Bottas sparks multiple crashes in dramatic race start

The start hadn’t worked out for those drivers, but it made for an incredible top 10 at the Lap 4 restart (which took place 25 minutes after the red flag was flown): Hamilton from Ocon, Vettel, Sainz (who’d started P15), Tsunoda (who’d started P16), Williams’ Latifi in sixth, Alpine’s Alonso P7, the second Williams of Russell in P8, Alfa Romeo’s Kimi Raikkonen P9 while Mick Schumacher found himself 10th for Haas.

Verstappen was now P13, having been forced to pit after his contact with Bottas – and with major damage to his right-hand barge board – with Gasly P11 and Ricciardo P12.

Hamilton led the field round on the warm-up lap – but warm was the word, the track having dried dramatically in the intervening time. Hamilton opted not to pit ahead of the restart, but the other 14 drivers still in the race all stopped for mediums.

LIVE COVERAGE: All the reaction to Ocon’s maiden win in a drama-filled Hungarian Grand Prix

That created the bizarre sight of Hamilton alone on the grid as the five lights went out, as the rest of the field changed tyres and waited at the end of the pit lane. But it soon dawned on Hamilton and Mercedes that they’d made a huge mistake, as the field charged after the inter-shod seven-time champion at a rate of knots on the practically dry track.

That field was led by Russell, who’d jumped to P2 in the pits, but was then ordered to give the places back and fell back to P7. So as Hamilton dejectedly pitted at the end of Lap 4, it was Ocon who took over the lead from Vettel and Latifi, the Williams driver up to an incredible P3, ahead of Tsunoda in P4 and Sainz P5, as Hamilton rejoined 14th and last.

Nikita Mazepin, meanwhile, had retired after making contact with Raikkonen in the pits, for which Raikkonen was handed a 10-second penalty.

Hamilton took a solo race restart as the rest of the field pitted

Verstappen was past Gasly for P11 on Lap 7, while Hamilton took Giovinazzi for P13 three laps later, but the going through the backmarkers was slower than either of the title rivals would have liked.

Mercedes decided to roll the dice with Hamilton, pulling him in for hard tyres on Lap 19. Red Bull covered the move a lap later with Verstappen, but the undercut from Hamilton meant that Verstappen emerged behind his rival, and stuck behind Ricciardo’s McLaren to boot in P12.

Hamilton was told by Mercedes to put the hammer down, and quickly saw off Schumacher and Latifi to work his was up to P7 by Lap 28 of 70, while four laps later, he passed Tsunoda for P5 with a sublime move around the outside of Turn 4.

WATCH: Charging Hamilton overtakes Tsunoda at Turn 4

Verstappen was unable to make such progress with his hobbled Red Bull, the Dutchman stuck in a train behind Schumacher, Russell and Ricciardo. Up at the front, meanwhile, leader Ocon was doing a sterling job to hold off the advances of Vettel, the gap between the Alpine and Aston Martin yo-yoing between 0.3s and 2.0s throughout the opening stint.

2021 Hungarian Grand Prix: Russell passes Schumacher with brilliant move at Turn 2

After a breathless beginning to the Hungarian Grand Prix, by the halfway point on Lap 35 the order was Ocon from Vettel from Alonso – the front three yet to carry out their first major pit stops – with Sainz fourth having done his stop, ahead of Hamilton, Tsunoda, Latifi, Gasly, Russell and Ricciardo, with Verstappen 11th and 35 seconds behind Hamilton, Schumacher having been demoted to P12.

Second-placed man Vettel was pulled in by Aston on Lap 36 for hard tyres but was stopped for 3.3s and emerged P3. Leader Ocon pitted a lap later, his stop exactly a second faster, as he retained his net lead over Vettel in a crucial moment for the Alpine team. Down the order, Verstappen was pulled in for new mediums on Lap 40, but sounded listless on team radio as he complained of being able to do nothing with his “broken” Red Bull, as he emerged P12 before quickly passing Kimi Raikkonen for 11th.

ONBOARD: Latifi gains 12 places with incredible race start at Hungarian Grand Prix

Having climbed to P4, meanwhile, Hamilton made his second stop proper on Lap 47 for mediums, dropping to fifth before being instructed by engineer Pete Bonnington to give it “hammer time all the way” to the end of the race, while Toto Wolff even took to the radio to assure his driver that he could still win this race.

Nine laps to go, and the order was still Ocon from Vettel, Sainz, Alonso and Hamilton – Hamilton having tried and failed on successive laps to pass the Spaniard in a titanic battle between the pair. Behind, the AlphaTauris of Gasly and Tsunoda were sixth and seventh, ahead of the Williams pairing of Latifi and Russell – both cars running in the points in P8 and P9 – while Verstappen had finally made it up to 10th after passing Ricciardo.

2021 Hungarian Grand Prix: Alonso defends brilliantly from charging Hamilton

Hamilton’s assails on Alonso ultimately yielded P4 on Lap 65 after Alonso locked up at Turn 1, while the Mercedes driver was past Sainz two laps later, as he moved up into a podium position that had looked very unlikely at points on Sunday afternoon.

He would go no further than third, however, with emotional scenes as Ocon burst across the line for his first single seater victory since the first round of the 2015 GP3 season, the Frenchman running through the pit lane after stopping out on track, before being held touchingly held aloft in parc ferme by team mate Alonso – who by holding up Hamilton for so many laps may have played a crucial part in allowing Ocon that maiden triumph.

READ MORE: Ocon thanks Alpine team mate Alonso for ‘fighting like a lion’ to help him to maiden win in Hungary

Vettel finished a frustrated second, having been unable to get close enough all race to launch a proper move on Ocon for the lead – although worse was to come when the German was disqualified after the race for a fuel infringement, an unfortunate end to a great performance from Vettel. Hamilton’s impressive recovery drive, meanwhile, allowed him to move to the head of the drivers’ standings, with an eight-point lead over Verstappen heading into the break.

Sainz was initially annoyed to not take his second podium of the year, as he finished ahead of Alonso – before being promoted to the P3 after Vettel’s disqualification – with the AlphaTauri pair of Gasly and Tsunoda moved up to fifth and sixth, Gasly having been allowed past the Japanese driver on Lap 49.

Alonso holds Ocon aloft

It was a fantastic day for Williams too, who having failed to score since Hockenheim 2019 claimed a double points finish, despite neither driver having made it out of Q1 on Saturday – Latifi the driver who claimed seventh ahead of Russell, as the pair scored their respective first ever points for the Grove team, and Latifi his first points in F1.

READ MORE: Vettel loses second-place finish in Hungary after disqualification for fuel sample issue

And then came Verstappen, who had been powerless to do better than P10 on the road (later bumped to P9) following his Lap 1 contact – although he at least had Gasly to thank for claiming fastest lap to prevent Hamilton outscoring him more – as Raikkonen, Ricciardo, Schumacher and Antonio Giovinazzi rounded out the order, Raikkonen promoted into the points after former team mate Vettel’s DSQ.

So, there were dramatic movements in both the drivers’ and constructors’ standings in Hungary – Mercedes too taking a 12-point lead from Red Bull going into the summer break. But the day belonged to Esteban Ocon, who took an assured first win of his career, three years after being out of a drive in F1 completely.

2021 Hungarian Grand Prix: Ocon takes maiden Formula 1 victory at Hungaroring

The key quote

“What a moment. It feels so good. It’s the first victory since the Renault group came back into Formula 1. We had some difficult moments this season that we overcame together with the team, we’ve come back to a fantastic pace in Silverstone and victory today.

“What can I say? It’s fantastic, so congrats to Fernando as well because I think the win is also thanks to him with the fight that he did, his teamwork, all that. I think it’s been a fantastic day” – Esteban Ocon, Alpine

What’s next

After all that excitement, it’s time for Formula 1 to put its feet up for a month or so, as we enter the enforced summer shutdown period. We’ll be back for round 12, the Belgian Grand Prix at the iconic Spa-Francorchamps circuit on August 27-29.

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Vampire squid fossil ‘lost’ during the Hungarian Revolution rediscovered

Vampire squid have been lurking in the dark corners of the ocean for 30 million years, a new analysis of a long-lost fossil finds. 

Modern-day vampire squid (Vampyroteuthis infernalis) can thrive in deep, oxygen-poor ocean water, unlike many other squid species that require shallower habitat along continental shelves. Few fossil ancestors of today’s vampire squid survive, though, so scientists aren’t sure when these elusive cephalopods evolved the ability to live with little oxygen. 

The new fossil analysis helps to fill a 120-million-year gap in vampire squid evolution, revealing that the ancestors of modern-day vampire squid already lived in the deep oceans during the Oligocene, 23 million to 34 million years ago. These squid probably evolved adaptations to low-oxygen water during the Jurassic, said study co-author Martin Košťák, a paleontologist at Charles University in Prague.

Related: Photos of the vampire squid from hell

“Life in stable low-oxygen levels brings evolutionary advantages — low predation pressure and less competition,” Košťák wrote in an email to Live Science.

A 30 million-year-old fossil squid discovered outside Budapest.  (Image credit: Košťák, M., Schlögl, J., Fuchs, D. et al., Communications Biology. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.)

A rediscovered fossil 

Košťák and his colleagues found the long-lost fossil in the collections of the Hungarian Natural History Museum in 2019 while looking for fossils of cuttlefish ancestors. The fossil was originally discovered in 1942 by Hungarian paleontologist Miklós Kretzoi, who identified it as a squid dating back around 30 million years and named it Necroteuthis hungarica. Later researchers, though, argued that it was a cuttlefish ancestor. In 1956, during the Hungarian Revolution, the museum was burned, and the fossil was thought to be destroyed. The rediscovery was a happy surprise.

“It was a great moment,” Košťák said of the rediscovery, “to see something previously suggested to be definitely lost.” 

Košťák and his colleagues studied the fossil with scanning electron microscopy and conducted a geochemical analysis. They first found that Kretzoi’s initial identification was right: The fossil is from a squid, not a cuttlefish ancestor. The animal’s internal shell, or gladius, which forms the backbone of its body, was about 6 inches (15 centimeters) long, suggesting the squid grew to about 13.7 inches (35 cm) long with arms included. That’s just a bit bigger than modern vampire squid, which reach about 11 inches (28 cm) in total body length.

The sediments surrounding the fossil showed no traces of microfossils often found on the seafloor, suggesting that the squid was not living in shallow waters. The researchers also analyzed levels of variations in carbon in the sediment and found that the sediment likely came from an anoxic, or low-oxygen, environment. 

Those conditions are characteristic of the deep ocean floor. By looking at rock layers above where the fossil was deposited outside of what is today Budapest, the researchers were also able to show that the squid probably couldn’t have survived in the shallower seas of the time. The shallow-sea deposits showed very high levels of a particular plankton that blooms in low-salt, high-nutrient environments — conditions that modern-day vampire squid can’t tolerate. 

(Researchers from the Monterey Bay Research Institute discovered that while lurking in the deep sea, these squid don’t behave like the nightmare predators their name suggests; rather, they wait in their dark habitats for crumbs of organic matter to flutter down. Then, they capture those bits with mucus-covered suckers, MBARI found.)

Adapting to the deep 

The new research, published Thursday (Feb. 18) in the journal Communications Biology, hints at how vampire squid ancestors learned to live where other squids couldn’t. Looking deeper in the fossil record, the oldest fossils from this group of squid are found in the Jurassic period, between 201 million and 174 million years ago, Košťák said, and they are typically found in anoxic sediments. 

“The major differences is that these oxygen-depleted conditions were established in the shelf, [a] shallow water environment,” he said. “This means that the ancestors were inhabitants of shallow-water environs, but they were already adapted to low-oxygen conditions.” 

There’s a gap in the fossil record in the Lower Cretaceous, starting about 145 million years ago. The squid may have already shifted to the deeper ocean by this point, Košťák said, primed by their experiences with anoxic conditions in the Jurassic. This deep-water lifestyle might explain why the squid survived the crisis that killed the nonavian dinosaurs at the end of the Cretaceous period, he added.

The deep-living squid from 30 million years ago helps link recent history with the deep past, Košťák said. He and his colleagues are now attempting to make similar connections for cuttlefish, a group of cute, color-changing cephalopods whose origins are similarly murky.

Originally published on Live Science.

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