FTX founder Sam Bankman-Fried (2nd L) is led away handcuffed by officers of the Royal Bahamas Police Force in Nassau, Bahamas on December 13, 2022.
Mario Duncanson | AFP | Getty Images
FTX founder and former CEO Sam Bankman-Fried will no longer contest extradition to the U.S., an about-face just days after he was remanded to Bahamian jail pending a hearing, a person familiar with the matter told CNBC.
The former crypto billionaire will appear in Bahamian court this Monday to formally waive his extradition rights, paving the way for federal authorities to secure his return to the U.S.
Extradition between the Bahamas and the U.S. is codified by a 1991 treaty. In practice, the process takes months, if not years, to complete because the accused have numerous chances to appeal. Bankman-Fried’s legal team had initially said that it planned to fight extradition. The change of heart would move up the timeline for Bankman-Fried’s federal trial significantly.
The 30-year-old MIT graduate was originally scheduled for his next hearing in February 2023.
A representative for Bankman-Fried declined to comment.
Bankman-Fried was indicted in New York federal court on Monday, on charges of wire fraud, securities fraud, conspiracy to defraud the United States, and money laundering. If sentenced, he could face the rest of his life in prison. The former FTX CEO also faces concurrent charges from the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission over similar allegations that he worked to defraud FTX customers of billions of dollars since 2019, the year the exchange was founded.
At the heart of Bankman-Fried’s empire was Alameda Research, a crypto hedge fund that federal regulators allege used FTX customer money to engage in trading which lost billions of dollars.
FTX’s collapse was precipitated when reporting by CoinDesk revealed a highly concentrated position in self-issued FTT coins, which Bankman-Fried’s hedge fund Alameda Research used as collateral for billions in crypto loans. Binance, a rival exchange, announced it would sell its stake in FTT, spurring a massive withdrawal in funds. The company froze assets and declared bankruptcy days later. Charges from the SEC and CFTC indicated that FTX had commingled customer funds with Bankman-Fried’s crypto hedge fund, Alameda Research, and that billions in customer deposits had been lost along the way.
Binance chief executive Changpeng “CZ” Zhao dismissed concerns that his company could have $2.1 billion clawed back as a result of FTX’s bankruptcy proceedings, in an appearance on Squawk Box Thursday morning, and told CNBC that he trusted his lawyers to handle the proceedings.
CNBC’S Andrew Ross Sorkin and Becky Quick pressed Zhao on whether he expected to be able to return that $2.1 billion payment from FTX, which Binance earned when it exited its 2019 Series A investment with FTX, to bankruptcy trustees who will be looking to claw back any fraudulent conveyances made by FTX to outside businesses or investors.
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“Would you be able to handle it if somebody asked you for $2.1 billion back,” CNBC’s Becky Quick asked him.
“We are financially okay,” Zhao said, evading a straight answer.
If bankruptcy proceedings can establish that a payment was made through proceedings of fraud or that an individual should have reasonably known that a payment was fraudulent, any beneficiary in a two-year lookback window can have their gains clawed back by the trustee.
“Are you prepared to send that money to them?” Sorkin asked Zhao.
“I think we’ll leave that to the lawyers. I think our legal team is perfectly capable of handling it,” Zhao responded before attempting to pivot away to FTX’s well-documented spending habits.
Zhao told Sorkin that the repayment was a combination of BUSD, BNB, and FTT tokens. Zhao claimed that the FTT portion of the repayment was significant but that the company had “forgotten” about it.
oversaw one of the biggest financial frauds in American history, a top federal prosecutor said in charging that the former chief executive stole billions of dollars from the crypto exchange’s customers while misleading investors and lenders.
An indictment by the U.S. attorney’s office for the Southern District of New York, unsealed Tuesday, charges Mr. Bankman-Fried with eight counts of fraud. Prosecutors allege that he took FTX.com customers’ money to pay the expenses and debts of Alameda Research, an affiliated trading firm. Mr. Bankman-Fried is charged as well with conspiring to defraud the U.S. and violate campaign-finance rules by making illegal political contributions.
Damian Williams,
the U.S. attorney for the Southern District of New York, said he authorized the charges against Mr. Bankman-Fried last Wednesday and a grand jury voted on the indictment Friday.
“This investigation is very much ongoing, and it is moving very quickly,” Mr. Williams said at a press conference in Manhattan on Tuesday. “While this is our first public announcement, it will not be our last.”
John J. Ray III, the new chief executive of FTX, testified in front of a House committee Tuesday on the collapse of the crypto exchange. Photo: Nathan Howard/Getty Images
Separately, John J. Ray III, the new chief executive of FTX, said at a congressional hearing Tuesday that FTX incurred losses in excess of $7 billion. Mr. Ray, who oversaw the Enron Corp. bankruptcy early in the 2000s decade, said funds were taken from FTX and Alameda, an affiliated trading firm that incurred trading losses.
Mr. Ray described Enron as having been brought down by sophisticated people whose machinations aimed to keep transactions secret. FTX presents as “old-fashioned embezzlement,” Mr. Ray said. “It’s taking money from customers and using it for your own purpose.”
Also Tuesday, the Securities and Exchange Commission alleged in a civil lawsuit that Mr. Bankman-Fried diverted customer funds from the start of FTX to support Alameda and to make venture investments, real-estate purchases and political donations. The Commodity Futures Trading Commission filed a lawsuit Tuesday linking his allegedly fraudulent conduct at Alameda and FTX to markets that the CFTC regulates.
“
Sam Bankman-Fried
built a house of cards on a foundation of deception while telling investors that it was one of the safest buildings in crypto,” SEC Chair
Gary Gensler
said.
The charges are the latest twist in a saga that has rattled the world of cryptocurrencies, a largely unregulated market that boomed during the pandemic but has been hammered this year by rising interest rates and the failure of several significant industry players.
FTX, one of the largest crypto exchanges in the world, filed for bankruptcy last month after the firm ran out of cash and a merger with rival Binance collapsed. The firm’s failure marked a sudden fall from grace for Mr. Bankman-Fried, who portrayed FTX as a safer crypto exchange to use and cast himself as an ally of regulation.
In interviews since the filing, Mr. Bankman-Fried said he bore responsibility for FTX’s collapse but denied he committed any fraud.
Mark Cohen,
a lawyer for Mr. Bankman-Fried, said Tuesday that his client “is reviewing the charges with his legal team and considering all of his legal options.”
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Mr. Bankman-Fried, 30 years old, was arrested Monday in the Bahamas. He appeared in court Tuesday in Nassau. He was denied bail and has been remanded to jail until Feb. 8, according to a person familiar with the matter.
A U.S. court official said that while the case had been assigned to a federal judge in Manhattan, there was no timing yet for Mr. Bankman-Fried’s extradition.
The tales of Mr. Bankman-Fried’s alleged misdeeds resonated with crypto customers around the world, even those who haven’t suffered significant losses as various firms by turns suspended withdrawals and collapsed.
Vasco Tagachi, a 42-year-old Portuguese-Sri Lankan trader based in China, said he felt a sigh of relief after learning of Mr. Bankman-Fried’s arrest. He said he had $57,423 in an FTX account this fall but was able to withdraw almost all of it just before the firm stopped honoring withdrawal requests.
“I had a little bit of tears in my eyes hearing that,” he said.
Prosecutors allege that from 2019 through November 2022, Mr. Bankman-Fried conspired with unnamed individuals to defraud customers and lenders. He provided false and misleading information to lenders on the financial condition of Alameda, according to the indictment.
Sam Bankman-Fried was arrested in the Bahamas on Monday, a day before he was expected to testify on the sudden collapse of FTX before the House Committee on Financial Services. Illustration: Jacob Reynolds
While the 14-page indictment was light on detailed allegations, it says that on Sept. 18, 2022, Mr. Bankman-Fried caused an email to be sent to an FTX investor in New York that contained false information about FTX’s financial condition. In June 2022, the indictment says, Mr. Bankman-Fried and others misappropriated FTX.com customer deposits to satisfy the loan obligations of Alameda.
Mr. Bankman-Fried is also accused of defrauding the Federal Election Commission starting in 2020 by conspiring with others to make illegal contributions to candidates and political committees in the names of other people.
He and his associates contributed more than $70 million to election campaigns in recent years, The Wall Street Journal previously reported. He personally made $40 million in donations ahead of the 2022 midterm elections, most of which went to Democrats and liberal-leaning groups.
Mr. Ray, the FTX CEO, said FTX is investigating whether any loans taken by FTX executives were improperly used for campaign contributions.
Mr. Ray added that tracing fund flows from FTX to executives and third parties was difficult because of the lack of a paper trail for many corporate transactions at FTX.
“We’re dealing with a paperless bankruptcy,” he said. “It makes it very difficult to trace and track assets.”
The CFTC’s complaint contains a detailed discussion of events at Alameda and FTX and argues that the agency, generally less visible to the public than the SEC, also has jurisdiction over the case. While the CFTC regulates U.S. derivatives markets, it can go after fraud that affects some commodity markets.
Besides giving Alameda access to its customer deposits, FTX granted the crypto hedge fund controlled by Mr. Bankman-Fried a series of trading-execution privileges that provided it an edge against other traders on the platform, the CFTC lawsuit alleges.
The CFTC said that while institutional customers had their orders routed through the FTX system, Alameda was able “to bypass certain portions of the system and gain faster access.” It resulted in Alameda’s orders being received by FTX several milliseconds faster than those of other institutional clients.
The lawsuit also alleges that Alameda wasn’t subject to certain automated verification processes, including on whether it had available funds before executing a transaction, giving it further advantage on the speed of its trades.
The edge wasn’t enough to keep Mr. Bankman-Fried from thinking about shutting down Alameda in September, according to the CFTC complaint.
In a document titled “We came, we saw, we researched,” Mr. Bankman-Fried laid out reasons for shutting down Alameda, according to the CFTC lawsuit. Chief among them: Alameda wasn’t making enough money to justify its existence, he wrote.
The CFTC said the statements contradicted what Mr. Bankman-Fried and Alameda were saying publicly at the time.
Tuesday’s congressional hearing was the first public appearance for Mr. Ray on FTX’s bankruptcy. Mr. Bankman-Fried had been scheduled to appear virtually at the same hearing, before he was arrested in the Bahamas at the request of the U.S. government. Bahamian police have said that they would keep him in custody and that they are awaiting an extradition order from U.S. authorities.
“The operation of Alameda really depended, based on the way it was operated, on the use of customer funds,” Mr. Ray said, responding to questions from members of Congress at the hearing. “There were virtually no internal controls…whatsoever.”
He described numerous loans totaling billions of dollars taken out by Mr. Bankman-Fried from Alameda.
“We have no information at this time as to what purpose or use of those funds were,” Mr. Ray added. He said Mr. Bankman-Fried had signed as the issuer and recipient for some of the loans.
Mr. Ray pushed back against recent statements made by Mr. Bankman-Fried that he had little to no involvement in the management of Alameda after passing control of the company to
Caroline Ellison
and
Sam Trabucco,
as well as Mr. Bankman-Fried’s statements that customer funds were passed to Alameda because of an accounting error.
“I don’t find those statements to be credible,” Mr. Ray said.
The Justice Department’s indictment of Mr. Bankman-Fried includes an array of charges with few supporting details, a tactic that could give federal prosecutors flexibility in navigating the rules involving extradition.
The charges against Mr. Bankman-Fried run the gamut from wire fraud to securities fraud conspiracy to conspiring to launder money and conspiring to break campaign-finance laws.
The statutes charged, with the exception of the campaign-finance offense, are enormously broad, said Rebecca Mermelstein, a former federal prosecutor who is now at O’Melveny & Myers LLP.
“By not being superspecific, you protect yourself later against an argument that charges relating to different criminal conduct are being added,” she said.
The arrest of Mr. Bankman-Fried is the latest case to highlight prosecutors’ push to bring white-collar cases to justice faster.
Deputy U.S. Attorney General Lisa Monaco said in a September speech that making prosecutors and companies feel that they were “on the clock” in these cases was a key priority for the department.
FTX founder Sam Bankman-Fried sat down with The Wall Street Journal to discuss what happened to the billions of dollars deposited by the exchange’s customers. Photo: Kenny Wassus/The Wall Street Journal
“We need to do more and move faster,” she said. “In individual prosecutions, speed is of the essence.”
Former federal prosecutors say that high-profile financial cases with lots of victims can increase the pressure on authorities to bring cases more quickly.
“Appearances matter when it comes to criminal justice,” said Mark Chutkow, a former federal prosecutor who is currently head of government investigations and corporate compliance at Dykema Gossett PLLC.
If Mr. Bankman-Fried remains in the Bahamas while the details of his potential extradition to the U.S. are worked out, there is only one prison there: the Bahamas Department of Correctional Services, commonly known as Fox Hill Prison.
Prison inmates reported removing human waste by buckets and developing bed sores from lying on the bare ground, according to a 2021 human-rights report on the Bahamas by the U.S. State Department. Cells were infested with rats, maggots and insects, the report said.
Inmates are supposed to get an hour every day outside for exercise. Because of staff shortages and overcrowding, there are times when inmates will only get 30 minutes a week, said Romona Farquharson, an attorney in the Bahamas.
The prison has different sections that separate those serving terms for violent crimes, for instance, from those who aren’t. Because of overcrowding, there have been instances in which inmates awaiting trial for minor crimes have been sent to the maximum-security facility, said Ms. Farquharson.
“I think they’ve got to be careful not to have him in really rough areas in the prison,” she said.
—Angel Au-Yeung, Ben Foldy and Hannah Miaocontributed to this article.
Write to Corinne Ramey at corinne.ramey@wsj.com, James Fanelli at james.fanelli@wsj.com, Dave Michaels at dave.michaels@wsj.com, Alexander Saeedy at alexander.saeedy@wsj.com and Vicky Ge Huang at vicky.huang@wsj.com
Jesse Powell, CEO of cryptocurrency exchange Kraken, sits for a photograph at the company’s San Francisco office in 2014.
David Paul Morris | Bloomberg via Getty Images
Kraken, one of the world’s largest crypto exchanges, is laying off about 30% of its headcount, or 1,100 people, “in order to adapt to current market conditions,” co-founder and CEO Jesse Powell said Wednesday.
Powell wrote in a blog post that slowing growth, prompted by “macroeconomic and geopolitical factors,” had muted customer demand, lowered trading volumes and cut sign-ups.
“We had to grow fast, more than tripling our workforce in order to provide those clients with the quality and service they expect of us,” Powell said. “This reduction takes our team size back to where it was only 12 months ago.”
“I remain extremely bullish on crypto and Kraken,” Powell added.
Crypto exchanges have been buffeted by withdrawals and regulatory scrutiny after the implosion of FTX. Sam Bankman-Fried’s crypto empire filed for bankruptcy on Nov. 28 and has shed several hundred employees in the restructuring process.
Barry Silbert’s Digital Currency Group laid off about 13% of its staff in November. Crypto.com laid off 2,000 employees in October.
Kraken said it will offer 16 weeks of compensation as severance and will extend the affected employees’ vesting window.
Correction: This story has been updated to reflect that Kraken announced it is laying off 1,100 workers. A previous headline gave an incorrect number.
A research paper published at Harvard University is advocating that central banks should buy bitcoin
BTCUSD,
+2.41%
as a hedge against sanctions by other countries.
The paper, titled “Hedging Sanctions Risk: Cryptocurrency in Central Bank Reserves,” was authored by Ph.D. candidate Matthew Ferranti from Harvard’s economics department, and likens central banks’ gold reserves to potential bitcoin holdings.
Ferranti points out that central banks in countries across the globe should look into holding bitcoin as a hedge against possible financial sanctions. He gives the example of the unprecedented financial sanctions levied against Russia by the U.S. and many western nations following its invasion of Ukraine — billions in Russian assets were frozen after the Ukraine war began.
“Sanctions risk may diminish the appeal of U.S. Treasuries, propel broader diversification in central bank reserves, and bolster the long-run fundamental value of both cryptocurrency and gold,” Ferranti writes.
In the paper, Ferranti says El Salvador is a model for central banks owning bitcoin. The country, headed by bitcoin bull Nayib Bukele, has purchased millions of dollars worth of the crypto and has even made bitcoin an official national currency.
See also: ‘We just bought the dip’: El Salvador expands bitcoin holdings
Since the inception of popular cryptos like bitcoin and ether
ETHUSD,
+3.74%,
part of its appeal has been the lack of involvement from central banks, in favor of the decentralized nature of the digital asset.
In the wake of the recent crypto winter and collapse of popular crypto exchange FTX, as well as financial issues for crypto companies Voyager and Celsius, some crypto bulls have called for increased regulation and transparency for the industry.
The paper comes after FTX struggled with liquidity issues in November, eventually leading to a bankruptcy filing. Sam Bankman-Fried resigned as CEO and later apologized for the collapse of his former company.
See: Why do people invest in crypto? ‘It’s partly fraud and partly delusion,’ says Charlie Munger.
Also see: Tom Brady, Steph Curry and Kevin O’Leary set to lose big from FTX bankruptcy filing
Bitcoin’s price is down over 70% over the past year, and the price for ether is also down over 70% over the same period. The total market cap for all crypto nearly hit $3 trillion during parts of 2021, but is now around $800 billion.
said it fired three of the founder’s top deputies.
Gary Wang, an FTX co-founder and its chief technology officer; FTX engineering director Nishad Singh; and Caroline Ellison, who ran Mr. Bankman-Fried’s trading arm, Alameda Research, were terminated from those roles after FTX tapped
John J. Ray
to oversee the companies’ bankruptcy, an FTX spokeswoman said late Friday.
Mr. Bankman-Fried resigned on Nov. 11, when FTX filed for bankruptcy. He was replaced by Mr. Ray, a veteran restructuring executive who once oversaw the liquidation of Enron Corp.
FTX and Alameda sought protection from creditors after executives at both businesses revealed that FTX had lent billions of dollars worth of customer assets to Alameda to plug a funding gap, The Wall Street Journal previously reported. In a Thursday court filing, Mr. Ray highlighted numerous failings, including “the concentration of control in the hands of a very small group of inexperienced, unsophisticated and potentially compromised individuals.”
On a Nov. 9 video call with Alameda employees, Ms. Ellison said that she, along with Messrs. Bankman-Fried, Wang and Singh, were aware of the decision to send customer money to the trading firm, the Journal previously reported.
The four executives also comprised the board of what they called the Future Fund, a philanthropic arm charged with making grants to nonprofits and investments in “socially-impactful companies.”
Messrs. Bankman-Fried, Wang and Singh all owned stakes in at least some of the FTX companies, according to Mr. Ray’s court filing.
“Mr. Bankman-Fried ultimately agreed to resign, resulting in my appointment as the debtors’ CEO,” Mr. Ray wrote in the filing. “I was delegated all corporate powers and authority under applicable law, including the power to appoint independent directors and commence these Chapter 11 cases on an emergency basis.”
Write to Justin Baer at justin.baer@wsj.com and Hannah Miao at hannah.miao@wsj.com
Customers pulled funds from Crypto.com over the weekend after the company’s chief executive said the cryptocurrency exchange mishandled a roughly $400 million transaction.
Crypto.com Chief Executive
Kris Marszalek
said on Twitter that the transfer was sent to the wrong type of account on another exchange. The transfer of a large chunk of ether, a popular cryptocurrency, took place on Oct. 21, but came to light after Twitter users flagged the transfer as unusual, based on publicly available blockchain transaction records.
Concerns about Singapore-based Crypto.com spread across the internet over the weekend, with prominent digital-currency figures taking aim at the company. Cryptocurrency traders are on edge following the quick collapse of FTX, which went from one of the most trusted exchanges to bankrupt in the course of a week.
Changpeng Zhao,
chief executive at Crypto.com’s larger peer Binance, appeared to question the nature of the transfers without naming the company, which may have fueled Sunday’s withdrawals, according to crypto industry players. “If an exchange [has] to move large amounts of crypto before or after they demonstrate their wallet addresses, it is a clear sign of problems,” Mr. Zhao tweeted Sunday.
The value of Crypto.com’s own cryptocurrency sank roughly 20% Sunday from the prior 24 hours. It traded near 6 cents apiece.
Mr. Marszalek dismissed the concerns about Crypto.com, tweeting later on Sunday that the October transfers had “generated so much [fear, uncertainty and doubt] & speculation on Twitter” weeks later.
A spokesman for Crypto.com said that the platform was seeing higher levels of activity, noting that it had assets fully matching customer deposits. “Fluctuations in deposit and withdrawal activity does not affect our levels of service,” he added.
An outside analysis of Crypto.com’s public blockchain from Argus Inc., a blockchain analysis firm, showed that between 7 p.m. EST Saturday and 5:30 a.m. EST Sunday, users withdrew a net $14 million worth of the cryptocurrency ether and $39 million worth of other tokens tied to the Ethereum network from Crypto.com. Over that same time, Crypto.com moved $33 million from other wallets to meet customer demands, according to Argus.
It appeared that Crypto.com had enough funds to meet user withdrawals, said Owen Rapaport, co-founder of Argus.
Crypto.com is a midsize exchange. It has tried to raise its profile over the past year among retail investors. In late 2021, it sponsored the arena that is home to LeBron James and the Los Angeles Lakers, renaming it the Crypto.com Arena from the Staples Center. It also ran its first Super Bowl ad this year and is a global partner of Formula One.
The transaction that sparked concerns about Crypto.com involved the transfer of 320,000 ether—or roughly $400 million worth of the token at the time—to a wallet linked to crypto exchange Gate.io on Oct. 21.
Over the weekend, Mr. Marszalek said on Twitter that the transfer was supposed to be a “move to a new cold storage address,” but was sent to an external exchange address.
“We have since strengthened our process and systems to better manage these internal transfers,” he said on Twitter.
A cold storage address is a type of wallet that is unplugged from the internet. It is considered the safest way to prevent digital currencies from being stolen or hacked.
Mr. Marszalek said the company had worked with Gate.io to return the funds back to its cold storage.
“It’s not looking good for these guys in general,” tweeted Adam Cochran, founder of venture-capital firm Cinneamhain Ventures, which invests in blockchain-related companies.
After FTX’s troubles began last week, a number of cryptocurrency exchanges, including Crypto.com, promised to publish proof of their reserves in the spirit of transparency. The audited proofs allow users to check that their own assets are covered by an exchange’s reserves.
Write to Caitlin Ostroff at caitlin.ostroff@wsj.com and Elaine Yu at elaine.yu@wsj.com
FTX CEO Sam Bankman-Fried appeared at a Senate committee hearing earlier this year on cryptocurrencies.
Photo:
Sarah Silbiger/Bloomberg News
Alameda Research’s chief executive and senior FTX officials knew that FTX had lent its customers’ money to Alameda to help it meet its liabilities, according to people familiar with the matter.
Alameda’s troubles helped lead to the bankruptcy of FTX, the crypto exchange founded by
Sam Bankman-Fried.
Alameda is a trading firm also founded and owned by Mr. Bankman-Fried.
In a video meeting with Alameda employees late Wednesday Hong Kong time, Alameda CEO
Caroline Ellison
said that she, Mr. Bankman-Fried and two other FTX executives,
Nishad Singh
and
Gary Wang,
were aware of the decision to send customer funds to Alameda, according to people familiar with the video. Mr. Singh was FTX’s director of engineering and a former Facebook employee. Mr. Wang, who previously worked at Google, was the chief technology officer of FTX and co-founded the exchange with Mr. Bankman-Fried.
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Alameda faced a barrage of demands from lenders after crypto hedge fund Three Arrows Capital collapsed in June, creating losses for crypto brokers such as
Voyager Digital Ltd.
, the people said.
Ms. Ellison said on the call that FTX used customer money to help Alameda meet its liabilities, the people said.
On Friday, FTX, Alameda, FTX US and other FTX affiliates filed for bankruptcy protection.
Bankruptcy means that it could be a long time before individual investors and others owed their funds are able to potentially recover any of them, if ever.
Ms. Ellison didn’t return a phone message and an email seeking comment. Messrs. Singh and Wang didn’t respond to multiple messages seeking comment. Ryne Miller, FTX US’s chief legal officer, declined to comment.
Cryptocurrency platform FTX filed for chapter 11 on Friday and CEO Sam Bankman-Fried resigned. WSJ’s Vicky Ge Huang explains what happened to the company and what this could mean for investors. Photo: Olivier Douliery/AFP
Write to Dave Michaels at dave.michaels@wsj.com, Elaine Yu at elaine.yu@wsj.com and Caitlin Ostroff at caitlin.ostroff@wsj.com
FTX said it is investigating abnormalities with wallet movements.
Photo:
DADO RUVIC/REUTERS
Bankrupt cryptocurrency exchange FTX is probing a potential hack and asked customers to stay off the FTX website, the company said. More than $400 million worth of crypto funds appears to be missing, according to crypto analytics firm Elliptic Enterprises Ltd.
The potential hack occurred Friday after FTX filed for bankruptcy. Ryne Miller, FTX US’s general counsel, said in a Saturday tweet that FTX and FTX US had started moving all digital assets to cold storage—crypto wallets that aren’t connected to the internet—after the bankruptcy filing.
FTX is “investigating abnormalities with wallet movements related to the consolidation of FTX balances across exchanges,” Mr. Miller said on Twitter. He called the movements unauthorized transactions and said the facts are still unclear. FTX will “share more info as soon as we have it,” he said.
A post in the exchange’s official Telegram channel called the fund flows a hack.
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Approximately $473 million in crypto assets appeared to be taken from FTX without permission, according to
Tom Robinson,
co-founder of Elliptic. The tokens were quickly converted to ether, the second-largest cryptocurrency, on so-called decentralized exchanges.
Such platforms process transactions automatically, making them popular among hackers to prevent funds from being seized, he said.
—Caitlin Ostroff contributed to this article.
Write to Elaine Yu at elaine.yu@wsj.com and Vicky Ge Huang at vicky.huang@wsj.com
Beleaguered cryptocurrency platform FTX filed for bankruptcy protection Friday, and Chief Executive
Sam Bankman-Fried
resigned.
FTX and a bevy of affiliates said they had more than 100,000 creditors and tens of billions of dollars in assets and liabilities. It is the largest crypto-related bankruptcy ever, and a demise remarkable for its swiftness as well as its size.
Just a week ago, FTX was an industry titan, and Mr. Bankman-Fried its smiling public face. In January, FTX raised money from Silicon Valley’s most sophisticated investors, at a valuation of $32 billion. A few weeks ago, Mr. Bankman-Fried was publicly musing about raising more, to get even bigger.
That is all gone. The bankruptcy will likely wipe out billions of equity value, leaving investors including Sequoia Capital and Thoma Bravo with stiff losses. It will maroon the crypto and cash deposits belonging to a legion of customers. FTX faces investigations or asset freezes from regulators and prosecutors around the world.
It has also rattled the crypto world. Crypto lender BlockFi, which had obtained a financial lifeline from FTX in July—one of several companies FTX had rescued earlier in the year—paused withdrawals Thursday evening.
Among the affiliates filing for bankruptcy protection is FTX US, a smaller unit that operated in the U.S. Most of FTX’s business was offshore. FTX and its affiliates filed in federal bankruptcy court in Delaware, where the U.S. unit is registered.
Thursday morning, Mr. Bankman-Fried said the troubles at FTX were confined to its international operations. He tweeted that FTX US “was not financially impacted” and that “every user could fully withdraw.” Later that day, FTX US said it might stop trading. On Friday, FTX US filed for bankruptcy along with the rest of FTX.
Bitcoin slipped after the announcement to trade near $16,500.
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At issue in the bankruptcy proceedings and the investigations is to determine what happened to the billions that FTX raised, that its customers deposited, and that it earned from operating what appeared—for a time—to be a successful cryptocurrency exchange.
FTX in 2021 also paid $250 million—a quarter of its revenue that year—to a “related party” for software royalties, according to documents viewed by The Wall Street Journal.
Mr. Bankman-Fried wrote on Twitter roughly an hour after the bankruptcy announcement that he was “shocked to see things unravel the way they did earlier this week.”
FTX’s troubles began last weekend, after rival exchange Binance said it would sell its holdings of an FTX equity-like token—spooked by a CoinDesk report showed the depth of the relationship between FTX and Alameda.
John J. Ray
III has been named the new CEO of FTX Group, the company said. The bankruptcy filing includes FTX Trading Ltd., the company presiding over the global trading website FTX.com, and Alameda Research, a trading firm founded by Mr. Bankman-Fried, in addition to FTX US.
Mr. Ray was chairman of Enron Corp.’s successor company, Enron Creditors Recovery Corp., and oversaw the energy-trading company’s liquidation after it filed for bankruptcy in late 2001. The recovery rate for Enron creditors as of 2008 was about 52 cents on the dollar, the company said at the time. Mr. Ray’s successes included securing a $1.7 billion settlement with
Citigroup
in 2008. He had accused the bank of helping Enron mislead investors.
Other noteworthy bankruptcy cases in which Mr. Ray served in similar roles include Nortel Networks Inc., Fruit of the Loom and
Overseas Shipholding Group Inc.
In the petition, Mr. Bankman-Fried said that
Stephen Neal
would be appointed as the chairman of the board of FTX Group if he is willing to serve. He also said that he is being advised by the law firm Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison LLP.
FTX is the latest in a string of crypto companies seeking bankruptcy protection this year.
Photo:
Leon Neal/Getty Images
Bankruptcy means that it could be a long time before retail traders and others owed their funds are able to potentially recover any of them, if ever. Creditors to Mt. Gox, the Japanese crypto exchange that failed following a 2014 hack, are still waiting for their funds almost a decade later.
The collapse in digital-currency prices earlier this year triggered a rash of crypto-related bankruptcy filings, including Celsius Network LLC,
Voyager Digital Ltd.
and Three Arrows Capital.
Crypto investors may be confronted with an uphill battle to get their crypto deposits back in bankruptcy proceedings because their investments are likely to be treated as unsecured claims without collateral rights.
FTX’s bankruptcy also calls into question the fate of Voyager Digital. In September, the firm won the auction to buy the bankrupt lender’s assets with a purchase price of about $50 million, The Wall Street Journal has reported.
Voyager said Friday that the firm has reopened the bidding process for the company and is in active discussions with potential buyers. Voyager said it didn’t transfer any assets to FTX US, which previously submitted a $5 million good-faith deposit as part of the auction process. The funds are held in escrow, according to Voyager.
Voyager also recalled loans from Alameda Research for 6,500 bitcoin and 50,000 ether. The company currently has no loans outstanding with any borrower, it said. However, Voyager had about $3 million worth of cryptocurrencies stuck on FTX at the time of its bankruptcy filing.
—Jonathan Weil
contributed to this article.
Write to Caitlin Ostroff at caitlin.ostroff@wsj.com and Alexander Gladstone at alexander.gladstone@wsj.com
Corrections & Amplifications Sam Bankman-Fried said he is being advised by the law firm Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison LLP. An earlier version of this article incorrectly said FTX was being advised by the law firm. (Corrected on Nov. 11)
