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Anne Heche’s father raped her, her brother committed suicide and her mom disowned her

Troubled actress Anne Heche’s life has been beset with pain and heartache, even before her fiery car crash in California on Friday.

On August 5, Heche was involved in multiple car crashes, first slamming into a garage at an apartment building, then careering into a home in her blue Mini Cooper leaving her ‘severely burned’ and ‘intubated’ in a Los Angeles hospital.  

Before the star was born, her sister, Cynthia, died from a heart defect at two months old. Things steadily went from bad to worse. 

Her family constantly moved as their father struggled to provide for the family. Born in Ohio, Heche and her transient family would move to southern New Jersey, back to Ohio and finally to Chicago during her adolescence. 

In 1983, her father, Donald, became one of the first people in the United States to be diagnosed with AIDS, which was how his family came to learn that the Baptist minister and choir director had been living a secret homosexual life. 

According to Heche, her father never admitted to being gay. He died from the disease at the age of 45.

That same year, Heche’s 18-year-old brother, Nathan, crashed his car into a tree and was killed. That’s just scratching the surface of the actress’s tragic life. 

The Heche family, left to right, Nancy, Abigail, Nathan, Donald and Anne Heche

In her 2001 memoir, ‘Call Me Crazy,’ Heche disclosed that her father was a closeted homosexual who sexually molested her and gave her genital herpes. ‘He raped me… he fondled me, he put me on all fours and had sex with me,’ she wrote.

Heche also said that she feared for her life as she was worried that he transmitted the disease to her.

‘I think my father was a sexual addict. I think he saw everybody as a sexual being. But I think at that time he was living a very flamboyant homosexual lifestyle,’ she told Larry King in a 2001 interview. ‘You know, at that time there were bath houses where the whole trick was how many can you do a night. You know, there is no question of what he was doing at that time.’ 

Anne Heche says her relationship with her mother was strained even before the actress went public about her relationship with Ellen DeGeneres

Heche pictured attempting to escape a gurney as firefighters bring her to safety following her fiery crash on August 5

Three months after her father died, Heche’s brother, Nathan, was killed in a car crash after apparently falling asleep at the wheel and crashing into a tree. He was 18. 

Heche has said she believes he committed suicide. The Camden Courier-Post reported that Nathan was traveling along on a wet road when he careered into a tree. 

Following her brother and father’s death, her mother moved the family to Chicago. In an appearance on ‘Hollywood Medium,’ Heche said: ‘His death is the reason I moved from New Jersey to Chicago.’

Medium Tyler Henry claimed to have connected with Nathan saying: ‘He’s proud that you’ve been able to talk about these things and discuss these things, because you’re doing it for him too. And he appreciates that.’ 

Her sister, Susan Bergman, published her own memoir about their childhood in 1994 titled ‘Anonymity.’ Bergman died in 2006 at the age of 48 following a battle with brain cancer.

In the 1990s, even prior to her sister’s fame, Susan Bergman, the eldest of the Heche family, wrote a book about their father’s secret life as a homosexual 

In her book, Bergman spoke about her father’s clandestine life, saying the family found out he was a homosexual the same year he died. Bergman also said he was a talented musician but was ‘detached from reality,’ according to the Chicago Tribune. 

Bergman was a well-known writer who lectured at New York University, Northwestern University and the University of Notre Dame. 

She told the Tribune that her father was constantly chasing major business deals that often left the family destitute. 

‘I think I, and my sisters, started looking around for a real father in some ways,’ she said.

Heche said in her book that during her 20s, she had romantic affairs with much older men  such as comedian Steve Martin and Fleetwood Mac guitarist Lindsay Buckingham. In her book, Heche wrote about her thoughts of Martin saying: ‘Why couldn’t my father have been more like him?’  

In 2019, Bergman’s widower, Jud Bergman, was killed at 62 alongside his second wife, Mary Miller-Bergman, when the taxi they were traveling in was hit by a drunk driver. During the crash, Bergman was thrown from the car and died instantly.

Heche’s has expanded on her sister’s portrait of their family life in interviews over the years. 

In a 1998 interview, Heche told the Tampa Bay Times: ‘We never told the truth in our family – never told the truth about one thing.’

She went on: ‘We were poor, but we said we were rich. We were falling apart, but we said we were good Christians. We had a father who lived a double life, but we pretended that we were absolutely fine. We lived on the streets but said we didn’t. Everything we did was a lie. Denial, denial, denial.’ 

Speaking about her life in Chicago, Heche said: ‘My days were spent in school, my afternoons were spent working at Haagen-Dazs and other places and my evenings were spent holding my mother, who kept crying.’

She continued: ‘We lived in a one-room apartment. My mom tried to keep it together, but at night she would break down. I didn’t cry about their deaths until five years later when I moved out.’ 

Heche told the Advocate in a November 2001 interview saying: ‘My father was a schizophrenic. He lived two complete lives, one as a heterosexual man who directed the choir and had a family and one who went away. We didn’t know what he did until years later.’

Susan Bergam pictured on her sister’s Instagram page. Bergam died following a battle with brain cancer in 2005

Heche’s other sister, Abigail. She’s an Illinois-based jewelry designer. Heche said in an interview that she had rebuilt her relationship with her sister following a years long absence from each other’s lives 

In a 1998 interview with Allure, Heche said her father lived as a strict religious choir leader while cruising gay bars at night. 

She continued: ‘My father was doing things that are attributed to schizophrenia – big [business] deals, delusions of grandeur. Which I also had, so I know there’s a lot of connections with the insanity that I had with my father.’

Following an arrest in Fresno, California, when she was taken into custody for wandering on to private property in her underwear and began talking to children about taking them to heaven in a space ship, Heche described it as a ‘psychotic break’.

She told the Advocate: ‘I knew that I was sane. But I needed to go to a psychiatrist and a doctor and make my friends feel safe that I was sane.’ 

In response to Heche’s autobiography, her mother, Nancy, said: ‘I am trying to find a place for myself in this writing, a place where I as Anne’s mother do not feel violated or scandalized.’

Her sister, Susan, said she objected to not being consulted by Heche about her book.

Abigail Heche, a jewelry designer, said: ‘It is my opinion that my sister Anne truly believes, at this moment, what she has asserted about our father’s past behavior … [but] based on my experience and her own expressed doubts, I believe that her memories regarding our father are untrue.’ 

In order to cope with her alleged abuse, Heche said that she developed an alter-ego named Celestia. She told Barbara Walters in an interview about the persona saying: ‘I believed that I was from another planet. I think I was insane.’ 

Thanks to a role in a 2004 TV movie named ‘Gracie’s Choice,’ where Heche played an abusive alcoholic mother, she told the Los Angeles Times that she came to terms with the idea that her mother didn’t love her. 

Heche’s mother, Nancy, lectured for years on the ‘evils’ of homosexuality following her husband’s death in 1983

 

Nancy Heche pictured with her daughter, Abigail. In addition to her mother, Heche said her sister remained distant from her relationship with Ellen was made public

Speaking about how her mother seemingly ignored the abuse she faced from her father, Heche said: ‘I always wondered if my mother was conscious – if you can treat children that way and still love them.’

She said that she did not feel that it was possible to still love your children and to allow them to suffer. Heche added: ‘It was a relief to me to finally come to terms with this question.’   

In preparation for her role in the psychological thriller The Vanished, Heche said that she also used her real-life trauma as motivation: ‘The thing about mourning and loss is that you don’t have to do much research if you’ve experienced it on different levels, and I think we all have on different levels. This character, who loses her child, required a deep dive into the sorrow that I’ve been through in my life.’

She continued: ‘Unfortunately, there have been multiple deaths in my family. So in order to pull off playing this role, I couldn’t hold back how deep that loss goes.’ 

Heche has long claimed that she was black listed in the early 2000s in the fallout from her public lesbian romance with Elle DeGeneres.  

She told the Guardian in 2000 about their relationship’s effect on her family life saying: ‘I was naive, hugely naive. I fell in love and I didn’t believe people would care. The Hollywood community and friends and family backed away.’

In the same interview, Heche said that her religious mother did not speak to her after the actress came out. She also said that the her two sisters remained distant from her. 

In 1998, Heche told the Tampa Bay Times that her mother believed that her lesbian relationship was a ‘sin.’ 

While Nancy Heche told the Christian Broadcasting Network that she felt her daughter’s relationship with Ellen DeGeneres was ‘Like a betrayal of an unspoken vow: We will never have anything to do with homosexuals.’ 

In a separate interview, Nancy told AL.com in a 2009 that she felt as though she didn’t handle her daughter coming out in 1997 well. She said: ‘I’m sorry I didn’t know how to deal with it well. God was giving me an opportunity. We had good moments of trying to connect. All of us were learning how to handle it. We loved each other; how do you live out that when you disagree?’

It took firefighters more than hour to put out the blaze caused by Heche crashing into the home in the Mar Vista section of Los Angeles on Friday

During the interview, Nancy said that she was an ‘advocate’ for ‘showing love and respect to the gay community.’ In the same year as the interview, Nancy was speaking at multiple homophobic conferences across the country.

Nancy also said that she found out her husband was a homosexual from his doctor. She said: ‘We fail. We betray each other. It’s a sad story. God had to teach me a lot. We’re to act out of our healing, not out of our woundedness. I was hurt and felt betrayed.’ 

She also downplayed any tension between her and her daughter saying that they have a ‘typical mother-daughter relationship.’ She said: ‘We connect and we don’t connect. That’s pretty typical. I have a growing relationship, a loving relationship with her. I love her.’ 

Heche admitted in a 2011 interview with the Daily Telegraph that she had recently begun to rebuild her relationship with her sister following a 20-year feud. The ‘I Know What You Did Last Summer’ star said: ‘She came out to visit last week, and we’re having a wonderful time in our friendship as we’ve gotten closer. We’ve both put our stuff behind us.’

In that interview, Heche said that she was still estranged from her mother. Heche said that when she called her mother to confront her once, she hung up after her mother said: ‘Jesus loves you, Anne.’

Heche said: ‘Forgiveness is a funny word for me. I’m OK with my mother living her life the way she wants to live it, and I’m OK with her not participating in my life the way I want to live it.’ 

In 2015, Nancy Heche conceded: ‘[Anne has] stopped talking to me. She made the decision to cut off communication.’ 

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Biden so committed to ‘keeping America weak,’ he deals with Saudis despite criticizing Khashoggi death

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President Biden is being disingenuous about his proclaimed commitment to international human rights in a way that simultaneously advances his apparent mission to weaken America’s global standing and domestic energy production, journalist and women’s rights activist Tammy Bruce told Fox News on Thursday.

Biden has shown his top priority as president is to “keep his own country as weak as possible,” Bruce said, amid rampant inflation, and energy sector turmoil observers say could be corrected with reversals of sweeping policy changes like the curbing of federal lands speculation.

Bruce noted Biden bristled at the suggestion he won’t address the death of Washington Post contributor Jamal Khashoggi – whom some claim was at the direction of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman al Saud – while he visits the kingdom in coming days:

BIDEN ABANDONED BY DEMS AS PRITZKER, NEWSOM ‘MEASURE THE DRAPES’ AT THE WHITE HOUSE

President Biden is slated to make his first trip since taking office to the oil-rich nation of Saudi Arabia in July. (Composite)

“I will bring up – I always bring up human rights. I always bring up human rights. But my position on Khashoggi has been so clear. If anyone doesn’t understand it in Saudi Arabia and anywhere else, then they haven’t been around for a while,” Biden said Thursday.

Bruce suggested Biden is speaking what he means about the slain Saudi-American journalist, but that he will ignore his concerns in pursuit of his political goals – which she added are not for the benefit of the United States:

PENNSYLVANIA GOV WOLF VETOES TRANSGENDER BILL AS GOP PROMISES FIGHT

“With Biden, everything is transactional. I believe that he meant that about Khashoggi. But now look at what he’s willing to do in order to keep America weak. He is willing to go to a place that is known to be a horrific abuser of human rights, because his priority is to keep his own country as weak as possible,” Bruce said.

“That speaks to the nature of Joe Biden in a way that I think should shock the conscience of everyone… We believe in human rights because we’re America. We’re not perfect. But when we talk about it, when we learn about it, when we care about it because we mean it.”

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Biden’s “transaction” in this case is to purchase oil from Riyadh so he can continue preventing the wealth of American energy resources to be utilized, in order to signal to his left flank that he is committed to their “Green New Deal” agenda.

“This is transactional. He now wants something from Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, even Russia; China, because it suits his purpose of keeping America in trouble,” Bruce said.

Bin Salman has denied any link to Khashoggi’s murder, telling the left-wing Atlantic magazine such an allegation “hurts me a lot.”

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Buffalo shooting suspect said he committed massacre ‘for the future of the White race’ in note apologizing to his family, affidavit says

“Gendron’s motive for the mass shooting was to prevent Black people from replacing white people and eliminating the white race, and to inspire others to commit similar attacks,” the complaint says.

The defendant made his first appearance in federal court Thursday morning before US Magistrate Judge H. Kenneth Schroeder Jr., who assigned a federal public defender after Gendron said he could not afford an attorney and had $32 in the bank.

Gendron waived his right to detention and probable cause hearings and was returned to the custody of the state — where he has been held on a slew of criminal charges, to which he has pleaded not guilty.

Along with the handwritten note, FBI agents found a receipt for a candy bar purchased at the Tops Friendly Market from March 8, when authorities believe he traveled to the store at least three times, the complaint says, making sketches of the store’s layout and counting the number of Black people who were there.

Just over two months later, on May 14, Gendron returned to the store, where authorities say he shot 13 people, who ranged in age from 20 to 86. Eleven were Black and two were White, Buffalo police said.

The federal charges announced Wednesday include 10 counts of hate crime resulting in death, three counts of hate crime involving bodily injury, 10 counts of use of a firearm to commit murder during and in relation to a violent crime, and three counts of use and discharge of a firearm during a violent crime, according to a criminal complaint.

The latter three counts carry a potential death sentence. But Attorney General Merrick Garland has put a temporary hold on federal executions for the department to review its policies and procedures. Asked if federal prosecutors would seek the death penalty, Garland said the families of the victims and survivors of the shooting would be consulted.

CNN has reached out to attorneys for Gendron for comment.

News of federal charges came Wednesday as Garland visited the site of the massacre and families of the victims.

“No one in this country should have to live in fear that they will go to work or shop at a grocery store and will be attacked by someone who hates them because of the color of their skin,” Garland said after meeting with family members.

CNN’s Sonia Moghe and Ray Sanchez contributed to this report.

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After Biden’s Taiwan remark, Blinken insists US ‘remains committed’ to One China policy

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Secretary of State Antony Blinken directly addressed the Biden administration’s stance on China and Taiwan on Thursday, after President Biden stated earlier in the week that he would take military action to defend Taiwan against China.

Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Wang Wenbin expressed “strong dissatisfaction and resolute opposition” to Biden’s comments, which the Biden administration has since taken steps to walk back. This continued on Thursday, when Blinken spoke before the Asia Society Policy Institute.

“Our approach has been consistent across decades and administrations,” the secretary of state said. “As the president has said, our policy has not changed. The United States remains committed to our One China policy, which is guided by the Taiwan Relations Act, the three joint communiques, the six assurances. We oppose any unilateral changes to the status quo from either side.”

The “One China policy” refers to the U.S. recognition of the People’s Republic of China as the sole legal government of China, but only acknowledges, without endorsing, Beijing’s claim that Taiwan is part of China.

US MILITARY WILL DEFEND TAIWAN ‘IF IT COMES TO THAT,’ BIDEN SAYS

The day after Biden made his comment, a reporter asked him if he was still considering military action. The president said he was not, and that the U.S. position of “strategic ambiguity” on Taiwan “has not changed at all,” according to Reuters.

Blinken went further on Thursday, spending a section of his speech on the administration’s policy on Taiwan.

BIDEN AT QUAD SUMMIT: US ‘STRATEGIC AMBIGUITY’ TOWARD TAIWAN AND CHINA HAS NOT CHANGED

“We do not support Taiwan independence, and we expect cross-strait differences to be resolved by peaceful means,” the secretary said.

As for working with Taiwan, Blinken said the U.S. “will continue to expand our cooperation with Taiwan on our many shared interests and values,” and “”deepen our economic ties consistent with our One China policy.”

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At the same time, Blinken recognized that Beijing has been cutting Taiwan off from other countries and international organizations. He said this is “deeply destabilizing” and could harm “the peace and stability of the Taiwan Strait.”

Regarding China, Blinken said the U.S. is “committed to intense diplomacy alongside intense competition” but will work with Beijing “where our interests come together,” on “priorities that demand that we work together for the good of our people and the good of the world.”

Fox News’ Tyler O’Neil contributed to this report.

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Twitter Says Committed to Elon Musk Buyout Even As He Wavers

  • Twitter said on Tuesday it plans to complete its $44 billion merger agreement with Elon Musk.
  • This is despite Musk’s apparent hesitation in recent days to go ahead with negotiations.
  • Both parties had agreed to rules that ensure the deal closes, including a clause that forces a completion.

Twitter said it plans to complete its $44 billion merger agreement with Elon Musk, even as the Tesla CEO appears to dither on the deal.

“Twitter is committed to completing the transaction on the agreed price and terms as promptly as practicable,” it said in a Securities and Exchange Commission filing published Tuesday night, referring to Musk’s offer to take the company private.

“We intend to close the transaction and enforce the merger agreement,” the board also told Bloomberg in a statement. A Twitter spokesperson declined to comment when approached by Insider.

On Tuesday, Musk put the brakes on negotiations, saying the buyout can’t proceed unless Twitter CEO Parag Agrawal proved that the platform has fewer than 5% fake accounts. Earlier that day Agrawal had said that “we aren’t perfect at catching spam.”

Musk also suggested a day earlier that he could renegotiate the deal at a lower price, Bloomberg reported. 

In response, Twitter on Tuesday evening published its account of how the deal was negotiated over several weeks with Musk. Twitter suggested that Musk did not make obvious efforts in finding out more about Twitter’s business, including the number of spam accounts on its platform, before offering to take Twitter private on April 25.

Twitter and Musk set out terms and conditions last month to ensure that both parties stick to closing the buyout deal, which is expected to end in October. Each side agreed to pay the other party a $1 billion penalty if they don’t honor the agreement.

Should negotiations look shaky, Twitter could also enact a “specific performance” clause to force Musk — through a lawsuit — to close the deal if there’s already financing in place and all conditions are met.

The company’s Tuesday filing raised the prospect that it could sue Musk and obtain a settlement from him, Reuters reported.

Twitter’s falling share price suggested that investors were convinced that Musk’s current buyout offer might fall through. It closed at $38.32 on Tuesday, almost 30% lower than Musk’s offer at $54.20 per share.



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Man committed after slayings shows up free in small SC town

COLUMBIA, S.C. (AP) — The last thing the family of two sisters slain in a tiny South Carolina town had heard about the man who confessed to killing them was that he was headed to a mental hospital in 2012 to be treated for schizophrenia so he could later be tried for murder.

For 10 years, they heard nothing. Then, a few months ago, friends started to call a son of one of the women with the news that they had seen Joseph Jermaine Brand around Kingstree, family attorney Lori Murray said.

Darren Tisdale, a son of the other sister and mayor of the town of 3,100, then began searching for Brand, spotting him just a couple of miles from where police said he confessed to shooting the two women in the head after breaking into their home in October 2010. Tisdale called prosecutors but got no answers.

“He executed two elderly women,” Murray said. “I can’t believe he isn’t a danger to the whole town just out walking around.”

Murray and the families of Naomi Johnson, 65, and her 74-year-old sister Thelma Haddock, gave the sparse court records they could find and other information to The Associated Press in advance of a news conference. Then they asked reporters for help.

“We need closure. I don’t know about you, but yesterday there was a big hole in my heart when I don’t have my mama on Mother’s Day,” Darren Tisdale said.

At the courthouse, a clerk said there was no record of Brand’s arrest or indictments for two counts of murder, armed robbery, first-degree burglary and a weapons charge. The records could not be found online either, although there were some court records still available in a file where the arrest warrants were kept. Other public records show Brand, 43, registered to vote from an assisted living home near Columbia in 2016. At one point, he also had a Facebook page.

That’s the only tangible piece of evidence about where Brand was until he showed up in Kingstree again. No one has given the family any explanation for why his charges just disappeared.

A judge’s order in 2012 said if Brand’s mental competency was restored, he was to be brought back to Williamsburg County and held without bond for his trial. Under the law, a prosecutor could seek 30 years to life in prison for Brand, with the possibility of a death penalty trial.

Prosecutors have promised to reinstate the charges and said they will ask a grand jury to indict Brand again at the end of the month, Murray said. Solicitor Chip Finney didn’t return a phone message or email from the AP. Neither did the assistant prosecutor who signed off on dropping the charges because of the competency problem or Brand’s public defender at the time.

A woman in Kingstree identifying herself as Brand’s grandmother hung up on an AP reporter Monday. No one responded to a message left at a telephone number listed for Brand’s mother.

Members of the sisters’ family said they had faith in the system, even when a call to Finney to check on the case in 2018 went unanswered. That was, until they saw Brand walking around free.

“It has been very hard on the whole family having to relive this event all over again,” the family said in a statement issued through their attorney. “We want justice for our mothers. We want closure for our families, we want Joseph Brand to pay for his crimes and we want answers as to how and why he was released without prosecution.”

And Tisdale added Monday “I hope Mr. Finney does what’s right.”

Brand lived a few doors down from Johnson and Haddock in 2010. He had moved to Kingstree to live with his father after a stint in a Nevada prison on charges of robbery, drugs and firing a gun out of a vehicle, according to legal records.

Brand came over to the sisters’ house and asked to spread pine straw for money. When they refused, Brand barged into the home, wrested a gun away from one of the sisters and shot them several times, including in the head, Williamsburg County deputies said.

Brand’s father found him walking aimlessly in the sisters’ front yard, investigators said. The father saw their door was open and poked his head in to apologize. That’s when he discovered the bodies.

Brand confessed to the killings, according to arrest warrants. But the records show that his mental problems kept him from being able to assist his attorney, prompting a judge to order a psychiatric evaluation. A psychiatrist’s report stated that Brand had schizophrenia and his thinking was completely disorganized. The report indicated that Brand refused to take his medicine and that if he did take it, his competency could be restored.

When asked his age after his arrest, Brand responded, “Seventy-nine in Islam years.” Then he said he was 34. One of the two psychiatrists who examined him corrected him, saying court records listed him as being 33. “And a half!” Brand yelled back, according to the report on his mental state.

When asked how he hoped his case would turn out, Brand, who once lived in Reno, Nevada, said he wanted “to return back to the biggest little city.”

“I want to return back to life as a rock star,” he said, according to the report.

Brand was first sent for temporary psychiatric treatment, but remained incompetent to stand trial, according to Circuit Judge Clifton Newman, who in November 2012 ordered him to be confined until he was better.

That’s where the paperwork trail ends, aside from the record of his registering to vote from the assisted living home in Blythewood in 2016. No one quite knows how Brand ended up back in Kingstree last year.

Murray said even though the solicitor has promised to bring the case before a grand jury, she is concerned about whether that will actually happen because it isn’t clear whether Brand was declared mentally competent. She said she still can’t get answers from Finney’s office.

“The charges are gone. The record is expunged. Mr. Brand is walking around as free as a jaybird,” Murray said.

State mental health officials said privacy laws prevent them from releasing any details of Brand’s treatment. But in a statement Monday, the Department of Mental Health said patients charged with crimes who need long-term care are committed by a probate judge and both that judge and prosecutors are informed when the patient no longer needs involuntary treatment.

Finney’s office told the family that investigators have been keeping an eye on Brand since they realized he was back in Kingstree, but Murray said that is little comfort. She worries now he may run since he knows a grand jury is going to hear the case again at the end of the month.

“He’s still out there,” Murray said. “And I think if there wasn’t any problem with the case, they could have brought him back in.”

___

Follow Jeffrey Collins on Twitter at https://twitter.com/JSCollinsAP.



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Canada Now Willing to Punish Crimes Committed on the Moon

Astronauts may now face criminal charges for crimes committed on the way to the Moon.
Photo: NASA/Bill Stafford

More than 50 years ago, Apollo astronauts left 96 bags of their own waste on the surface of the Moon. But they didn’t exactly fear getting hit with a fine for littering, as space—the Moon included—has been a largely lawless region. Canadian law makers are hoping to change that.

Canada amended its criminal code on Thursday to allow for the prosecution of crimes committed by Canadian astronauts during trips to the Moon or on the lunar surface itself. Foreign astronauts who threaten the life or security of a Canadian astronaut can also be punished by Canadian law, according to broadcaster CBC.

Canada’s criminal code had already included crimes committed by its astronauts aboard the International Space Station as punishable by law. But the recent amendment now accounts for the Canadian Space Agency’s participation in the upcoming Artemis program, through which NASA intends on sending people back to the Moon’s surface later this decade, and possibly as early as 2025.

The Artemis 2 mission, in which a crewed Orion capsule will travel to the Moon and back without landing, will include a Canadian astronaut. Canada is also contributing a robotic arm to the Lunar Gateway, a planned outpost in orbit around the Moon. The European Space Agency, as well as Japan’s Aerospace Exploration Agency, are also taking part in the Artemis program.

As these international collaborations take shape in the midst of an evolving industry, it has become more crucial to reconsider the laws currently in place when it comes to governing space. As it stands, space is loosely governed by the Outer Space Treaty of 1967, which was penned in light of the space race between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. The treaty hasn’t been updated since, and article six of the Outer Space Treaty states that nations will supervise the activities of their citizens in space.

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Musk to explore potential tender offer for Twitter, has $46.5B in committed financing for deal

Tesla and SpaceX CEO Elon Musk at Tesla’s “Gigafactory” on March 22, 2022 in Gruenheide, southeast of Berlin.

Patrick Pleul | AFP | Getty Images

Elon Musk is exploring whether to commence a tender offer for Twitter, according to a new securities filing.

In an updated filing published on Thursday, Musk said that given the lack of response from Twitter’s board, he is now exploring a tender offer to purchase some or all shares of the company directly from its shareholders.

The filing says Musk has received commitments for $46.5 billion to help finance the potential deal. Musk has secured about $25.5 in debt financing through Morgan Stanley Senior funding and other firms, and Musk said he has committed about $21 billion in equity financing. The other participating firms include Bank of America, Barclays, MUFG, Societe Generale, Mizuho Bank and BNP Paribas.

Musk has not yet determined he will make a tender offer for Twitter or whether he will take other steps to further the proposal, the filing states.

Last week, Musk offered to buy Twitter for $54.20 a share, or about $43 billion. On Friday, Twitter adopted a limited duration shareholder rights plan, often referred to as a “poison pill,” in an effort to fend off a potential hostile takeover.

Musk, who’s CEO of Tesla and SpaceX, in recent weeks has amassed a more than 9% stake in the company. Twitter then extended an offer to Musk to join the board, but on the condition that Musk couldn’t buy more than 14.9% of the firm. Musk reversed course and instead made a bid to take Twitter private.

This is breaking news. Please check back for updates.

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North Korea is committed to an ‘alarming change’ in nuclear policy: Professor

North Korea ultimately wants to have more nuclear weapons to use against the U.S. troops in South Korea and Japan in the event of an invasion, according to a professor at the Middlebury Institute of International Studies.

North Korea currently has the ability to use a small number of nuclear weapons against the United States, said Jeffrey Lewis, a professor on arms control.

“They have some deterrence, but what I think the North Koreans really, fundamentally want is the ability to use a much larger number of nuclear weapons against U.S. forces in South Korea and Japan if they thought an invasion was underway,” he told CNBC’s “Squawk Box Asia” on Monday.

“This is part of [an] … alarming change in the way they approach nuclear weapons, and that change is really to give themselves the ability to use nuclear weapons first if they think they are about to be invaded,” he said.

His comments came after North Korea conducted another missile test on Sunday.

State news agency KCNA reported that Kim “gave important instructions on further building up the defense capabilities and nuclear combat forces of the country.”

“North Koreans are really committed to shifting their nuclear policy,” according to Lewis.

He said the missile looked like “yet another variant” of a short-range one and that it’s “more of the same” from North Korea — but it’s “still quite unwelcome.”

Testing nuclear weapons?

According to Lewis, North Korea is now working toward a nuclear weapons test, more than four years since its last one in 2017.

“In a sense, the gloves are off,” he said. “They don’t really feel bound by any of the commitments they made in 2018 when the diplomacy period started, and we’re also seeing a lot of activity at the nuclear test site.”

During his presidency, U.S. President Donald Trump held two summits with Kim to discuss denuclearization on the Korean peninsula. The second one, in Hanoi, ended abruptly when the two sides were unable to agree on the removal of sanctions.

North Korea closed the entrances to its nuclear test tunnels in 2018, but they have likely already reopened them, Lewis said.

Satellite images taken in March showed construction at the site where North Korea has conducted all its previous nuclear tests, Reuters reported.

It’s now up Kim to decide when he wants to test a nuclear weapon, the professor said.

“If we know one thing, we know that there’s going to be a nuclear test when Kim Jong Un feels like it,” he added.

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Federal Judge Finds Trump Most Likely Committed Crimes Over 2020 Election

WASHINGTON — A federal judge ruled on Monday that former President Donald J. Trump and a lawyer who had advised him on how to overturn the 2020 election most likely had committed felonies, including obstructing the work of Congress and conspiring to defraud the United States.

The judge’s comments in the civil case of the lawyer, John Eastman, marked a significant breakthrough for the House committee investigating the Jan. 6 attack on the Capitol. The committee, which is weighing making a criminal referral to the Justice Department, had used a filing in the case to lay out the crimes it believed Mr. Trump might have committed.

Mr. Trump has not been charged with any crime, and the judge’s ruling had no immediate, practical legal effect on him. But it essentially ratified the committee’s argument that Mr. Trump’s efforts to block Congress from certifying Joseph R. Biden Jr.’s Electoral College victory could well rise to the level of a criminal conspiracy.

“The illegality of the plan was obvious,” wrote Judge David O. Carter of the Central District of California. “Our nation was founded on the peaceful transition of power, epitomized by George Washington laying down his sword to make way for democratic elections. Ignoring this history, President Trump vigorously campaigned for the vice president to single-handedly determine the results of the 2020 election.”

The actions taken by Mr. Trump and Mr. Eastman, Judge Carter found, amounted to “a coup in search of a legal theory.”

The Justice Department has been conducting a wide-ranging investigation of the Capitol assault but has given no public indication that it is considering a criminal case against Mr. Trump. A criminal referral from the House committee could increase pressure on Attorney General Merrick B. Garland to do so.

The judge’s ruling came as the committee was barreling ahead with its investigation. This week alone, people familiar with the investigation said, the panel has lined up testimony from four top Trump White House officials, including Jared Kushner, the former president’s son-in-law and adviser, whose interview was scheduled for Thursday.

The committee also voted 9-0 on Monday night to recommend criminal contempt of Congress charges against two other allies of Mr. Trump — Peter Navarro, a former White House adviser, and Dan Scavino Jr., a former deputy chief of staff — for their participation in efforts to overturn the 2020 election and their subsequent refusal to comply with the panel’s subpoenas. The matter now moves to the Rules Committee, then the full House. If it passes there, the Justice Department will decide whether to charge the men. A contempt of Congress charge carries a penalty of up to a year in jail.

But Judge Carter’s decision was perhaps the investigation’s biggest development to date, suggesting its investigators have built a case strong enough to convince a federal judge of Mr. Trump’s culpability and laying out a road map for a potential criminal referral.

Judge Carter’s decision came in an order for Mr. Eastman, a conservative lawyer who had written a memo that members of both parties have likened to a blueprint for a coup, to turn over more than 100 emails to the committee.

A lawyer for Mr. Eastman said in a statement on Monday that he “respectfully disagrees” with Judge Carter’s findings but would comply with the order to turn over documents.

In a statement hailing the judge’s decision, the chairman of the House committee, Representative Bennie Thompson, Democrat of Mississippi, and its vice chair, Representative Liz Cheney, Republican of Wyoming, said the nation must not allow what happened on Jan. 6, 2021, “to be minimized and cannot accept as normal these threats to our democracy.” Mr. Trump made no public statement about the ruling.

Many of the documents the committee will now receive relate to a legal strategy proposed by Mr. Eastman to pressure Vice President Mike Pence not to certify electors from several key swing states when Congress convened on Jan. 6, 2021. “The true animating force behind these emails was advancing a political strategy: to persuade Vice President Pence to take unilateral action on Jan. 6,” Judge Carter wrote.

One of the documents, according to the ruling, is an email containing the draft of a memo written for another one of Mr. Trump’s lawyers, Rudolph W. Giuliani, recommending that Mr. Pence “reject electors from contested states.”

“This may have been the first time members of President Trump’s team transformed a legal interpretation of the Electoral Count Act into a day-by-day plan of action,” Judge Carter wrote.

Mr. Eastman had filed suit against the panel, trying to persuade a judge to block the committee’s subpoena for documents in his possession. As part of the suit, Mr. Eastman sought to shield from release documents he said were covered by attorney-client privilege.

In response, the committee argued — under the legal theory known as the crime-fraud exception — that the privilege did not cover information conveyed from a client to a lawyer if it was part of furthering or concealing a crime.

The panel said its investigators had accumulated evidence demonstrating that Mr. Trump, Mr. Eastman and other allies could be charged with criminal violations including obstructing an official proceeding of Congress and conspiracy to defraud the American people.

Judge Carter, who was nominated by President Bill Clinton, agreed, writing that he believed it was “likely” that the men not only had conspired to defraud the United States but “dishonestly conspired to obstruct the joint session of Congress on Jan. 6, 2021.”

“Dr. Eastman and President Trump launched a campaign to overturn a democratic election, an action unprecedented in American history,” he wrote.

In deciding that Mr. Trump and Mr. Eastman had “more likely than not” broken the law — the legal standard for determining whether Mr. Eastman could claim attorney-client privilege — Judge Carter noted that the former president had facilitated two meetings in the days before Jan. 6 that were “explicitly tied to persuading Vice President Pence to disrupt the joint session of Congress.”

At the first meeting, on Jan. 4, Mr. Trump and Mr. Eastman invited Mr. Pence and two of his top aides, Greg Jacob and Marc Short, to the Oval Office. There, Judge Carter wrote, Mr. Eastman “presented his plan to Vice President Pence, focusing on either rejecting electors or delaying the count.”

That meeting was followed by another, Judge Carter wrote, on Jan. 5, during which Mr. Eastman sought again to persuade Mr. Jacob to go along with the scheme.

Mr. Trump continued to pressure Mr. Pence even on Jan. 6, Judge Carter wrote, noting that the former president had made several last-minute appeals to Mr. Pence on Twitter. Mr. Trump called Mr. Pence by phone, Judge Carter wrote, and “once again urged him ‘to make the call’ and enact the plan.”

While the House committee has no authority to directly bring charges against Mr. Trump, and Mr. Trump was not a party to the Eastman civil case, Judge Carter’s ruling on Monday underscored the persistent questions of whether Mr. Trump could face criminal culpability for both his business dealings and his efforts to reverse the outcome of the election.

Last week, The New York Times reported that a prosecutor in New York City who was investigating Mr. Trump’s financial dealings believed the former president was guilty of “numerous felonies” in how he handled his real-estate and business transaction before taking office. The assessment of Mr. Trump by the prosecutor, Mark F. Pomerantz, came in a letter last month in which Mr. Pomerantz announced he was resigning from the Manhattan district attorney’s office, which had stopped pursuing an indictment of Mr. Trump.

Mr. Trump is also facing investigation from the district attorney in Atlanta who recently convened a special grand jury to help probe the former president’s attempts to overturn the 2020 election results in Georgia.

That inquiry centers on Mr. Trump’s actions in the two months between his election loss and Congress’s certification of the results, including a call he made to Brad Raffensperger, Georgia’s secretary of state, to pressure him to “find 11,780 votes” — the margin by which Mr. Trump lost the state.

The House committee has been seeking to assemble a definitive account of Mr. Trump’s efforts to hold on to the White House and how they led to the assault on the Capitol. Among the documents the committee will now receive from Mr. Eastman is an email that sketched “a series of events for the days leading up to and following Jan. 6, if Vice President Pence were to delay counting or reject electoral votes,” Judge Carter wrote.

The email “maps out potential Supreme Court suits and the impact of different judicial outcomes” were Mr. Pence to enact the plan.

The committee will also get documents related to state legislators who were involved in the effort to persuade Mr. Pence not to certify some electoral votes. One of them, Judge Carter wrote, is a letter from the Republican members of the Arizona legislature to Mr. Pence. Two others are letters from a Georgia state senator to Mr. Trump.

The committee has already heard from more than 750 witnesses. John McEntee, the former president’s personnel chief, testified Monday; Anthony Ornato, the former White House chief of operations, was scheduled to testify Tuesday; and Matthew Pottinger, former deputy national security adviser, will do so at a later date, those familiar with the investigation said.

Both Mr. Navarro and Mr. Scavino have argued they are prevented from testifying by Mr. Trump’s assertions of executive privilege, and that President Biden — who waived executive privilege for both men — does not have the authority to waive executive privilege over the testimony of a former president’s senior aide.

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