Tag Archives: Breathe

‘Israeli Brutality In Gaza’: U.S.’ Arab Allies Breathe Fire As Blinken Tours Middle East | Watch – Hindustan Times

  1. ‘Israeli Brutality In Gaza’: U.S.’ Arab Allies Breathe Fire As Blinken Tours Middle East | Watch Hindustan Times
  2. British surgeon says Gaza ‘beyond worst thing’ he’s seen, as Jordan’s king warns Israel creating a ‘generation of orphans’ CNN
  3. Jordan says Israel’s Netanyahu must not be allowed to drag region into wider war Yahoo News
  4. Jordan’s King Abdullah: Israel’s ‘brutal war creating generation of orphans’ Hindustan Times
  5. Jordan’s King Abdullah warns US of catastrophic ramifications if Gaza war continues The Independent

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Jodie Comer Leaves ‘Prima Facie’ Broadway Performance After 10 Minutes, Says She ‘Can’t Breathe’ Due to NYC Air Crisis – Variety

  1. Jodie Comer Leaves ‘Prima Facie’ Broadway Performance After 10 Minutes, Says She ‘Can’t Breathe’ Due to NYC Air Crisis Variety
  2. Jodie Comer Halts ‘Prima Facie’ Broadway Matinee Due To Bad NYC Air; Understudy Set To Fill In Deadline
  3. Jodie Comer stops stage performance because of New York air: ‘I can’t breathe’ The Guardian
  4. Jodie Comer Leaves PRIMA FACIE Performance Due to Bad Air Quality in NYC Broadway World
  5. Tony Awards: Meet the nominees, Jodie Comer CBS New York
  6. View Full Coverage on Google News

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‘American Idol’: Luke Bryan ‘can’t hardly breathe’ after Cam Amen sings ‘Hallelujah’ in Platinum Ticket audition [WATCH] – Gold Derby

  1. ‘American Idol’: Luke Bryan ‘can’t hardly breathe’ after Cam Amen sings ‘Hallelujah’ in Platinum Ticket audition [WATCH] Gold Derby
  2. Platinum Ticket Winner! Cam Amen Sings “Hallelujah” – He’s Doing It For Himself – American Idol 2023 American Idol
  3. Final Platinum Ticket Goes to the ‘Best Soul Singer’ ‘American Idol’ Has Ever Had Parade Magazine
  4. American Idol: Cam Amen receives hug from Lionel Richie and last ‘platinum ticket’ as auditions end Daily Mail
  5. Oliver Steele Leaves Us In Tears As He Sings To His Dad – American Idol 2023 American Idol

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‘That ‘90s Show’ and ‘Night Court’ Breathe Life Into a Dying Form – Rolling Stone

Depending on the season, the opening credits sequences for Night Court and That ‘70s Show ran between 30 and 40 seconds. Their new legasequels — NBC’s Night Court and Netflix’s That 90s Show — use intros that top out around 15 seconds, with updated versions of familiar theme songs that are either much less intricate (Night Court) or vastly sped up (That 90s Show).

On the one hand, this should not be a surprise. Sitcom credits have gotten drastically shorter since That 70s Show debuted 25 years ago, particularly on broadcast network TV, where ad breaks keep eating into the time for the actual content of each episode. Still, something feels off in both cases, in a way that carries through to most of what follows the familiar guitar riffs. Each centers around children of the originals’ main characters, and each brings back some familiar faces in supporting roles, yet neither feels quite right.

That ‘90s Show. (L to R) Mace Coronel as Jay, Callie Haverda as Leia Forman, Ashley Aufderheide as Gwen Runck, Reyn Doi as Ozzie, Maxwell Acee Donovan as Nate, Sam Morelos as Nikki in episode 101 of That ‘90s Show. Cr. Patrick Wymore/Netflix © 2022

PATRICK WYMORE/NETFLIX

Let’s start with That 90s Show, which just premiered its first season on Netflix. This one has the involvement of 70s Show creators Bonnie and Terry Turner, plus their daughter Lindsey Turner, though the showrunner and head writer is Gregg Mettler, who wrote for the original series for many years. The series begins in the summer of 1995, about 18 years since the start of the series. Our main character this time is Leia Forman (Callie Haverda), daughter of Eric (Topher Grace) and Donna (Laura Prepon), and granddaughter of Red (Kurtwood Smith) and Kitty (Debra Jo Rupp). Frustrated and lonely after a lifetime of being a good girl, she decides to spend the summer at Red and Kitty’s so she can finally have friends and experience some adolescent rebellion. Her new crew includes next-door neighbors Gwen (Ashley Aufderheide) and Nate (Maxwell Acee Donovan), Nate’s smart girlfriend Nikki (Sam Morelos), the sarcastic and semi-closeted Ozzie (Reyn Doi), and Jay (Mace Coronel) — aka the son of Kelso (Ashton Kutcher) and Jackie (Mila Kunis), who keep getting divorced and remarried every few years.

The kids from the original show are recurring players at best — Grace, Kutcher, and Kunis are only in the premiere, and Prepon and Wilmer Valderrama pop up in a few additional episodes(*) — which makes a good degree of sense. The focus is on this next generation, plus Smith and Rupp were always the most reliable laugh-getters of the original show, and have those muscles still in top form all these years later. But the new kids are largely forgettable, with Ashley Aufderheide the only one whose facility with verbal or physical comedy seems anywhere in the ballpark of the old group. Because while That 70s Show was never a great comedy, its young ensemble was pretty remarkable. Grace never turned out to be the next Michael J. Fox, career-wise, but his timing and delivery were always impeccable, and Kutcher, Kunis and the others brought a lot more than what was necessarily on the page. No one is actively bad this time around, but nobody’s elevating some pretty limp punchlines, either. Every now and then, Smith will get to go on a good rant — “Down in Hell, there’s this room in the way back where the Devil craps fire into your mouth,” Red declares. “That’s the DMV!”— but not nearly often enough.

(*) Danny Masterson is, thankfully, nowhere to be seen, nor is Hyde ever mentioned.

The studio audience, meanwhile — or, perhaps, recordings of the studio audience from That 70s Show — goes wild whenever someone from the original show appears, whether it’s a full castmember like Valderrama, a recurring player like Don Stark or Tommy Chong, or even an actor whose presence I am embargoed from naming, but who appeared a grand total of six times, and who is much better known for later work. But the audience’s applause is only occasionally rewarded by all the returnees. Grace in particular seems to have either forgotten everything he knows about acting in a multi-camera sitcom after years in movies and now two and a half seasons on ABC’s single-cam Home Economics, or he’s just doing the cameo out of a sense of obligation.

The former seems more likely, simply because multi-cam has largely fallen out of fashion outside of Disney Channel and Nick sitcoms for kids and tweens. The vast majority of comedies on cable and streaming are single-cam — some pure comedies like What We Do in the Shadows, others blends of humor and pathos like Reservation Dogs — and broadcast network TV is even experiencing something of a sitcom renaissance, with two genuine hits in Abbott Elementary and Ghosts, both of them single-cam(*). There just aren’t a lot of people, either as writers or as actors, who are still adept and well-practiced at slinging set-ups and punchlines on a stage in front of a live studio audience. That Smith, Rupp and some of the other adults can still do it is impressive, and there are occasional inspired bits, like a stoned Leia imagining her grandparents as 8-bit video game characters, or a Beverly Hills, 90210 parody with one of the original actors in a deliberately bad wig. It’s just not enough to keep That 90s Show from feeling like it’s being presented in a foreign language that only a few people involved can speak fluently, rather than phonetically sounding out the words.

(*) That said, it appears there’s still an appetite for the form from the audience. Tuesday night’s series premiere of Night Court was NBC’s most-watched comedy debut since the return of Will & Grace in 2017. At this rate, can a Caroline in the City revival be far behind?

NIGHT COURT — “Pilot” Episode 101 — Pictured: (l-r) Melissa Rauch as Abby Stone, John Larroquette as Dan Fielding

Jordin Althaus/NBC/Warner Bros.

The two main actors on Night Court are themselves well-versed in the rhythms of multi-cam. Star and executive producer Melissa Rauch spent a decade as Bernadette on The Big Bang Theory, and John Larroquette won four Emmys for his role on the original Night Court, and spent another four seasons fronting his own self-titled NBC sitcom. They are, not coincidentally, the main reasons to check out the sequel series, which has occasional moments, and one pretty good episode (the fifth, set on the night a blood moon brings particular craziness to the court) that genuinely evokes the anarchic feel of the Harry Anderson-led version.

Rauch, using her normal speaking voice rather than Bernadette’s high-pitched squeak, is Abby Stone, daughter of Anderson’s Harry. After growing up and working upstate, she’s moved to New York to preside over her dad’s old courtroom, and recruits Larroquette’s misanthropic ex-prosecutor Dan Fielding to come back to work, this time representing the defendants.

It’s a reasonable set-up. Dan has had to be significantly transformed from the misogynist user of women he was in the Eighties and Nineties, and if it feels largely like a new character, Larroquette remains incredibly well-suited to the specific demands and challenges of multi-cam. Rauch, meanwhile, is gregarious and enthusiastic enough to evoke Anderson. She’s unfortunately hampered by the fact that Dan is no longer the only character who doesn’t want to be there. Both court clerk Neil (Kapil Talwalkar) and prosecutor (India de Beaufort) clearly have their sights set on better things, which leaves bailiff Gurgs (Lacretta) as the only character other than Abby who seems to be genuinely enjoying herself in this setting.

Half the fun of the old show was the sense that this was all a ridiculous party that the viewer got to visit once a week. Without, say, the presence of a gleeful hype man like the late Charles Robinson as Harry’s clerk Mac, that infectious spirit is absent. So when things do get more cartoonish — say, Neil dressing up like an extra from Grease in a misguided attempt to endear himself to Abby’s mom (Murphy Brown alum Faith Ford, also demonstrating well-honed multi-cam chops in a guest appearance) — it feels dumb in a way it wouldn’t have 30-plus years ago.

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Multi-cam was a hard, unforgiving beast to tame even back in the Nineties when there were so many of them. It’s even tougher now that the format has dwindled so much. Credit these two for at least offering genuine ties to the originals — as opposed to the deservedly short-lived, entirely unrelated That ‘80s Show — but like most of the revival and reboot trend that has consumed TV over the last decade, they exist much more to exploit a familiar brand than because they’re good enough to exist on their own merits. But, hey, at least someone in the Night Court pilot got to say, “Maybe I really am Gary Buttmouth!”

The first season of That ‘90s Show is streaming now on Netflix; I’ve seen all 10 episodes. Night Court airs Tuesdays on NBC; I’ve seen the first six episodes. 



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Curt Schilling sounds off on Michael Kay’s call of Aaron Judge’s 61st home run: ‘Let the moment breathe’

Curt Schilling gave his opinion on YES Network’s Michael Kay during his call on Aaron Judge’s 61st home run Wednesday night in Toronto. 

Appearing on OutKick’s “Don’t @ Me with Dan Dakich,” Schilling wasn’t a fan of how Kay didn’t let the moment “breathe” as Judge rounded the bases.

“I just wanted to see and feel the moment,” he said. “I didn’t need Michael Kay to explain to me that he just hit his 61st home run and that it was more than anybody since Roger Maris. We all knew it. So, shut your mouth and let the moment breathe.”

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Former pitcher Curt Schilling of the Boston Red Sox is introduced during a 2018 World Series championship ring ceremony at Fenway Park in Boston on April 9, 2019.
(Billie Weiss/Boston Red Sox/Getty Images)

Schilling, a three-time World Series champion, has broadcast experience himself after spending years in the booth at ESPN. And in those times, he explained what he was taught.

“I was always taught, one of the things I think that helped me in the booth, was there are some moments that speak for themselves,” he said. “I thought that was one of them. He could’ve said everything he said after the fact. Everybody watching the game knew exactly what happened. They knew what the number was. But it’s also partial of today’s announcers.”

CURT SCHILLING PUTS AARON JUDGE’S HOME RUN MARK IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE, REVEALS HIS AL MVP

Schilling did admit, however, that there is “personal bias” on his end when it comes to Kay, who has been the Yankees’ play-by-play announcer with YES since 2002. Kay’s first taste of calling Yankees games came at the seat next to John Sterling during radio broadcasts in 1992 on WABC.

Aaron Judge of the New York Yankees hugs his mother.
(Thomas Skrlj/MLB Photos via Getty Images)

ROGER MARIS JR. BLASTS MLB, SAYS AARON JUDGE’S POTENTIAL 62ND HOME RUN SHOULD BE SINGLE-SEASON RECORD

Judge is primed to hit his record-breaking 62nd home run in a single season, which would surpass Maris as the record holder in the American League, at Yankee Stadium this weekend for the team’s final regular season home stand against the Baltimore Orioles.

New York Yankees broadcaster Michael Kay
(Porter Binks /Sports Illustrated via Getty Images)

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Kay will be on the call for that game, as Amazon Prime Video is allowing YES to have a simulcast of the game, though Kay and his team would’ve still called the game either way.

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Making oxygen with magnets could help astronauts breathe easy

Credit: Pixabay/CC0 Public Domain

A potentially better way to make oxygen for astronauts in space using magnetism has been proposed by an international team of scientists, including a University of Warwick chemist.

The conclusion is from new research on magnetic phase separation in microgravity published in npj Microgravity by researchers from the University of Warwick in the United Kingdom, University of Colorado Boulder and Freie Universität Berlin in Germany.

Keeping astronauts breathing aboard the International Space Station and other space vehicles is a complicated and costly process. As humans plan future missions to the Moon or Mars better technology will be needed.

Lead author Álvaro Romero-Calvo, a recent Ph.D. graduate from the University of Colorado Boulder, says that “on the International Space Station, oxygen is generated using an electrolytic cell that splits water into hydrogen and oxygen, but then you have to get those gasses out of the system. A relatively recent analysis from a researcher at NASA Ames concluded that adapting the same architecture on a trip to Mars would have such significant mass and reliability penalties that it wouldn’t make any sense to use.”

Dr. Katharina Brinkert of the University of Warwick Department of Chemistry and Center for Applied Space Technology and Microgravity (ZARM) in Germany says that “efficient phase separation in reduced gravitational environments is an obstacle for human space exploration and known since the first flights to space in the 1960s. This phenomenon is a particular challenge for the life support system onboard spacecraft and the International Space Station (ISS) as oxygen for the crew is produced in water electrolyzer systems and requires separation from the electrode and liquid electrolyte.”

The underlying issue is buoyancy.

Imagine a glass of fizzy soda. On Earth, the bubbles of CO2 quickly float to the top, but in the absence of gravity, those bubbles have nowhere to go. They instead stay suspended in the liquid.

NASA currently uses centrifuges to force the gasses out, but those machines are large and require significant mass, power, and maintenance. Meanwhile, the team has conducted experiments demonstrating magnets could achieve the same results in some cases.

Although diamagnetic forces are well known and understood, their use by engineers in space applications have not been fully explored because gravity makes the technology difficult to demonstrate on Earth.

Enter the Center for Applied Space Technology and Microgravity (ZARM) in Germany. There, Brinkert, who has ongoing research funded by the German Aerospace Center (DLR), led the team in successful experimental tests at a special drop tower facility that simulates microgravity conditions.

Here, the groups have developed a procedure to detach gas bubbles from electrode surfaces in microgravity environments generated for 9.2s at the Bremen Drop Tower. This study demonstrates for the first time gas bubbles can be ‘attracted to’ and ‘repelled from’ a simple neodymium magnet in microgravity by immersing it in different types of aqueous solution.

The research could open up new avenues for scientists and engineers developing oxygen systems as well as other space research involving liquid-to-gas phase changes.

Dr. Brinkert says that “these effects have tremendous consequences for the further development of phase separation systems, such as for long-term space missions, suggesting that efficient oxygen and, for example, hydrogen production in water (photo-)electrolyzer systems can be achieved even in the near-absence of the buoyant-force.”

Professor Hanspeter Schaub of University of Colorado Boulder says that “after years of analytical and computational research, being able to use this amazing drop tower in Germany provided concrete proof that this concept will function in the zero-g space environment.”


Russia says it is leaving the International Space Station program. What does that mean?


More information:
Álvaro Romero-Calvo et al, Magnetic phase separation in microgravity, npj Microgravity (2022). DOI: 10.1038/s41526-022-00212-9
Provided by
University of Warwick

Citation:
Making oxygen with magnets could help astronauts breathe easy (2022, August 12)
retrieved 12 August 2022
from https://phys.org/news/2022-08-oxygen-magnets-astronauts-easy.html

This document is subject to copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study or research, no
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Can turtles really breathe through their butts?

Can this turtle breathe through its “backdoor”? (Image credit: Shutterstock)

Everyone knows that most mammals breathe through the mouth and nose. Frogs, meanwhile, can breathe through their skin. But what about turtles? How do these hard-shelled critters get oxygen?

You may have heard a strange rumor that turtles can breathe through their butts. But is this true?

Technically, turtles do not breathe through their derrières. That’s because turtles don’t really have “butts”; instead, they have a multipurpose opening known as a cloaca, which is used for sexual reproduction and egg laying as well as for expelling waste. However, they do engage in a process called cloacal respiration, which could, in a less technical sense, be interpreted as “butt breathing.” 

During cloacal respiration, turtles pump water through their cloacal openings and into two sac-like organs known as bursae, which act sort of like aquatic lungs, Craig Franklin, a wildlife physiologist at The University of Queensland in Australia who has extensively studied cloacal respiration, told Live Science. Oxygen in the water then diffuses across the papillae, small structures that line the walls of the bursae, and into the turtle’s bloodstream. 

 Related: Why do turtles live so long? 

However, cloacal respiration is very inefficient compared with normal aerobic respiration ,and all turtles also have the capacity to breathe air with their lungs much more easily. As a result, cloacal respiration is seen only in a small number of freshwater species that rely on this unorthodox method to overcome challenges they face in unique environments where it is hard to breathe air, such as fast-flowing rivers or frozen ponds.

Cloacal champions 

The main turtle group that has truly mastered cloacal respiration is river turtles. Globally, there are around a dozen river turtles that can properly utilize cloacal respiration, around half of which live in rivers in Australia; these include the Mary River turtle (Elusor macrurus) and the white-throated snapping turtle (Elseya albagula), Franklin said. 

However, some species of river turtle are much better at cloacal respiration than others. The undisputed champion is the Fitzroy River turtle (Rheodytes leukops) from Australia, which can derive 100% of its energy through cloacal respiration. “This allows them to potentially remain underwater indefinitely,” Franklin said. 

But for all other species, cloacal respiration only extends the amount of time they can stay underwater until they must resurface for air. “For example, instead of diving underwater for 15 minutes [while holding their breath], they can remain underwater for several hours,” he said.

The ability to stay underwater for extended periods of time is extremely useful for river turtles because going to the surface can be hard work. “For a turtle that lives in fast-flowing water, going to the surface to breathe represents a bit of an issue because you could get swept away,” Franklin said. Staying close to the riverbed also makes it easier to avoid predators such as crocodiles, he added.

Some river turtles, like this Mary River Turtle (Elusor Macrurus), spend so much time on the river floor that they can grow algae on them. (Image credit: Shutterstock)

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Avoiding predators is particularly important for baby turtles, which can be targeted by birds and large fish. “The greatest risk of predation for a hatching turtle is swimming through the water column to the surface,” Franklin said. As a result, juveniles are normally much better at cloacal respiration than adults, which allows them to spend more time near the riverbed until they are big enough to start venturing more frequently to the surface. Therefore, it is possible that additional river turtle species are also capable of cloacal respiration as juveniles but then lose this ability in later life, Franklin said.

However, cloacal respiration is much less efficient than aerobic respiration because pumping water into the bursae requires a lot of energy, which reduces the net gain of energy the turtles receive. “When we breathe air, there’s virtually no energy required” because gases are light and flow freely in and out of our lungs, Franklin said. “But imagine trying to breathe a viscous liquid back and forth.” Water also has around 200 times less oxygen than an equal volume of air, so turtles have to pump more of it to gain the same amount of oxygen, he added. 

Related: How do animals breathe underwater?

There is also another cost to cloacal respiration. When oxygen diffuses across the skin of the bursae and into the bloodstream, sodium and chloride ions (charged particles) inside papillae, which are vital to the functioning of cells, diffuse in the opposite direction into the water, which stops the cells from functioning properly. To counteract this, the turtles have evolved special pumps that suck the lost ions back into the cells to maintain normal ion levels. This process, known as osmoregulation, requires additional energy, thus further reducing the net gain of energy from cloacal respiration. 

Stuck under ice 

A turtle hibernates in a frozen pond. (Image credit: Shutterstock)

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There are also around six or seven species of hibernating freshwater turtles across North America that are capable of a more limited form of cloacal respiration. These species, such as Blanding’s turtle (Emydoidea blandingii), spend months trapped beneath layers of ice that cover ponds during the winter. Some of these turtles are under the ice for more than 100 days without being able to take a single breath of air, Jackie Litzgus, a wildlife ecologist at Laurentian University in Ontario, told Live Science. Instead, these turtles can also take up oxygen through bursae, as well as by gargling water in their throats, which is known as buccal pumping, Litzgus said. 

However, the cloacal respiration displayed by hibernating turtles is much less complex than what the river turtles are capable of, Franklin said. Instead of actively pumping water into their bursae like their river-dwelling relatives do, the hibernating turtles take up oxygen that passively diffuses across the skin in the bursae. This process is more like cutaneous respiration — when oxygen diffuses through an animal’s skin, which happens in amphibians, reptiles and, in a limited capacity, some mammals, including humans

The hibernating turtles get away with this passive form of cloacal respiration because they have a greatly reduced metabolic rate, which means they need less energy and, therefore, less oxygen. While they are under the ice, these turtles do not move around very much, keep their body temperature close to freezing and can switch to anaerobic respiration — a last resort for creating energy without oxygen — when they are low on oxygen, Litzgus said. 

Originally published on Live Science.

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If you breathe this common way you could be in danger: doctor

Welcome to Ask Doctor Zac, a weekly column from news.com.au. This week, Dr Zac Turner talks about why breathing through your nose is better than breathing through your mouth.

QUESTION: Hi Dr Zac, Have I been breathing wrong my whole life? Over coffee a friend told me they stayed up all night watching YouTube videos about breathing, and that some doctors claim breathing from your mouth is unhealthy. Now I’m pretty good at picking up red flags these days, both with men and health advice, but this one has me stumped. Is it true? Or should I not fall for misinformation? Maia, 30, Sydney

Answer: I think this is a fascinating topic, and a particularly great question because it makes all of us rethink the simple things our bodies do each day. Just because it happens every day does not mean it’s good for you.

I’m on the side of your friend on this one. We all breathe automatically, without much thought to it. It’s important to pay attention to how you breathe, because it’s healthier to breathe through your nose instead of your mouth. The simplest reason is because nose breathing is more natural and helps your body effectively use the air you inhale.

You’re probably thinking right now, “Well that’s not me I breathe through my nose, I am doing it right now.” Well, that’s because you’re thinking about it. About 30-50 percent of adults breathe through their mouth, especially earlier in the day. Breathing through your mouth can lead to health problems, and cause things like bad breath and dry mouth.

Nose breathing is more natural than mouth breathing and helps your body effectively use the air you inhale.
Shutterstock

The beauty of your nose is that it’s perfectly designed to breathe safely. It can filter out foreign particles due to its nasal hairs. It can humidify inhaled air which makes it easier for your lungs to use, and it produces nitric oxide which is a vasodilator. That’s just a scientific way of saying it widens blood vessels to help improve oxygen circulation in your body.

Your mouth is perfectly designed to eat, drink and talk, but it doesn’t have any of the nifty features your nose has. Breathing through your mouth increases the risk of asthma, tooth decay, gingivitis, exposure to foreign particles like bacteria and pathogens, and snoring.

Breathing doesn’t have to be so complex — you can make it simple again with a few tricks and tips.

Use your nose

Consciously use your nose to breath, and slowly you’ll train your body to do it subconsciously. You’ll reap all the benefits I have listed above.

Don’t forget about your belly

Humans are “belly breathers,” and just above your stomach is a major muscle in the respiration process, the diaphragm. Proper breathing starts in the nose and then moves to the stomach as your diaphragm contracts, the belly expands, and your lungs fill with air. It is the most efficient way to breathe, as it pulls down on the lungs, creating negative pressure in the chest, resulting in air flowing into your lungs.

Maintain a healthy lifestyle

Regular exercise keeps your lungs functioning well, and a well-balanced diet can help you stay active. Avoid large meals and foods that cause bloating to prevent the abdomen from pushing up and limiting the diaphragm’s movement.

In truth, poor breathing is a pandemic of its own. The way we breathe is linked to everything from how we think and feel to how we relate to the world, and the health and balance of every system in our body.

To improve your nose breathing, try exercises like alternate nostril breathing, belly breathing, and Breath of Fire. These techniques may help you master nose breathing while enhancing your lung function and reducing stress.

Tape your mouth shut

This may seem weird, but there are several products designed to help keep your mouth shut while sleeping. Over the years I have recommended some of my patients to place elastic style medical tape across their lips before bed.

Now this doesn’t mean taping one’s mouth shut – a small amount placed vertically stimulates the nerves without making you feel like your breathing or mouth is restricted. This helps you to both consciously and subconsciously keep your mouth shut and to breathe through your nose. Often it will only take a week or two to retrained yourself back to healthy breathing.

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These Microbes Breathe Methane And Turn It Into Electricity in a Weird Living Battery

As far as greenhouse gases go, methane is the quiet villain that could stealthily drag us ever deeper into the climate crisis. In our atmosphere, it is at least 25 times more effective at trapping heat than carbon dioxide.

 

It’s also not that efficient – through burning, less than half of the energy in the natural gas can be converted into electrical power.

In an effort to squeeze more electrons from every puff of methane, researchers in the Netherlands have explored a rather unconventional form of power station – one you’d need a microscope to see.

“This could be very useful for the energy sector”, says Radboud University microbiologist Cornelia Welte.

“In the current biogas installations, methane is produced by microorganisms and subsequently burnt, which drives a turbine, thus generating power. Less than half of the biogas is converted into power, and this is the maximum achievable capacity. We want to evaluate whether we can do better using microorganisms.”

The focus of their investigation is a type of archaea – bacteria-like microbes known for their extraordinary talents of surviving under strange and harsh conditions, including being able to break down methane in environments deprived of oxygen.

This specific type, known as anaerobic methanotrophic (ANME) archaea, manage this metabolic trick by offloading electrons in a chain of electrochemical reactions, employing some kind of metal or metalloid outside of their cells or even donating them to other species in their environment.

 

First described in 2006, the ANME genus Methanoperedens was found to oxidize methane with a little help from nitrates, making them right at home in the wet bogs of the Netherland’s fertilizer-soaked agricultural culverts.

Attempts to pull electrons from this process in microbial fuel cells have resulted in tiny voltages being produced, without any clear confirmation on exactly which processes might be behind the conversion.

If these archaea are to ever show promise as methane-gobbling power cells, they’d really need to churn out a current in a clear, unambiguous fashion.

To make matters harder, Methanoperedens isn’t a microbe that lends itself to easy cultivation.

So Welte and her fellow researchers gathered a sample of microbes they knew to be dominated by this methane-slurping archaea, and grew them in an oxygen-lacking environment where methane was the only electron donor.

Near this colony they also placed a metal anode set at zero voltage, effectively creating an electrochemical cell primed to generate a current.

“We create a kind of battery with two terminals, where one of these is a biological terminal and the other one is a chemical terminal,” says microbiologist Heleen Ouboter, also from Radboud University.

 

“We grow the bacteria on one of the electrodes, to which the bacteria donate electrons resulting from the conversion of methane.”  

After analyzing the conversion of methane to carbon dioxide and measuring fluctuating currents that spiked as high as 274 milliamps per square centimeter, the team deduced a little over a third of the current could be attributed directly to the breaking down of methane.

As far as efficiency goes, 31 percent of the energy in the methane had transformed into electrical power, making it somewhat comparable with some power stations.

Tinkering more with the process could see to the creation of highly efficient living batteries that run on biogas, wringing more spark from every bit of gas and reducing the need for piping methane over long distances. And that’s important because some methane power plants barely manage efficiencies of around 30 percent.

But optimistically, we ought to find ways to wean ourselves from our addiction to all fossil fuels.

Technological applications aside, though, learning more about the various ways this insidious greenhouse gas breaks down in our environment can’t be a bad thing.

This research was published in Frontiers in Microbiology

 

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Surprising Discovery Reveals Sand Dunes ‘Breathe’ Water Vapor

Desert landscapes are not as lifeless as they look. Vast seas of sand dunes can not only grow, move, and interact with one another, a recent study suggests they can also ‘breathe’. 

 

Using a super-sensitive probe that took decades to invent, researchers have shown sand dunes regularly inhale and exhale tiny amounts of water vapor.

The inhales are harder to achieve when the sand is drier. But when the wind flows over the surface of a dune, it carries off the top layer, creating a rapid change in surface moisture and pressure. As a result, “evanescent waves of humidity” from the atmosphere above flow downward.

The probe used to detect this flow is so sensitive to moisture, it can pick up tiny films of water on a single grain of sand.

When plunged into a dune in the Qatar desert, the instrument was able to scan the temperature, radiation, and moisture in its surroundings on a millimeter-scale resolution in just 20 seconds.

These measurements were repeated every 2.7 minutes for two whole days, amassing a huge quantity of data.

The authors know of no other instruments that can keep tabs on a sand dune with such high spatial or temporal resolution.

In combination with data on wind speed and direction as well as ambient temperature and humidity, the authors have revealed an extremely subtle behavior of sand in the desert.

 

Unlike heat, which is conducted through individual sand grains, water vapor seems to percolate between grains.

The pores of a sand dune, therefore, carry moisture from the surface downward, and these pathways are made and remade as the wind blows.

“The wind flows over the dune and as a result creates imbalances in the local pressure, which literally forces air to go into the sand and out of the sand. So the sand is breathing, like an organism breathes,” explains mechanical engineer Michel Louge from Cornell University. 

This ‘breathing’ could be part of what allows microbes to live deep in sand dunes, even when no liquid water is available.

Interestingly, at the surface of the dune, the probe measured less evaporation than scientists were predicting. For such a hyper-arid region, the leaching of moisture from the sand dune to the atmosphere was a relatively slow chemical process.

“This is the first time that such low levels of humidity could be measured,” says Louge.

The sensitivity of the new probe is a feat of technology that could allow scientists to more accurately measure how agricultural lands turn to desert, a process exacerbated by climate change.

 

“The future of the Earth, if we continue this way, is a desert,” warns Louge.

Knowing more about how deserts work could, therefore, be really useful. And not just for a better understanding of our own planet.

Probes that can sensitively measure moisture within sand could help experts find invisible signs of water on, say, Mars.

Just because the desert looks deserted on the surface, doesn’t mean there isn’t life hiding below.

The study was published in the Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface.

 

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