Tag Archives: arrow

Desktop Intel Arrow Lake-S appears to follow Apple M SoCs with no Hyperthreading as internal documents leak key specs and chipset details – Notebookcheck.net

  1. Desktop Intel Arrow Lake-S appears to follow Apple M SoCs with no Hyperthreading as internal documents leak key specs and chipset details Notebookcheck.net
  2. Intel’s next-gen Arrow Lake CPUs might come without hyperthreaded cores — leak points to 24 CPU cores, DDR5-6400 support, and a new 800-series chipset Tom’s Hardware
  3. Intel’s Arrow Lake specs break cover: Say hello to DDR5-6400, wave goodbye to DDR4 and possibly Hyper-Threading PC Gamer
  4. Intel’s Arrow Lake CPUs Will Allegedly Ditch Hyper-Threading: Leak ExtremeTech
  5. Intel Arrow Lake-S Platform: Technical Specifications, Native Thunderbolt guru3d.com

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Leaked documents list Intel Arrow Lake-S with 8P+16E cores, 125W TDP, full 800-series chipset details – VideoCardz.com

  1. Leaked documents list Intel Arrow Lake-S with 8P+16E cores, 125W TDP, full 800-series chipset details VideoCardz.com
  2. Intel’s next-gen Arrow Lake CPUs might come without hyperthreaded cores — leak points to 24 CPU cores, DDR5-6400 support, and a new 800-series chipset Tom’s Hardware
  3. Intel Arrow Lake-S Desktop CPU Platform Leaks Out: 24 CPU Cores, DDR5-6400, 800-Series Motherboard Support Wccftech
  4. Intel 15th Gen Arrow Lake-S CPU Specs Leak Out: 24 Cores, no Hyper-Threading, and 125W TDP Hardware Times
  5. CPU-Z now works with ARM64 CPUs on Windows PCWorld

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Intel Arrow Lake-S Desktop CPU Platform Leaks Out: 24 CPU Cores, DDR5-6400, 800-Series Motherboard Support – Wccftech

  1. Intel Arrow Lake-S Desktop CPU Platform Leaks Out: 24 CPU Cores, DDR5-6400, 800-Series Motherboard Support Wccftech
  2. Intel’s next-gen Arrow Lake CPUs might come without hyperthreaded cores — leak points to 24 CPU cores, DDR5-6400 support, and a new 800-series chipset Tom’s Hardware
  3. Leaked documents list Intel Arrow Lake-S with 8P+16E cores, 125W TDP, full 800-series chipset details VideoCardz.com
  4. Intel 15th Gen Arrow Lake-S CPU Specs Leak Out: 24 Cores, no Hyper-Threading, and 125W TDP Hardware Times
  5. CPU-Z now works with ARM64 CPUs on Windows PCWorld

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Arrow and Heels star Stephen Amell reveals he does NOT support the ‘myopic’ SAG-AFTRA strike: ‘I think that it – Daily Mail

  1. Arrow and Heels star Stephen Amell reveals he does NOT support the ‘myopic’ SAG-AFTRA strike: ‘I think that it Daily Mail
  2. Stephen Amell Says He Doesn’t Support the Actors Strike: “It Is a Reductive Negotiating Tactic” Yahoo Entertainment
  3. Former ‘Arrow’ star Stephen Amell condemns SAG-AFTRA strike Entertainment Weekly News
  4. Stephen Amell Calls Actors Strike “Myopic” & “A Reductive Negotiating Tactic” Deadline
  5. Stephen Amell Doesn’t Support SAG-AFTRA Strike: ‘I Think It’s Myopic’ TVLine
  6. View Full Coverage on Google News

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Efficient Intel Meteor Lake described as “Zen 4 Phoenix Killer” as leak claims Intel is working on a 40-core Arrow Lake CPU – Notebookcheck.net

  1. Efficient Intel Meteor Lake described as “Zen 4 Phoenix Killer” as leak claims Intel is working on a 40-core Arrow Lake CPU Notebookcheck.net
  2. Intel To Host Innovation 2023 Event on 19th September: Meteor Lake, Raptor Lake Refresh & Alchemist+ Expected Wccftech
  3. Intel 14th Gen Meteor Lake CPU Launch on 19th September Alongside Raptor Lake Desktop Refresh? Hardware Times
  4. Intel Panther Lake and Beast Lake leak suggests up to 40% more single-core performance vs Arrow Lake for former and Extra Big cores for latter Notebookcheck.net
  5. Intel Innovation 2023 set for September 19, Raptor Lake Refresh launch? VideoCardz.com
  6. View Full Coverage on Google News

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Intel 15th Gen Arrow Lake CPUs to Feature up to 40 Cores, 2nm (20A) Process, and Foveros 3D Stacking [Rumor] – Hardware Times

  1. Intel 15th Gen Arrow Lake CPUs to Feature up to 40 Cores, 2nm (20A) Process, and Foveros 3D Stacking [Rumor] Hardware Times
  2. Intel Beast Lake: 10 performance cores and huge clocks to beat AMD’s X3D CPUs? TweakTown
  3. Intel Innovation 2023 set for September 19, Raptor Lake Refresh launch? VideoCardz.com
  4. Intel Arrow Lake Desktop CPUs With Up To 40 Cores & 40% Higher ST Performance, Panther Lake & Beast Lake With Higher MT & More P-Cores Wccftech
  5. Intel Arrow Lake flagship CPU could be a 40-core monster to destroy AMD Zen 5 TweakTown
  6. View Full Coverage on Google News

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Intel Arrow Lake Desktop CPUs With Up To 40 Cores & 40% Higher ST Performance, Panther Lake & Beast Lake With Higher MT & More P-Cores – Wccftech

  1. Intel Arrow Lake Desktop CPUs With Up To 40 Cores & 40% Higher ST Performance, Panther Lake & Beast Lake With Higher MT & More P-Cores Wccftech
  2. Asus Reveals New Mini-PC Packing an Intel Meteor Lake CPU Tom’s Hardware
  3. Intel’s next-gen Panther Lake CPUs rumored to feature Cougar Cove architecture VideoCardz.com
  4. Intel 15th Gen Arrow Lake CPUs to Feature up to 40 Cores, 2nm (20A) Process, and Foveros 3D Stacking [Rumor] Hardware Times
  5. Asus ExpertCenter PN65 mini PC on the way with 28-watt Intel Meteor Lake processor Liliputing
  6. View Full Coverage on Google News

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Raptor Lake Refresh In 2023, Meteor Lake Up To Core i7 With 6+16, Arrow Lake Up To Core i9 With 8+16 SKUs In 2024

New rumors regarding Intel’s next-gen desktop CPU lineup including Raptor Lake Refresh, Meteor Lake & Arrow Lake have been disclosed.

Intel Readies Raptor Lake Refresh Desktop CPUs For Late Q3 2023, Meteor Lake Up To Core i7 & Arrow Lake Up To Core i9 In 2024

Once again, we have the latest rumors coming from Enthusiast Citizen who talks about at least 3 upcoming Intel Desktop CPU families. These include the Intel Raptor Lake Refresh, Meteor Lake & Arrow Lake. The details can be found below.

Intel 13th Gen Raptor Lake Refresh Desktop CPU Lineup (2023):

Intel won’t be moving away from its 13th Gen Raptor Lake CPUs for the majority of 2023. In fact, the company plans on launching a Raptor Lake Refresh family around the second half of 2023, or Q3 to be precise. This family will be based on a slightly optimized 10ESF node, allowing the blue team to squeeze 100 or 200 MHz more out of the chips.

The company will also be launching the flagship Core i9-13900KS early next year but that’s not a part of the Raptor Lake Refresh family. A small bump in frequency may not be noticeable and won’t deliver the same kind of gains that AMD offers with its next-gen X3D parts which are expected in the first half of 2023. The 13th Gen Raptor Lake family will be compatible with the existing Intel LGA 1700/1800 socket.

Intel 14th Gen Meteor Lake Desktop CPU Lineup (2024)

Intel’s 14th Gen Meteor Lake-S Desktop CPUs will take a step back and reduce the number of P-Cores while retaining the number of E-Cores. The lineup listed in leaked charts includes five different SKU configurations with the top variants featuring up to 22 cores in a combination of 6 P-Cores and 16 E-Cores. The P-Cores on the Meteor Lake CPUs are based on the brand-new Redwood Cove architecture while the E-Cores will utilize the Crestmont design. Both of these are new and improved architecture as reported by Coelacanth-Dream a few weeks back.

The full list of configurations includes:

  • Meteor Lake-S 22 (6P + 16E) / 4 Xe Cores / 125W TDP
  • Meteor Lake-S 22 (6P + 16E) / 4 Xe Cores / 65W TDP
  • Meteor Lake-S 22 (6P + 16E) / 4 Xe Cores / 35W TDP
  • Meteor Lake-S 14 (6P + 8E) / 4 Xe Cores / 65WTDP
  • Meteor Lake-S 14 (6P + 8E) / 4 Xe Cores / 35WTDP

In addition to the SKUs, we also get to learn that all SKUs will feature at least 4 Xe Cores for the iGPU and that’s going to offer 64 Execution Units or 512 ALUs. That’s 2 Xe Cores less than the DG2-powered Arc A310 graphics card which is the lowest-tier discrete board in the family but an integrated GPU with this much capability will be on par or even better than the RDNA 2 iGPU on AMD’s Ryzen 7000 Desktop CPUs. Only the top die configuration will have a 125W “Unlocked” SKU range while the rest will come in the standard “Non-K” and “T” series with 65W and 35W TDPs.

The one thing to note here is that the 14th Gen Meteor Lake CPUs will only be available in up to Core i7 parts and there will be no Core i9 part due to the lowered core count. The CPU will retain the Intel 4 (CPU) + TSMC N5 (tGPU) + TSMC N6 (SOC) process nodes.

Intel 15th Gen Arrow Lake Desktop CPU Lineup (2024)

The Intel 15th Gen Arrow Lake-S Desktop CPUs will bring back the 24 cores that we get on Raptor Lake CPUs today. The Arrow Lake-S top die will utilize up to 24 cores which will be a combination of 8 Performance Cores and 16 Efficiency Cores. According to the Enthusiast Citizen, the lineup will only come in Core i7 and Core i9 flavors. The CPU will retain the Intel 4 (CPU) + TSMC N3 (GPU) SKU node layout. It is rumored that the 20A node won’t make its way to the desktop lineup. Following is the full list of SKUs to expect from the lineup:

  • Arrow Lake-S 24 (8P + 16E) / 4 Xe Cores / 125W TDP
  • Arrow Lake-S 24 (8P + 16E) / 4 Xe Cores / 65W TDP
  • Arrow Lake-S 24 (8P + 16E) / 4 Xe Cores / 35W TDP

Intel Desktop CPU Core Count Progression:

Family Name Total Cores Total Threads P-Cores E-Cores Year
Sandy Bridge 4 8 N/A N/A 2011
Ivy Bridge 4 8 N/A N/A 2012
Haswell 4 8 N/A N/A 2013
Broadwell 4 8 N/A N/A 2014
Skylake 4 8 N/A N/A 2015
Kaby Lake 4 8 N/A N/A 2017
Coffee Lake 6 12 N/A N/A 2017
Coffee Lake Refresh 8 16 N/A N/A 2018
Comet Lake 10 20 N/A N/A 2020
Rocket Lake 8 16 N/A N/A 2021
Alder Lake 16 24 8 8 2021
Raptor Lake 24 32 8 16 2022
Meteor Lake 22 28 6 16 ~2023
Arrow Lake 24 32 8 16 ~2024

The difference with the Arrow Lake-S lineup is that all of the configurations feature the top 24 core die and the only difference is the TDP itself. It is likely that lower core count SKUs will be derived from these dies. Intel also seems to have retained the 4 Xe Cores from the Meteor Lake lineup but we expect these to feature a brand new Arc graphics architecture. The 14th Gen Meteor Lake chips are based on a TSMC 5nm GPU architecture while the 15th Gen Arrow Lake CPUs will utilize a TSMC 3nm graphics architecture, as we reported here.

We can’t say for sure if Intel will retain the number of ALUs and EUs as the existing Alchemist chips on its future integrated GPUs but the Arrow Lake-P parts are expected to offer up to 2560 Xe Cores which is a 5x increase over the integrated GPUs on the desktop parts.

We know from previous reports that Intel is preparing a new socket known as “V” that will offer support for at least two generations of desktop CPUs, the Meteor Lake-S and Arrow Lake-S. This LGA 1851 socket will be very similar in dimensions to the existing LGA 1700/1800 socket but will offer more pins and added support for new/enhanced features.

During its recent investors call, Intel said that they are progressing really well on their Intel 4 & Intel 3 products. The 14th Gen Meteor Lake production stepping is scheduled to be delivered this quarter with a volume ramp in 2023 while Intel 3 is also expected to enter the early production phase by the end of 2023. Do note that these are early charts and we are still years away from the launch of Meteor Lake and Arrow Lake CPUs.

Intel Mainstream CPU Generations Comparison:

Intel CPU Family Processor Process Processor Architecture Processors Cores/Threads (Max) TDPs Platform Chipset Platform Memory Support PCIe Support Launch
Sandy Bridge (2nd Gen) 32nm Sandy Bridge 4/8 35-95W 6-Series LGA 1155 DDR3 PCIe Gen 2.0 2011
Ivy Bridge (3rd Gen) 22nm Ivy Bridge 4/8 35-77W 7-Series LGA 1155 DDR3 PCIe Gen 3.0 2012
Haswell (4th Gen) 22nm Haswell 4/8 35-84W 8-Series LGA 1150 DDR3 PCIe Gen 3.0 2013-2014
Broadwell (5th Gen) 14nm Broadwell 4/8 65-65W 9-Series LGA 1150 DDR3 PCIe Gen 3.0 2015
Skylake (6th Gen) 14nm Skylake 4/8 35-91W 100-Series LGA 1151 DDR4 PCIe Gen 3.0 2015
Kaby Lake (7th Gen) 14nm Skylake 4/8 35-91W 200-Series LGA 1151 DDR4 PCIe Gen 3.0 2017
Coffee Lake (8th Gen) 14nm Skylake 6/12 35-95W 300-Series LGA 1151 DDR4 PCIe Gen 3.0 2017
Coffee Lake (9th Gen) 14nm Skylake 8/16 35-95W 300-Series LGA 1151 DDR4 PCIe Gen 3.0 2018
Comet Lake (10th Gen) 14nm Skylake 10/20 35-125W 400-Series LGA 1200 DDR4 PCIe Gen 3.0 2020
Rocket Lake (11th Gen) 14nm Cypress Cove 8/16 35-125W 500-Series LGA 1200 DDR4 PCIe Gen 4.0 2021
Alder Lake (12th Gen) Intel 7 Golden Cove (P-Core)
Gracemont (E-Core)
16/24 35-125W 600 Series LGA 1700/1800 DDR5 / DDR4 PCIe Gen 5.0 2021
Raptor Lake (13th Gen) Intel 7 Raptor Cove (P-Core)
Gracemont (E-Core)
24/32 35-125W 700-Series LGA 1700/1800 DDR5 / DDR4 PCIe Gen 5.0 2022
Meteor Lake (14th Gen) Intel 4 Redwood Cove (P-Core)
Crestmont (E-Core)
22/28 35-125W 800 Series? LGA 1851 DDR5 PCIe Gen 5.0 2023
Arrow Lake (15th Gen) Intel 20A Lion Cove (P-Core)
Skymont (E-Core)
24/32 TBA 900-Series? LGA 1851 DDR5 PCIe Gen 5.0 2024
Lunar Lake (16th Gen) Intel 18A TBD TBA TBA 1000-Series? TBA DDR5 PCIe Gen 5.0? 2025
Nova Lake (17th Gen) Intel 18A TBD TBA TBA 2000-Series? TBA DDR5? PCIe Gen 6.0? 2026

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Intel Desktop Meteor Lake-S CPUs To Feature Up To 22 Cores, Arrow Lake-S Up To 24 Cores, Quad Xe iGPU Cores & 125W TDPs

Detailed configurations of Intel’s 14th Gen Meteor Lake-S and 15th Gen Arrow Lake-S Desktop CPUs have been leaked, giving us information about the various SKUs, core counts, TDPs & the integrated graphics configuration.

Intel Meteor Lake-S CPUs To Feature 6 Performance Cores, Arrow Lake-S With 8 P-Cores On LGA 1851 Socket

According to an internal Intel chart, the details of their 14th Gen and 15th Gen Desktop CPUs have leaked out. We know from previous reports that Intel is preparing a new socket known as “V” that will offer support for at least two generations of desktop CPUs, the Meteor Lake-S and Arrow Lake-S. This socket will be very similar in dimensions to the existing LGA 1700/1800 socket but will offer more pins and added support for new/enhanced features.

Based on the leaked slides, it looks like Intel’s 14th Gen Meteor Lake-S Desktop CPUs will take a step back and reduce the number of P-Cores while retaining the number of E-Cores. The lineup listed in the charts includes five different SKU configurations with the top variants featuring up to 22 cores in a combination of 6 P-Cores and 16 E-Cores. The P-Cores on the Meteor Lake CPUs are based on the brand-new Redwood Cove architecture while the E-Cores will utilize the Crestmont design. Both of these are new and improved architecture as reported by Coelacanth-Dream a few days back. The full list of configurations includes:

  • Meteor Lake-S 22 (6P + 16E) / 4 Xe Cores / 125W TDP
  • Meteor Lake-S 22 (6P + 16E) / 4 Xe Cores / 65W TDP
  • Meteor Lake-S 22 (6P + 16E) / 4 Xe Cores / 35W TDP
  • Meteor Lake-S 14 (6P + 8E) / 4 Xe Cores / 65WTDP
  • Meteor Lake-S 14 (6P + 8E) / 4 Xe Cores / 35WTDP

In addition to the SKUs, we also get to learn that all SKUs will feature at least 4 Xe Cores for the iGPU and that’s going to offer 64 Execution Units or 512 ALUs. That’s 2 Xe Cores less than the DG2-powered Arc A310 graphics card which is the lowest-tier discrete board in the family but an integrated GPU with this much capability will be on par or even better than the RDNA 2 iGPU on AMD’s Ryzen 7000 Desktop CPUs. Only the top die configuration will have a 125W “Unlocked” SKU range while the rest will come in the standard “Non-K” and “T” series with 65W and 35W TDPs.

Moving on, we have the 15th Gen Arrow Lake-S Desktop CPUs which will bring back the 24 cores that we get on Raptor Lake CPUs today. The Arrow Lake-S top die will utilize up to 24 cores which will be a combination of 8 Performance Cores and 16 Efficiency Cores. Following is the full list of SKUs to expect from the lineup:

  • Arrow Lake-S 24 (8P + 16E) / 4 Xe Cores / 125W TDP
  • Arrow Lake-S 24 (8P + 16E) / 4 Xe Cores / 65W TDP
  • Arrow Lake-S 24 (8P + 16E) / 4 Xe Cores / 35W TDP

Intel Desktop CPU Core Count Progression:

Family Name Total Cores Total Threads P-Cores E-Cores Year
Sandy Bridge 4 8 N/A N/A 2011
Ivy Bridge 4 8 N/A N/A 2012
Haswell 4 8 N/A N/A 2013
Broadwell 4 8 N/A N/A 2014
Skylake 4 8 N/A N/A 2015
Kaby Lake 4 8 N/A N/A 2017
Coffee Lake 6 12 N/A N/A 2017
Coffee Lake Refresh 8 16 N/A N/A 2018
Comet Lake 10 20 N/A N/A 2020
Rocket Lake 8 16 N/A N/A 2021
Alder Lake 16 24 8 8 2021
Raptor Lake 24 32 8 16 2022
Meteor Lake 22 28 6 16 ~2023
Arrow Lake 24 32 8 16 ~2024

The difference with the Arrow Lake-S lineup is that all of the configurations feature the top 24 core die and the only difference is the TDP itself. It is likely that lower core count SKUs will be derived from these dies. Intel also seems to have retained the 4 Xe Cores from the Meteor Lake lineup but we expect these to feature a brand new Arc graphics architecture. The 14th Gen Meteor Lake chips are based on a TSMC 5nm GPU architecture while the 15th Gen Arrow Lake CPUs will utilize a TSMC 3nm graphics architecture, as we reported here.

We can’t say for sure if Intel will retain the number of ALUs and EUs as the existing Alchemist chips on its future integrated GPUs but the Arrow Lake-P parts are expected to offer up to 2560 Xe Cores which is a 5x increase over the integrated GPUs on the desktop parts.

During its recent investors call, Intel said that they are progressing really well on their Intel 4 & Intel 3 products. The 14th Gen Meteor Lake production stepping is scheduled to be delivered this quarter with a volume ramp in 2023 while Intel 3 is also expected to enter the early production phase by the end of 2023. Do note that these are early charts and we are still years away from the launch of Meteor Lake and Arrow Lake CPUs

Intel Mainstream CPU Generations Comparison:

Intel CPU Family Processor Process Processor Architecture Processors Cores/Threads (Max) TDPs Platform Chipset Platform Memory Support PCIe Support Launch
Sandy Bridge (2nd Gen) 32nm Sandy Bridge 4/8 35-95W 6-Series LGA 1155 DDR3 PCIe Gen 2.0 2011
Ivy Bridge (3rd Gen) 22nm Ivy Bridge 4/8 35-77W 7-Series LGA 1155 DDR3 PCIe Gen 3.0 2012
Haswell (4th Gen) 22nm Haswell 4/8 35-84W 8-Series LGA 1150 DDR3 PCIe Gen 3.0 2013-2014
Broadwell (5th Gen) 14nm Broadwell 4/8 65-65W 9-Series LGA 1150 DDR3 PCIe Gen 3.0 2015
Skylake (6th Gen) 14nm Skylake 4/8 35-91W 100-Series LGA 1151 DDR4 PCIe Gen 3.0 2015
Kaby Lake (7th Gen) 14nm Skylake 4/8 35-91W 200-Series LGA 1151 DDR4 PCIe Gen 3.0 2017
Coffee Lake (8th Gen) 14nm Skylake 6/12 35-95W 300-Series LGA 1151 DDR4 PCIe Gen 3.0 2017
Coffee Lake (9th Gen) 14nm Skylake 8/16 35-95W 300-Series LGA 1151 DDR4 PCIe Gen 3.0 2018
Comet Lake (10th Gen) 14nm Skylake 10/20 35-125W 400-Series LGA 1200 DDR4 PCIe Gen 3.0 2020
Rocket Lake (11th Gen) 14nm Cypress Cove 8/16 35-125W 500-Series LGA 1200 DDR4 PCIe Gen 4.0 2021
Alder Lake (12th Gen) Intel 7 Golden Cove (P-Core)
Gracemont (E-Core)
16/24 35-125W 600 Series LGA 1700/1800 DDR5 / DDR4 PCIe Gen 5.0 2021
Raptor Lake (13th Gen) Intel 7 Raptor Cove (P-Core)
Gracemont (E-Core)
24/32 35-125W 700-Series LGA 1700/1800 DDR5 / DDR4 PCIe Gen 5.0 2022
Meteor Lake (14th Gen) Intel 4 Redwood Cove (P-Core)
Crestmont (E-Core)
22/28 35-125W 800 Series? LGA 1851 DDR5 PCIe Gen 5.0 2023
Arrow Lake (15th Gen) Intel 20A Lion Cove (P-Core)
Skymont (E-Core)
24/32 TBA 900-Series? LGA 1851 DDR5 PCIe Gen 5.0 2024
Lunar Lake (16th Gen) Intel 18A TBD TBA TBA 1000-Series? TBA DDR5 PCIe Gen 5.0? 2025
Nova Lake (17th Gen) Intel 18A TBD TBA TBA 2000-Series? TBA DDR5? PCIe Gen 6.0? 2026

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Physicists Are Unraveling the Mystery of the Arrow of Time

Scientists are unraveling the mystery of the arrow of time with important implications for physics, neuroscience, and biology. 

A new study by theoretical physicists has made progress toward identifying how particles and cells give rise to large-scale dynamics that we experience as the passage of time.

A central feature of how we experience the world is the flow of time from the past to the future. But it is a mystery precisely how this phenomenon, known as the arrow of time, arises from the microscopic interactions among particles and cells. Researchers at the CUNY Graduate Center Initiative for the Theoretical Sciences (ITS) are helping to unravel this enigma with the publication of a new paper in the journal Physical Review Letters. The findings could have important implications in a wide range of disciplines, including physics, neuroscience, and biology. 

Fundamentally, the arrow of time emerges from the second law of thermodynamics. This is the principle that microscopic arrangements of physical systems tend to increase in randomness, moving from order to disorder. The more disordered a system becomes, the more difficult it is for it to find its way back to an ordered state, and the stronger the arrow of time. In short, the universe’s propensity toward disorder is the fundamental reason why we experience time flowing in one direction.

“The two questions our team had were, if we looked at a particular system, would we be able to quantify the strength of its arrow of time, and would we be able to sort out how it emerges from the micro scale, where cells and neurons interact, to the whole system?” said Christopher Lynn,  a postdoctoral fellow with the ITS program and the paper’s first author. “Our findings provide the first step toward understanding how the arrow of time that we experience in daily life emerges from these more microscopic details.”

To begin answering these questions, the physicists explored how the arrow of time could be decomposed by observing specific parts of a system and the interactions between them. For example, the parts could be the neurons that function within a retina. Looking at a single moment, they showed that the arrow of time can be broken down into different pieces: those produced by parts working individually, in pairs, in triplets, or in more complicated configurations.

Armed with this method of decomposing the arrow of time, the scientists analyzed existing experiments on the response of neurons in a salamander retina to different movies. In one movie a single object moved randomly across the screen while another portrayed the full complexity of scenes found in nature. Across both movies, the team discovered that the arrow of time emerged from the simple interactions between pairs of neurons—not large, complicated groups. Surprisingly, the researchers also observed that the retina showed a stronger arrow of time when watching random motion than a natural scene. Lynn said this latter finding raises questions about how our internal perception of the arrow of time becomes aligned with the external world.

“These results may be of particular interest to neuroscience researchers,” said Lynn. “They could, for example, lead to answers about whether the arrow of time functions differently in brains that are neuroatypical.”

“Chris’ decomposition of local irreversibility—also known as the arrow of time—is an elegant, general framework that may provide a novel perspective for exploring many high-dimensional, nonequilibrium systems,” said David Schwab, the study’s principal investigator and a professor of Physics and Biology at the Graduate Center.

Reference: “Decomposing the local arrow of time in interacting systems” by Christopher W. Lynn, Caroline M. Holmes, William Bialek and David J. Schwab, Accepted, Physical Review Letters.

Authors in order: Christopher W. Lynn, Ph.D, postdoctoral fellow, CUNY Graduate Center; Caroline M. Holmes, Ph.D student, Princeton; William Bialek, Ph.D, Physics professor, CUNY Graduate Center; and David J. Schwab, Ph.D., Physics and Biology professor, CUNY Graduate Center

Funding sources: National Science Foundation,  National Institutes of Health, James S McDonnell Foundation, Simons Foundation, and Alfred P Sloan Foundation.



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