The formulas for determining the franchise and transition tags ultimately tie the amount at each position to a percentage of the salary cap. Thus, once the salary cap is known, the tag amounts are known.
With the salary cap at a record-high $224.8 million for 2023, the tags have been determined.
Per multiple reports, the franchise tags are as follows:
Quarterback: $32,416,000.
Running back: $10,091,000.
Receiver: $19,743,000.
Tight end: $11,345,000.
Offensive line: $18,244,000.
Defensive end: $19,727,000.
Defensive tackle: $18,937,000.
Linebacker: $20,926,000.
Cornerback: $18,140,000.
Safety: $14,460,000.
Kicker/punter: $5,393,000.
The franchise tag allows a player to negotiate with other teams and sign an offer sheet. If his current team doesn’t match the offer, the new team gives up two first-round picks.
The transition tag provides only a right to match, with no compensation. The transition tags are as follows:
Quarterback: $29,504,000.
Running back: $8,429,000.
Receiver: $17,991,000.
Tight end: $9,716,000.
Offensive line: $16,660,000.
Defensive end: $17,452,000.
Defensive tackle: $16,068,000.
Linebacker: $17,478,000.
Cornerback: $15,791,000.
Safety: $11,867,000.
Kicker/punter: $4,869,000.
The window for applying the tags opens on February 21 and closes on March 7. All that really matters is the deadline; unless, however, teams want to apply it before the Scouting Combine in an effort to tamp down the rampant tampering that happens in Indianapolis.
Welcome to the AS USA live blog on financial payments being sent by states to assist residents as inflation continues to rock the economy.
Last week, California sent out its first batch of payments for the Middle-Class Tax Refund, which will send checks worth up to $1,050 to millions of households across the state. Direct deposit payments will be made first.
Additionally, this week, the Social Security Administration will announce the 2023 Cost-of-living adjustment that will be made to payments in January.
Follow along for more news on the payments being sent in other states, as well as support that may come from the federal level.
Biden’s student loan forgiveness plan: When does it start, who qualifies and how to apply?
It was announced last August that a plan for accessing the student debt forgiveness plan would come in October. This is yet to have happened but CNN reports that the application plan is due out very, very soon, so you should keep switched on to the news or be aware of updates on the Federal Student Aid website as the details will be released there first.
Pell Grant recipients and non-grantees will be able to cut $20,000 and $10,000 in student loan debt, respectively, so long as they make under $125,000 a year (250,000 for married couples). Of those surveyed in a Data for Progress poll in August, 29 percent of students had less than $10,000 in debt, highlighting the large impact President Biden’s decision will have on millions of borrowers.
Read our full coverage for more details on President Biden’s plan to cancel some student loan debt.
Summary: Optimal intake of B-type procyanidins, a class of polyphenols found in apples, cocoa, and red wine, is linked to metabolic and the hormesis of hemodynamic responses.
Source: Shibaura Institute of Technology
B-type procyanidins, made of catechin oligomers, are a class of polyphenols found abundantly in foods like cocoa, apples, grape seeds, and red wine.
Several studies have established the benefits of these micronutrients in reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases and strokes. B-type procyanidins are also successful in controlling hypertension, dyslipidemia, and glucose intolerance.
Studies attest to the physiological benefits of their intake on the central nervous system (CNS), namely an improvement in cognitive functions.
These physiological changes follow a pattern of hormesis—a phenomenon in which peak benefits of a substance are achieved at mid-range doses, becoming progressively lesser at lower and higher doses.
The dose-response relationship of most bioactive compounds follows a monotonic pattern, in which a higher dose shows a greater response. However, in some exceptional cases, a U-shaped dose-response curve is seen.
This U-shaped curve signifies hormesis—an adaptive response, in which a low dose of usually a harmful compound induces resistance in the body to its higher doses. This means that exposure to low levels of a harmful trigger can induce the activation of stress-resistant pathways, leading to greater repair and regeneration capabilities.
In case of B-type procyanidins, several in vitro studies support their hormetic effects, but these results have not been demonstrated in vivo.
To address this knowledge gap, researchers from Shibaura Institute of Technology (SIT), Japan, led by Professor Naomi Osakabe from the Department of Bioscience and Engineering, reviewed the data from intervention trials supporting hormetic responses of B-type procyanidin ingestion.
The team, comprising Taiki Fushimi and Yasuyuki Fujii from the Graduate School of Engineering and Science (SIT), also conducted invivo experiments to understand possible connections between B-type procyanidin hormetic responses and CNS neurotransmitter receptor activation.
Their article was made available online on June 15, 2022 and has been published in volume 9 of Frontiers of Nutrition on September 7, 2022.
The researchers noted that a single oral administration of an optimal dose of cocoa flavanol temporarily increased the blood pressure and heart rate in rats. But the hemodynamics did not change when the dose was increased or decreased. Administration of B-type procyanidin monomer and various oligomers produced similar results.
According to Professor Osakabe, “These results are consistent with those of intervention studies following a single intake of food rich in B-type procyanidin, and support the U-shaped dose-response theory, or hormesis, of polyphenols.”
To observe whether the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is involved in the hemodynamic changes induced by B-type procyanidins, the team administered adrenaline blockers in test rats.
This successfully decreased the temporary increase in heart rate induced by the optimal dose of cocoa flavanol. A different kind of blocker—a1 blocker—inhibited the transient rise in blood pressure.
This suggested that the SNS, which controls the action of adrenaline blockers, is responsible for the hemodynamic and metabolic changes induced by a single oral dose of B-type procyanidin.
This suggested that the SNS, which controls the action of adrenaline blockers, is responsible for the hemodynamic and metabolic changes induced by a single oral dose of B-type procyanidin. Image is in the public domain
The researchers next ascertained why optimal doses, and not high doses, are responsible for the thermogenic and metabolic responses. They co-administered a high dose of cocoa flavanol and yohimbine (an α2 blocker) and noted a temporary but distinct increase in blood pressure in test animals. Similar observations were made with the use of B-type procyanidin oligomer and yohimbine.
Professor Osakabe surmises, “Since α2 blockers are associated with the down-regulation of the SNS, the reduced metabolic and thermogenic outputs at a high dose of B-type procyanidins seen in our study may have induced α2 auto-receptor activation. Thus, SNS deactivation may be induced by a high dose of B-type procyanidins.”
Previous studies have proven the role of the gut-brain axis in controlling hormetic stress-related responses. The activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis by optimal stress has a strong influence on memory, cognition, and stress tolerance.
This article highlights how HPA activation occurs after a single dose of B-type procyanidin, suggesting that stimulation with an oral dose of B-type procyanidin might be a stressor for mammals and cause SNS activation.
Hormesis and its triggering biochemical pathways deliver protection against various pathological and aging processes, enhancing our general health and making us resilient to future stress.
Though the exact relation between B-type procyanidins and the CNS needs more research, the health benefits of B-type procyanidin-rich foods remains undisputed.
Funding Information This study was supported by JSPS KAKENHI (Grant Number: 19H04036).
See also
About this diet and neuroscience research news
Author: Wang Yu Source: Shibaura Institute of Technology Contact: Wang Yu – Shibaura Institute of Technology Image: The image is in the public domain
Original Research: Open access. “Hormetic response to B-type procyanidin ingestion involves stress-related neuromodulation via the gut-brain axis: Preclinical and clinical observations” by Taiki Fushimi et al. Frontiers in Nutrition
Abstract
Hormetic response to B-type procyanidin ingestion involves stress-related neuromodulation via the gut-brain axis: Preclinical and clinical observations
B-type procyanidins, a series of catechin oligomers, are among the most ingested polyphenols in the human diet.
Results of meta-analyses have suggested that intake of B-type procyanidins reduces cardiovascular disease risk.
Another recent focus has been on the effects of B-type procyanidins on central nervous system (CNS) function.
Although long-term B-type procyanidin ingestion is linked to health benefits, a single oral intake has been reported to cause physiological alterations in circulation, metabolism, and the CNS.
Comprehensive analyses of previous reports indicate an optimal mid-range dose for the hemodynamic effects of B-type procyanidins, with null responses at lower or higher doses, suggesting hormesis.
Indeed, polyphenols, including B-type procyanidins, elicit hormetic responses in vitro, but animal and clinical studies are limited. Hormesis of hemodynamic and metabolic responses to B-type procyanidins was recently confirmed in animal studies, however, and our work has linked these effects to the CNS.
Here, we evaluate the hormetic response elicited by B-type procyanidins, recontextualizing the results of intervention trials. In addition, we discuss the possibility that this hormetic response to B-type procyanidins arises via CNS neurotransmitter receptors.
We have verified the direction of future research for B-type procyanidins in this review.
Adults should get 150 to 300 minutes of moderate physical activity or 75 to 150 minutes of vigorous physical activity a week, according to the World Health Organization. But people who surpass those levels live longer than those who don’t.
“It is also important to note that we found no harmful association among individuals who reported (more than four times) the recommended minimum levels of long-term leisure-time moderate and vigorous physical activity,” he added in an email.
Examples of moderate activity include a very brisk walk, mowing the lawn or playing tennis doubles, while vigorous activity includes things like hiking, jogging or playing soccer, according to the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health.
The study results support WHO’s current physical activity guidelines, but also pushes for higher levels to see even more benefit in living a longer life, Lee said.
How to add more movement
You may be thinking, “10 hours a week of moderate activity sounds like a lot. There is no way I can work that in with all my other responsibilities.”
And yes, it may take some intentionality and effort. But studies have also shown the best ways to work in exercise into routines so that they stick.
A megastudy published in December 2021 showed that the best exercise programs include planning when you work out, getting reminders, offering incentives and discouraging missing more than one planned workout in a row.
“If people are hoping to boost their physical activity or change their health behaviors, there are very low-cost behavioral insights that can be built into programs to help them achieve greater success,” said the December study’s lead author Katy Milkman, the James G. Dinan Professor at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania and author of “How to Change: The Science of Getting from Where You Are to Where You Want to Be.”
And you don’t have to add it all in at once. Just 11 minutes of exercise a day made a difference on life span, according to a 2021 study.
You can make it a brisk walk outside or on the treadmill, do four sets of a three-minute body-weight exercise sequence, practice a yoga flow or pick three upbeat songs to dance to, said CNN fitness contributor Dana Santas, a certified strength and conditioning specialist and mind-body coach in professional sports.
A delay in the brain’s processing speed is one of the key aspects of cognitive aging. Being able to think more quickly helps with planning, problem-solving, staying focused on tasks and the ability to easily engage in conversations with others.
“We found that greater physical activity was associated with greater thinking speed reserve in women, but not in men,” said study author Judy Pa, a professor of neurosciences at the University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, in a statement.
Mental processing speed in both sexes also benefited from cognitive activities such as playing card games and reading, according to the study, which Neurology, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology, published Wednesday.
“Taking part in more mental activities was associated with greater thinking speed reserve for both men and women,” said Pa, who is co-director of the Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study at UC San Diego.
However, any positive association between cognitive activities and memory reserve only applied to women, the study found.
“Any woman reading this story can feel empowered to take control of their brain health today by staying physically active and cognitively engaged,” said Dr. Richard Isaacson, director of the Alzheimer’s Prevention Clinic in the Center for Brain Health at Florida Atlantic University’s Schmidt College of Medicine. He was not involved in the study.
“In this study, a twofold increase in physical activity was equivalent to about 2.75 fewer years of processing speed aging in women,” Isaacson said. “Further, each extra cognitive activity corresponded to 13 fewer years of processing speed aging on average between women and men.”
Processing speed, not memory
The study asked 758 people with an average age of 76 about their weekly physical and mental activities. Participants earned points for each of three categories of cognitive engagement: taking classes on various subjects; playing cards, games or bingo; and reading magazines, newspapers or books.
Each person in the study underwent a brain scan and took thinking speed and memory tests: Some people showed signs of cognitive impairment and dementia while others had no thinking or memory problems. The researchers then compared those test results with brain scans of the hippocampus, a part of the brain associated with dementia.
Each additional mental activity, such as playing cards or reading, lessened the aging of that person’s mental processing speed by an average of 13 years — 17 years among men and 10 years among women, the study found.
“As we have arguably few-to-no effective treatments for Alzheimer’s disease, prevention is crucial. An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of treatment,” Pa said. “To know that people could potentially improve their cognitive reserve by taking simple steps such as going to classes at the community center, playing bingo with their friends or spending more time walking or gardening is very exciting.”
However, the study did not find any significant impact on memory. For example, greater physical activity was not associated with additional memory reserve in men or women. Why? That’s a complicated question, said Isaacson, who also serves as a trustee of the McKnight Brain Research Foundation, which focuses on cognitive aging research and education.
“Was the memory test being used sensitive enough to detect change? Were the people in the study exercising enough to really move the needle?” Isaacson asked.
“In our work, we have found that certain people need to really commit to their exercise program to demonstrate effects on the memory domain,” he said. “For example, people with one or more copies of the APOE4 genetic variant need to participate in more intense cardiovascular exercise programs, such as high-intensity interval training on a regular basis, to show positive effects.”
A genetic risk for Alzheimer’s
People who carry at least one copy of a gene called APOE4 have a greater risk of developing the characteristic beta-amyloid plaques and tau tangles of Alzheimer’s as they age.
Women in the new study carrying an APOE4 gene did not see the same benefits to their cognitive reserve from additional physical and mental activities.
“The most interesting aspect of the study is that APOE4 differentiated women from men,” said Rudy Tanzi, professor of neurology at Harvard Medical School and director of the genetics and aging research unit at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston.
“It’s possible that APOE4 either increases amyloid burden in women more than men. Or, perhaps, once amyloid accumulates, it leads to a fast cascade of pathology and neurodegenration in women versus men,” said Tanzi, who was not involved in the study.
“The study also implies that women who carry the APOE4 risk (gene varient) for Alzhiemer’s may need to be extra diligent about practicing a more brain-healthy lifestyle,” he added.
The study had limitations: Participants self-reportedphysical and mental activity, so people may not have remembered correctly. Nor did the study control for other factors, such as education, that impact how well a person’s brain ages.
“While exercise and staying mentally engaged shined through in this study, a comprehensive approach toward reducing Alzheimer’s risk factors is the best recipe for success,” Isaacson said.
“Any prevention plan should also include regular follow-up with a primary care physician, management of vascular risk factors like blood pressure, blood sugar, and cholesterol, avoiding smoking, minimizing alcohol use, prioritizing sleep, managing stress, and following a Mediterranean-style diet, among many other suggestions,” he said.
The first pictures of MSI’s next-gen X670E GODLIKE, X670E ACE, X670E CARBON WIFI, & X670-P WIFImotherboards for AMD Ryzen 7000 Desktop CPUs have been leaked and detailed.
MSI MEG X670E GODLIKE, MEG X670E ACE, MPG X670E Carbon WIFI, PRO X670-P WIFI Motherboards Leaked & Detailed
The pictures leaked by the Twitter leaker, chi11eddog, show three new motherboards that MSI is working on for AMD’s Ryzen 7000 Desktop CPUs. These include the:
Watch The AMD Computex 2022 Keynote Live Here – Ryzen 7000 CPUs, AM5 Motherboards, Next-Gen GPUs & More
MEG X670E GODLIKE
MEG X670E ACE
MPG X670E CARBON WiIFI
PRO X670-P WIFI
MPG X670E CARBON WIFI 😉😉😉😉😉😉😉😉😉😉😉😉😉😉😉😉😉😉+😉😉 90A ,brand new appearance PRO X670-P WIFI 😀😀😀😀😀😀😀😀😀😀😀😀😀😀+😀😀 80A, huge huge huge upgrade
HDMI 2.1 FRL + DP 1.4 HBR3 @ 4K120😀 2.5G+WIFI 6E
GODLIKE🧐 ACE🧐
btw, ID with New Symbol? 🤔🤔🤔 pic.twitter.com/eV5k1DmPdR
— chi11eddog (@g01d3nm4ng0) May 22, 2022
According to the leak, the pictures give us a first look at the design of the MSI MPG X670E Carbon WIFI while also detailing the I/O of the flagship MEG X670E GODLIKE and X670E ACE offerings. The lineup also features a singular PRO offering, the X670-P WIFI which will come with both PCIe Gen 5.0 and 4.0 support while the X670E offerings will feature all PCIe Gen 5.0 support. The board does look like it comes with a massive VRM heatsink with a new logo design & the picture also confirms a Lightning Gen 5 M.2 port on the Carbon along with the PCIe Gen 5.0 x16 slot.
Based on the details posted by the leaker, the MSI MPG X670E Carbon WIFI will come with an 18+2 phase (90A) VRM design while the PRO X670-P WIFI will feature a 14+2 (80A) phase design. Both of these are more of the mainstream offerings so we can expect over 20 VRM phases just for the CPU (AMD Ryzen 7000) on the flagship MEG offerings. Other features include HDMI 2.1 FRL, DP1.4 HBR 3 (4K 120Hz) display outputs, 2.5G Ethernet LAN port, and WiFI 6E capabilities. Plus, there are a hand-full amount of USB Gen 2 ports on each motherboard which will make these a great choice for new Ryzen builders.
MSI MPG X670E Carbon WiFI I/O Plate:
AMD Patents Automatic Memory Overclocking Tool For Ryzen CPUs
MSI PRO X670-P WIFI I/O Plate:
ASUS, Gigabyte & ASRock have already leaked their own lineup so it looks like we can expect a huge array of AMD Ryzen 7000 AM5 motherboards based on the X670E, X670, and B650 chipsets at Computex 2022, next week.
As you may know, the Pixel Watch is coming. Long a figment of tech enthusiasts’ imaginations, this year it’s actually real – Google itself confirmed as much, seemingly unable to keep it a secret even though the launch is only happening “this fall”, which probably translates into October.
So, we have a few months of Pixel Watch leaks ahead of us, and the latest one from about a week ago told us that the wearable would use Samsung’s Exynos 9110 chipset. That’s a bit concerning since that SoC came out in 2018 and is built on a 10nm process.
Today a new source seemingly corroborates the above intel, adding a twist: apparently the Pixel Watch will indeed use the Exynos 9110, but it will also have a co-processor on board. This reminds us of Qualcomm’s Snapdragon Wear 4100+ SoC which has a main CPU as well as a secondary ultra low power co-processor that powers the always-on display and some sensors.
This achieves better battery life since the main CPU is only used when you’re actively engaged with your device, and it also offloads some lighter workflows from said main CPU so that it performs a tad better when you need it to. Will the same apply to the Pixel Watch? There’s no way to tell just by the mere mention of a co-processor, we’d need more details, but we’ll surely be getting those in the following weeks and months, don’t worry.
Moving on, the Pixel Watch is also said to “slightly surpass” the Galaxy Watch4’s 1.5GB of RAM, whatever that means. 1.55GB? 2GB? Your guess is as good as ours, but it seems pretty clear that the Pixel Watch won’t be left wanting for memory. What’s more, it will get 32GB of storage, which is twice as much as any other Wear OS device available right now.
The sensors on the back of the wearable are visibly identical to the sensor array used in the Fitbit Luxe and Fitbit Charge 5. The hardware in question supports heart rate monitoring, SpO2 (blood oxygen), and ECG, and as Google owns Fitbit reusing sensors like this makes perfect sense.
Moderna’s Chief Medical Officer Paul Burton said on Sunday that his company was preparing to provide large amounts of its vaccine booster against omicron and other COVID-19 variants this fall.
“We’re confident by the fall of this year we should have large amounts of that new booster vaccine that will protect against Omicron and other variants,” Burton said in an interview on CBS’s “Face the Nation.”
Last month, Moderna announced that its new bivalent COVID-19 booster shot was more effective against all variants than the company’s currently available coronavirus vaccine.
The company has said it expects initial data on its omicron-specific vaccine to be available in the second quarter of this year
Burton also made a general push on Sunday for people who have not already done so to receive their COVID-19 booster.
“People are eligible now to get boosted. I would absolutely recommend it,” he said on Sunday.
Also on “Face the Nation,” former member of the Trump administration’s White House coronavirus task force, Deborah Birx, urged the U.S. to ramp up on its preparations for a potential COVID-19 surge in the summer, citing increasing case numbers in South Africa.
“Each of these surges are about four to six months apart,” she said of the South African outbreaks. “That tells me that natural immunity wanes enough in the general population after four to six months that a significant surge is going to occur again. And this is what we have to be prepared for in this country.”
As of Saturday, the U.S. reported 23,349 daily COVID-19 cases, far below more than a million daily cases seen during the omicron outbreak in January.
Even small doses of physical activity may substantially lower the risk of depression, according to a new data analysis. (KieferPix, Shutterstock)
Estimated read time: 3-4 minutes
WASHINGTON — Get up and move — even small doses of physical activity, such as brisk walking, may substantially lower the risk of depression, according to a new data analysis.
“Most benefits are realized when moving from no activity to at least some,” the study authors wrote.
Recommended levels of exercise in the United States, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, include aerobic activity at moderate levels (such as a brisk walk) for 2.5 hours a week, along with a workout of all major muscle groups twice a week.
Alternatively, a person can choose a vigorous aerobic exercise, such as running, for 1.25 hours each week, along with the same amount of strength training.
Moderate to vigorous exercise is good for us, according to the CDC. It improves sleep; lowers blood pressure; protects against heart disease, diabetes and cancer; reduces stress; boosts mood; and fights anxiety and depression.
But in today’s busy world, many people find it difficult to fit in a jog or a visit to the gym. Add depression to the mix, and the motivation for exercise drops even further, experts say.
Every little bit helps
The meta-analysis, published Wednesday in the journal JAMA Psychiatry, looked at 15 studies involving over 190,000 people to determine how much exercise was needed to reduce depression.
Adults who did activities equivalent to 1.25 hours of brisk walking per week had an 18% lower risk of depression compared with those who did not exercise, the study said.
Moving up to an “activity volume equivalent to 2.5 hours of brisk walking per week was associated with 25% lower risk of depression,” the study authors said.
Even just walking just three times a week seems to give people better mental health than not exercising at all.
–Adam Chekroud, Yale University
The benefits were strongest when a person transitioned from being a couch potato to adding movement to the day, the study said. However, exercising over the recommended levels did not provide any additional benefits.
“Our findings therefore have important new implications for health practitioners making lifestyle recommendations, especially to inactive individuals who may perceive the current recommended target (of exercise) as unrealistic,” the authors wrote.
Prior research
A study published in 2018 found similar results: People who exercised had about 43% fewer days of poor mental health.
“Even just walking just three times a week seems to give people better mental health than not exercising at all,” study author Adam Chekroud, an assistant adjunct professor of psychiatry at Yale University, told CNN at the time.
Exercising in 45-minute sessions three to five times a week was the most beneficial for improving mental health, the 2018 study found. However, even doing household chores reduced poor mental health days by about 10%, the study said.
A study published in 2020 found that even light exercise helped protect children against developing depression. The 2020 study revealed that 60 minutes of simple movement each day at age 12 was linked to an average 10% reduction in depression at age 18.
The types of movement included running, biking and walking, as well as activities like doing chores, painting or playing an instrument.
