Health

Ugly Side Effects of Taking Melatonin Before Bed

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Did you know that your brain naturally creates the hormone melatonin when you’re in a dark environment? The hormone supports your body’s circadian rhythms, as well as daily sleep, according to the National Institutes of Health. That being said, because sleep isn’t perfect or consistent for everyone a lot of the time, many choose to supplement in hopes it can be improved.

One of the main powers of a melatonin supplement is that it can support better, deep sleep. “Melatonin is generally safe when taken in low dosages and is for short-term use only,” suggests Deena Adimoolam, MD, a member of the Eat This, Not That! medical expert board and specialist in endocrinology and metabolism. While over-the-counter melatonin is generally safe to use in moderation, you should still ask your doctor if it’s best for you and your individual body, she goes on to explain. Because whether it’s in the form of a gummy or a capsule, it’s possible that this bedtime supplement has the potential to cause you harm or ugly side effects.

There are always dangers when it comes to taking any supplements to fill in any gaps for the needs of your body. And that still includes those that are made up of natural or organic compounds, such as melatonin. So, before you get all cozy in bed and pull up the covers, make sure that your nighttime routine isn’t negatively affecting your health. Read on to learn more about the ugly side effects of melatonin, and next, check out The 5 Healthiest Supplements to Take, According to Doctors.

Read the original article on Eat This, Not That!

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Health

Fungi grow inside cancerous tumors, scientists discover

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Scientists discovered traces of fungi lurking in the tumors of people with different types of cancer, including breast, colon, pancreatic and lung cancers. However, it’s still not clear that theise fungi plays any role in the development or progression of cancer. 

Two new studies, both published Sept. 29 in the journal Cell, uncovered DNA from fungal cells hiding out in tumors throughout the body.  In one study (opens in new tab), researchers dusted for the genetic fingerprints of fungi in 35 different cancer types by examining more than 17,000 tissue, blood and plasma samples from cancer patients. Not every single tumor tissue sample tested positive for fungus, but overall, the team did find fungi in all 35 cancer types assessed. 

“Some tumors had no fungi at all, and some had a huge amount of fungi,” co-senior author Ravid Straussman, a cancer biologist at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot, Israel, told STAT (opens in new tab); often, though, when tumors contained fungi they did so in “low abundances,” the team noted in their report. 

Based on the amount of fungal DNA his team uncovered, Straussman estimated that some tumors contain one fungal cell for every 1,000 to 10,000 cancer cells. If you consider that a small tumor can be laden with a billion or so cancer cells, you can imagine that fungi may “have a big effect on cancer biology,” he said. 

Related: Dormant cancer cells may ‘reawaken’ due to change in this key protein

Straussman and his team found that each cancer type tended to be associated with its own unique collection of fungal species; these included typically harmless fungi known to live in humans and some that can cause diseases, like yeast infections. In turn, these fungal species often coexisted with particular bacteria within the tumor. For now, it’s unknown if and how these microbes interact in the tumor and if their interactions help fuel the cancers’ spread.

The second Cell study (opens in new tab) uncovered similar results to the first but focused specifically on gastrointestinal, lung and breast tumors, Nature reported (opens in new tab). The researchers found that each of those three cancer types tended to host the fungal genuses Candida, Blastomyces and Malassezia, respectively. 

Both research groups found hints that the growth of certain fungi may be linked to worse cancer outcomes. For example, Straussman’s group found that breast cancer patients with the fungus Malassezia globosa in their tumors showed worse survival rates than patients whose tumors lacked the fungus. The second group, led by immunologist Iliyan Iliev at Weill Cornell Medicine in New York City, found that patients with a relatively high abundance of Candida in their gastrointestinal tumors showed increased gene activity linked to rampant inflammation, cancer spread and poor survival rates, Nature reported. 

Despite these early hints, neither study can definitively say if fungi actually drive these poor outcomes or if aggressive cancers just create an environment where these fungi can easily grow. The studies also don’t address if fungi can contribute to cancer development, pushing healthy cells to turn cancerous,

Both studies come with similar limitations. For example, both pulled tissue and blood samples from existing databases, and it’s possible that some samples may have been contaminated with fungi during the collection process, Ami Bhatt, a microbiome specialist at Stanford University in California, told Nature. Both research groups attempted to weed out such contaminants, but even with these precautions, Bhatt said that it would be best if the results could be replicated with samples taken in a sterile environment.  

Straussman told STAT that these initial studies serve as a springboard for future research into mycobiota, meaning the communities of microbes associated with cancers. “As a field, we need to evaluate everything we know about cancer,” he said. “Look at everything through the lens of the microbiome — the bacteria, the fungi, the tumors, even viruses. There are all these creatures in the tumor, and they must have some effect.” 

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US

Supreme Court will hear social media cases that test Section 230

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The Supreme Court on Monday said it will hear a case that tests the limits of Section 230, the U.S. legal provision that protects social media companies from liability for what third parties post to their sites.

The high court’s decision in the case, which involves Google’s alleged responsibility for terrorist propaganda on its subsidiary YouTube, could have long-lasting ramifications for how internet sites treat users’ posts.

The case was brought by the family of Nohemi Gonzalez, a 23-year-old student who was killed in a 2015 ISIS terrorist attack in Paris. The suit alleges that Google’s YouTube “aided and abetted” ISIS, in part by allowing its algorithms to recommend video content from the terrorist group.

Section 230 was passed in 1996 and is credited with helping lay the groundwork for the internet as we now know it. It broadly immunizes websites and online platforms, including social media sites like YouTube, Facebook and Twitter, from being held responsible in civil lawsuits for what their users post.

Section 230: The little law that defined how the Internet works

The law has sparked controversy for years, heating up significantly during the Trump administration, when the president pointed to the law as supposedly enabling social media companies to “censor” conservatives online.

Politicians on both sides of the aisle have called for reforms to 230, including President Biden.

“The entire scope of Section 230 could be at stake, depending on what the Supreme Court wants to do,” said Jeff Kosseff, a cybersecurity law professor at the U.S. Naval Academy and the author of a book on Section 230, “The Twenty-Six Words That Created the internet.”

Relatives of Gonzalez contend that YouTube used its computer algorithms to recommend ISIS videos to users who might be interested in them, using the information the company collects about users. YouTube and many other social media companies use such algorithms to keep people engaged on their sites by showing them posts, videos, photos and other content similar to material they have already viewed.

The complaint alleged that officials at parent company Google were aware its technology was aiding ISIS.

“Videos that users viewed on YouTube were the central manner in which ISIS enlisted support and recruits from areas outside the portions of Syria and Iraq which it controlled,” the plaintiffs alleged in their request for the Supreme Court to consider the case.

Google has argued that “the complaint does not allege that any terrorists saw such a recommendation or that such recommendations had any connection to the Paris attack.” In court documents, the company argued that this case was not the appropriate way to consider Section 230.

The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit agreed that “230 barred most of plaintiffs’ claims.”

Florida brings battle over social media regulation to Supreme Court

The Supreme Court’s action marked the first time the court will directly evaluate Section 230, said Eric Goldman, a professor and co-director of the High Tech Law Institute at Santa Clara University School of Law. It sets up the court to possibly draw a line between social media’s processes of manually recommending content versus using algorithms, which he called a “false dichotomy.”

“The question presented creates a false dichotomy that recommending content is not part of the traditional editorial functions,” he said. “The question presented goes to the very heart of Section 230 and that makes it a very risky case for the internet.”

The Supreme Court also said Monday it would consider a separate but related lawsuit involving Twitter. That case was filed by relatives of Nawras Alassaf, who was killed in a terrorist attack in Istanbul in 2017. The claim accused Twitter, Facebook and Google of violating the Anti-Terrorism Act by allowing ISIS to use their sites.

The lower courts did not directly address the issue of Section 230 in this case, however, and Twitter asked for the Supreme Court to consider the case if it also heard the Google case.

Will Oremus contributed to this report.

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Science

Water droplets hold the secret ingredient for building life

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Credit: CC0 Public Domain

Purdue University chemists have uncovered a mechanism for peptide-forming reactions to occur in water—something that has puzzled scientists for decades.

“This is essentially the chemistry behind the origin of life,” said Graham Cooks, the Henry Bohn Hass Distinguished Professor of Analytical Chemistry in Purdue’s College of Science.”This is the first demonstration that primordial molecules, simple amino acids, spontaneously form peptides, the building blocks of life, in droplets of pure water. This is a dramatic discovery.”

This water-based chemistry, which leads to proteins and so to life on Earth, could also lead to the faster development of drugs to treat humanity’s most debilitating diseases. The team’s discovery was published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

For decades scientists have theorized that life on Earth began in the oceans. The chemistry, however, remained an enigma. Raw amino acids—something that meteorites delivered to early Earth daily—can react and latch together to form peptides, the building blocks of proteins and, eventually, life. Puzzlingly, the process requires the loss of a water molecule, which seems highly unlikely in a wet, aqueous or oceanic environment. For life to form, it needed water. But it also needed space away from the water.

Cooks, an expert in mass spectrometry and early Earth chemistry, and his team have uncovered the answer to the riddle: “Water isn’t wet everywhere.” On the margins, where the water droplet meets the atmosphere, incredibly rapid reactions can take place, transforming abiotic amino acids into the building blocks of life. Places where sea spray flies into the air and waves pound the land, or where fresh water burbles down a slope, were fertile landscapes for life’s potential evolution.

The chemists have spent more than 10 years using mass spectrometers to study chemical reactions in droplets containing water.

“The rates of reactions in droplets are anywhere from a hundred to a million times faster than the same chemicals reacting in bulk solution,” Cooks said.

The rates of these reactions make catalysts unnecessary, speeding up the reactions and, in the case of early Earth chemistry, making the evolution of life possible. Understanding how this process works has been the goal of decades of scientific research. The secret of how life arose on Earth can help scientists understand why it happened and inform the search for life on other planets, or even moons.

Understanding how amino acids built themselves up into proteins and, eventually, life-forms revolutionizes scientists’ understanding of chemical synthesis. That same chemistry could now aid synthetic chemists in speeding the reactions critical to discovering and developing new drugs and therapeutic treatments for diseases.

“If you walk through an academic campus at night, the buildings with the lights on are where synthetic chemists are working,” Cooks said. “Their experiments are so slow that they run for days or weeks at a time. This isn’t necessary, and using droplet chemistry, we have built an apparatus, which is being used at Purdue now, to speed up the synthesis of novel chemicals and potential new drugs.”

Scientists discover new ‘origins of life’ chemical reactions

More information:
Holden, Dylan T. et al, Aqueous microdroplets enable abiotic synthesis and chain extension of unique peptide isomers from free amino acids, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2022). DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2212642119. doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2212642119
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The fountain of life: Water droplets hold the secret ingredient for building life (2022, October 3)
retrieved 3 October 2022
from https://phys.org/news/2022-10-fountain-life-droplets-secret-ingredient.html

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Health

Knowing Your Blood Type Is Useful: 3 Easy Ways to Find Out Yours

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Knowing your blood type is important. I was recently filling out a volunteer application and was asked to provide my blood type. Luckily, I knew off the top of my head that I’m type O-positive, but I wanted to find documentation to confirm that. I called my mom to see if blood type is listed on my birth certificate — no luck. I checked my physician’s health portal — also no luck. 

So how does someone figure out their blood type if they don’t already know it?

If you have no clue what your type is, you’re not alone. According to a 2019 CBS News poll, only 66% of Americans reported knowing their blood type. Considering blood type can be vital to understanding your health, including your heart health — and of course, saving you in an emergency — it’s important to know what kind of blood courses through your veins. Finding out your blood type is relatively simple. Here are three easy ways to find out your blood type. 

Read also: 5 Unexpected Reasons You Get So Many Mosquito Bites: Blood Type, Clothing and More

Blood type basics

Blood type is categorized into one of these eight groups: A-positive, A-negative, B-positive, B-negative, O-positive, O-negative, AB-positive and AB-negative. But what determines blood type and what does that blood type mean?

Blood types are determined by antigens — a substance that triggers an immune response — on the surface of red blood cells. There are ABO antigens, which designate ABO blood types. This is determined by the ABO gene. For example:

  • Type A blood type has the A antigen
  • Type B blood type has the B antigen
  • Type AB blood type has both the A and B antigen
  • Type O doesn’t produce any A nor B antigen

There are also Rhesus (Rh) antigens, which determine if blood is “positive” or “negative.” If you have Rh proteins on the surface of your red blood cells, you are Rh positive. If you don’t have Rh proteins on the surface of your red blood cells, you have negative blood.

Blood type is categorized into one of these eight groups: A-positive, A-negative, B-positive, B-negative, O-positive, O-negative, AB-positive and AB-negative.


Ekachai Lohacamonchai/EyeEm/Getty Images

How can you type your blood?

Here’s three main ways to type your blood:

  • Have your doctor do a blood test 
  • Donate blood
  • Use an at-home blood test

1. Clinical test

One of the easiest and most effective ways to determine blood type is to have your doctor perform a test. A professional will draw blood and then perform two tests on the blood sample: forward typing and reverse typing. 

During forward typing, the blood sample is mixed with antibodies against type A and B blood. Based on whether the blood cells stick together when mixed with the antibodies, your blood type can be determined from there. If your blood cells stick together when mixed with antibodies against type B blood, you have type B blood. If your blood cells stick together when mixed with antibodies against type A blood, you have type A blood.

To confirm the result, the next step is reverse typing, meaning the blood sample without red blood cells — called a serum — is mixed with type A and type B blood cells. Type A blood will have antibodies against Type B blood in the sample and type B blood will have antibodies against Type A blood. Type O blood will contain antibodies against Type A and Type B. So, if sticking occurs when the serum is mixed with type B blood cells, you have type A blood, and if sticking occurs when the serum is mixed with type A blood cells, you have type B blood. 

I recommend calling your doctor’s office to see what a blood type test costs out-of-pocket and if it’s covered by insurance. 

2. Donate blood

This is an easy — and free — way to determine blood type, but results are not immediate.

If you donate to a blood drive, you can simply ask the staff about your blood type. Blood usually is not tested right away, so it may take up to a few weeks to get results. 

With at-home kits, you can determine blood type in the comfort of your own home in just a few minutes. 


EldonCard

3. At-home blood test

At-home tests are relatively straightforward. You will usually start by wiping your finger with an alcohol wipe and then be required to prick your finger with a disposable lancet to draw blood. Then, you will wipe blood on the provided card. Depending on how the blood dries, clumps or spreads, you will be able to compare your blood stain to a results card. Within minutes, you’ll be able to determine which blood type you are. 

More for your wellness

The information contained in this article is for educational and informational purposes only and is not intended as health or medical advice. Always consult a physician or other qualified health provider regarding any questions you may have about a medical condition or health objectives.

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Business

Kim Kardashian pays $1.3 million fine to SEC over hyping crypto on Instagram

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New York
CNN Business
 — 

Kim Kardashian agreed to pay a $1.26 million fine to the Securities and Exchange Commission to settle civil charges after the reality TV star touted a crypto asset, EthereumMax, on Instagram.

The SEC charged Kardashian with failure to disclose that she was paid $250,000 to publish her Instagram post. In addition to paying the fine, she agreed to cooperate with the SEC’s ongoing investigation.

“This case is a reminder that, when celebrities or influencers endorse investment opportunities, including crypto asset securities, it doesn’t mean that those investment products are right for all investors,” said SEC Chair Gary Gensler. “We encourage investors to consider an investment’s potential risks and opportunities in light of their own financial goals.”

Kardashian also agreed to not promote any crypto securities for three years.

“Ms. Kardashian is pleased to have resolved this matter with the SEC,” said a statement from her attorneys. “Kardashian fully cooperated with the SEC from the very beginning and she remains willing to do whatever she can to assist the SEC in this matter. She wanted to get this matter behind her to avoid a protracted dispute. The agreement she reached with the SEC allows her to do that so that she can move forward with her many different business pursuits.”

The SEC found that Kardashian violated the anti-touting provision of federal securities laws. Kardashian agreed to the order without admitting or denying the SEC’s findings.

The settlement includes a $1 million fine and forfeiting the $250,000 payment she received, plus interest.

Gensler tweeted that “any celebrity or influencer’s incentives aren’t necessarily aligned with yours.” He said the investing public shouldn’t confuse the skills of celebrities “with the very different skills needed to offer appropriate investment advice.”

The SEC may have targeted Kardashian as a way to send a message to other influencers who might be promoting crypto currencies or other investment assets, said Charles Whitehead, professor at Cornell Law School. He called it a “shot across the bow” for celebrity crypto endorsers.

“It’s a way to signal to other influencers: if you’re thinking about dealing with crypto, think twice,” said Whitehead. “The SEC is also using her as an influencer – but to boost compliance with securities laws. [It’s a] smart way to bring attention to the matter so others won’t do it.”

Kardashian isn’t the first celebrity to pay an SEC fine for using their influence to push crypto currencies. In 2018 boxer Floyd Mayweather Jr. and music producer DJ Khaled each paid fines for pushing cryptos. Mayweather, who had been compensated $300,000, paid a bit more than $600,000 in penalties, while Khaled, who had been paid $50,000, was hit with penalties topping $150,000. In addition actor Steven Segal paid more than $300,000 in penalties for doing the same thing in 2020.

05:42
– Source:
CNN Business

Feeling crypto FOMO? Scammers are counting on it

In a June 13, 2021 Instagram post Kardashian wrote, “Are you guys into crypto? This is not financial advice but sharing what my friends told me about the ethereum max token!” She added different hashtags, including #ad, along with #emax and #disrupthistory, among others.

The SEC said she had 225 million Instagram followers at the time of the post.

The #ad is not sufficient to comply with SEC laws in regards to touting investments, Gensler said in an interview on CNBC Monday.

“If you’re advertising perfume, or you’re advertising vacation homes or anything else on the internet, there are various laws related to that. But these are the securities laws,” he said.

Kardashian’s net worth is estimated at $1.8 billion according to Forbes. So a $1.26 million fine is the equivalent of a fine of less than $100 for a typical US family, which has a net worth of about $122,000 according to the most recent estimates by the Federal Reserve.



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Science

SpaceX rolls rocket to pad ahead of Crew-5 astronaut launch (photos)

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The hardware that will fly SpaceX’s next astronaut mission for NASA is poised and ready for liftoff.

The Crew-5 mission is scheduled to launch at noon EDT (1600 GMT) on Wednesday (Oct. 5) from Pad 39A at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Florida, and team members have been checking off boxes in the leadup.

On Saturday (Oct. 1), for example, the four Crew-5 astronauts — NASA’s Nicole Mann and Josh Cassada, Japan’s Koichi Wakata and Russian cosmonaut Anna Kikina — arrived at KSC from NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston.

Related: SpaceX Crew-5 astronauts ready for historic mission

Another shot of the Crew-5 stack on Pad 39A Oct. 1, 2022. The mission is scheduled to launch on Oct. 5. (Image credit: SpaceX via Twitter)

That same day, the Falcon 9 rocket and Dragon capsule that will fly Crew-5 were rolled out to Pad 39A from SpaceX‘s processing facility at KSC. The Falcon 9 is jarringly white and clean by SpaceX standards; Elon Musk’s company is famous for landing and reflying boosters, which get soot-blackened during their trips back to Earth. But Crew-5 will be the first mission for this particular Falcon 9 first stage.

On Sunday (Oct. 2), SpaceX performed a “static fire” test of the Falcon 9, lighting up the first stage’s nine Merlin engines briefly in a standard preflight trial. SpaceX, NASA and the Crew-5 astronauts also “completed a full rehearsal of launch day activities” on Sunday, SpaceX said via Twitter (opens in new tab).

Crew-5 will send Mann, Cassada, Wakata and Kikina to the International Space Station for a five-month stay. The mission will make history in multiple ways. For instance, Kikina will become the first cosmonaut ever to fly on a SpaceX mission to orbit. And Mann will become the first Native American woman to reach the final frontier.

Crew-5 is scheduled to launch on Oct. 5, 2022. It will send NASA astronauts Nicole Mann and Josh Cassada, Japan’s Koichi Wakata and cosmonaut Anna Kikina to the International Space Station for about five months.  (Image credit: SpaceX via Twitter)

NASA and SpaceX had been targeting today (Oct. 3) for Crew-5’s liftoff, but Hurricane Ian pushed things back by two days. 

The storm’s impact on the timeline for NASA’s Artemis 1 moon mission was much more dramatic. NASA had been targeting Sept. 27 for the launch of Artemis 1, which will lift off from KSC’s Pad 39B. But the Artemis 1 team rolled Artemis 1 off the pad last week to protect it from Ian and is now eyeing a launch in mid-November.

Mike Wall is the author of “Out There (opens in new tab)” (Grand Central Publishing, 2018; illustrated by Karl Tate), a book about the search for alien life. Follow him on Twitter @michaeldwall (opens in new tab). Follow us on Twitter @Spacedotcom (opens in new tab) or on Facebook (opens in new tab).  



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Health

A new drug seeks ‘true revenge’ on COVID by turning the virus against itself

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A neurologist at a prestigious U.S. research institute has developed an experimental COVID treatment he calls “true revenge” that weaponizes the virus against itself.

The treatment, dubbed NMT5, was created by Scripps Research Institute’s Neurodegeneration New Medicines Center founding director Dr. Stuart Lipton and a team of scientists. It’s a derivative of memantine, an Alzheimer’s drug Lipton developed in the 1990s that happened to originate from a drug used on people infected with the flu in the 1960s. 

Now a COVID antiviral, NMT5—if approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration—would be taken orally by an infected person, much like Paxlovid, the popular pills taken at home by those who’ve been diagnosed with the virus. 

But unlike Paxlovid, which prevents COVID from replicating in an infected person’s body, NMT5 alters the virus, causing it to gain “warheads” that temporarily alter the cells where COVID usually attaches and enters so that the virus is no longer capable of infecting them.

Because of the differing approach to attacking the virus, NMT5 is thought to prevent the spread of infection to others. Those infected with COVID who take the new drug are expected to spread virus that destroys itself—meaning it should be unable to infect a new host, according to the study.

It’s a feat no other COVID vaccine or treatment has yet to accomplish—“true revenge” on a virus that has caused so much death and suffering in recent years, says Lipton, who is also professor of neurosciences and neurology at the University of San Diego School of Medicine and the Yale School of Medicine.

A peer-reviewed study by Lipton and his team published Sept. 29 in Nature Chemical Biology found promising results by using the experimental drug in Syrian golden hamsters, which are extremely susceptible to COVID and are considered the gold standard in testing potential therapeutics.

The study also found that, in hamsters, the drug “virtually eliminated” large hemorrhages in the lungs often sometimes seen when COVID fatalities are autopsied. It also significantly reduced inflammatory response in hamsters that took it, as compared to hamsters that did not. 

What’s more, NMT5 was found to be highly effective against COVID variants Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron. It reduced the ability of the virus to replicate in the host and transmit to others by up to 95%, the study states.

Yet another bonus: In addition to being taken in pill form, the drug can also be inhaled, meaning it can immediately diffuse to the lungs and nasal passages, where the virus enters the body, ideally preventing further spread.

Because NMT5 is a combination of two FDA-approved drugs—memantine and nitroglycerine—it’s likely to be safe, Lipton says, though it will still need to undergo an FDA review. He hopes that human trials can begin in the next few months—a year at most. If approved by the FDA, the drug would enter the market sometime shortly thereafter.

He’s under no illusion that the drug will end the pandemic, even in a best-case scenario. But it could serve as a new tool against the virus—one that, when paired with improved boosters, could eventually tame the raging virus.

“The beauty of this new drug is that it’s totally novel,” Lipton said about the drug that started as a treatment for the flu before being morphed into an Alzheimer’s drug—and now, perhaps, the latest weapon against COVID. 

“We took an antiviral drug and made it better for the brain, then made it better against the virus. What could be a cooler story than that?”

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Entertainment

Bold & Beautiful Recap: Ridge Walks Out on Brooke Believing She Lied About CPS

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At the Forrester mansion, Ridge tells Thomas, “Brooke wouldn’t do this!” Thomas reminds him they both heard the recording — there was no doubt it was her. He wearily says the only explanation is that Brooke has always hated him. Ridge denies that’s true. Thomas argues that it is true — she’s trying to take his son away from him for chopping up an apple with a knife. Ridge blurts, “She said she didn’t make the phone call! She told me! She wouldn’t lie to me about this.” He’s going to go ask her to her face. Thomas recaps that Brooke said her name on the recording and then lied to him when he asked her about it. Ridge warns him not to say a word and insists he has to give her a chance to come clean. “I’m going to go over there and I’m going to see my wife.”

More: Soap news round-up and recaps

At home, Brooke texts Ridge to find out when he’s coming home. Hope comes in. She just talked to Liam and asks, “What is this about Douglas and CPS?!?” Brooke assures Hope that he is fine. Hope asks her mother to enlighten her then, because she doesn’t understand why CPS was called on Thomas. Brooke doesn’t know why but it really worries her. Somebody felt strong enough to call in and complain. She thinks Hope could use this to get Douglas where he belongs. Hope is offended on Thomas’ behalf — she can’t imagine what it must be like to have those people show up and question your parenting. Brooke narrows her eyes, “Then maybe he shouldn’t have been using a knife around his son.” Hope levels, “Oh mom!” Brooke doubles down. What’s going to happen if Douglas is running around and falls on top of the knife? Hope insists Thomas is careful. Brooke feels her daughter’s being manipulated by Thomas again now that she’s spending so much time around him. Hope fumes that she’s not naïve — if she’s defending Thomas, it’s because he deserves it. As for her spending time there, if her son is with Thomas, then that’s where she’ll be. Brooke questions if that’s really a good idea. Hope tells her she sounds just like Liam.

Hope gets a call from a man named Edgar she’s collaborating with and tells him she’ll have the lead designer, Thomas, reach out. After disconnecting, Hope urges her mother to say what she’s thinking because she has a “look” on her face. Brooke muses that listening to her just now, she realized how interwoven her life is with Thomas’. He’s worked his way into her work and home life. Hope wonders if she’s suggesting she isn’t aware of how their relationship works? “I wish that you would give me a little more credit than that.” She knows the good and bad sides of Thomas and for a long time now she’s only seen the good side. Brooke reminds her daughter he’s used Douglas in the past to manipulate her. Hope insists that’s not what he’s doing now. Thomas is finally on the right track and did not deserve what happened with CPS. Brooke’s phone goes off. She was hoping it was Ridge, but it wasn’t. Hope is heading to the office to have a conversation with Thomas and exits.

More: See Katherine Kelly Lang’s granddaughter take after her

At the cliff house, Steffy wants Taylor to get back with Ridge and complains that Brooke doesn’t deserve the consideration she’s giving her. Taylor argues you don’t treat people as bad as they are, you treat them as good as you are… when she gets back from Aspen she wants to move on completely from Ridge.

More: Yellowstone’s Kelly Reilly says a ‘beautiful goodbye’

After Steffy’s made all the arrangements for the kids, Taylor reflects that she thought she would be moving toward Ridge, but he’s married to Brooke. “It’s long past time for me to move on.” Steffy suggests she could stay in town and fight for her dad, but Taylor didn’t come back to LA to steal Brooke’s husband. “I have to love myself more than the possibility of a future with your father.” Steffy just doesn’t want her to close any doors — Brooke’s going to screw up and then he’ll realize he belongs with her! She urges her mother not to close her heart, but Taylor argues she has to close it a little bit. Taylor needs to get away from him for a bit and figure out where she’s going.

On the jet, Taylor is looking forward to a change of scenery with no Ridge reminders. Steffy reminds her how happy they were the last time they were on the jet on the way home from Monaco. They recap that Finn is back with his family and loves Steffy so much. Steffy talks of the miracle kiss in Monaco. “Know that he loves you and don’t give up.”

More: Watch! Taylor and Steffy in Aspen

After, Taylor flashes to the kiss with Ridge as Steffy emerges from a door. She contacted Finn to see if he wanted to join them. Taylor adores her son-in-law. Steffy starts back in about her keeping the door open for Ridge. Taylor doesn’t want to — that draft is cold, and he always goes back to Brooke. If she’s the love of his life and that’s who he wants, she wishes him well.

More: Did [spoiler] call CPS?

Ridge arrives at Brooke’s place as she’s making dinner reservations. She explains she wanted to get his mind off of what happened today. “That was crazy, right?” She asks if he’s learned anything else about the CPS visit. She wonders if Thomas has crossed someone lately. Perhaps the caller wanted to get back at him. Ridge complains that they questioned Douglas. Brooke reiterates that whoever it was may have only thought they were hurting Thomas. She hopes they weren’t too hard on Douglas. “I certainly don’t know who it is.” Ridge strokes her face and suddenly remembers something he left at the office. He leaves her there gawping.

Outside, Ridge sighs, “It was you.” He flashes to hearing her voice on the recording. “You lied to me. You lied to my face. It was you… it was you.”

More: Devastating Thomas twist ahead?!?

Next on The Bold and the Beautiful: Thomas marvels at Hope’s ability to always see the best in him, and Ridge contemplates his destiny.

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Sports

Miami Dolphins say QB Tua Tagovailoa ruled out for Week 5 game vs. New York Jets

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The Miami Dolphins have ruled quarterback Tua Tagovailoa out for Week 5 against the New York Jets, coach Mike McDaniel said Monday.

McDaniel said Tagovailoa’s MRI came back clean but that it’s “too early to give a definite timeline” for when his starting quarterback will be able to return from the concussion he suffered last Thursday night against the Cincinnati Bengals.

Tagovailoa, who remains in the concussion protocol, was at the Dolphins’ facility on Monday, a source told ESPN’s Jeremy Fowler.

He is expected to be interviewed early this week in the NFL and NFL Players Association’s joint investigation of his quick return to the Week 3 game against the Buffalo Bills, sources told ESPN’s Adam Schefter.

The league and players’ association indicated Saturday that their review is ongoing while adding they agree that “modifications to the concussion protocol are needed to enhance player safety.”

A league official told Schefter that the investigation is expected to last another week or two, and the results will be announced “almost immediately after.”

Tagovailoa initially seemed to exhibit concussion symptoms after the hit to his head late in the first half of Miami’s Week 3 home game against Buffalo, but he was cleared by a team physician and an unaffiliated neurotrauma consultant to return in the second half. Tagovailoa and the team later said his legs were wobbly because of a back injury.

After the Thursday hit, in which 6-foot-3, 340-pound Bengals defensive tackle Josh Tupou slammed Tagovailoa backward into the turf, the quarterback’s hands froze up and his fingers flexed awkwardly in front of his face mask for several seconds as he lay on the ground in Cincinnati. He remained on the ground for several minutes until he was taken away on a stretcher and sent to a hospital. He was released from the hospital and flew home with the Dolphins hours later.

The NFLPA fired the unaffiliated neurotrauma consultant on Saturday, saying in a joint statement with the league that they “anticipate changes to the protocol being made in the coming days based on what has been learned thus far in the review process.” Sources told ESPN that the firing came after it was found the consultant made “several mistakes” in his evaluation of Tagovailoa.

Teddy Bridgewater, who replaced Tagovailoa in the Week 4 loss against the Bengals, will get the start on Sunday against the Jets at MetLife Stadium.

ESPN’s Marcel Louis-Jacques contributed to this report.

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